scholarly journals Finds of West-European coins of the 11th — early 12th century at Novgorod (Rurik’s) Gorodishche

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
P. Gaydukov ◽  
◽  
E. Ushankov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
12Th Century ◽  
Lake Ilmen ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
West European

This paper is a publication of West-European denarii of the 11th — early 12th century and their imita- tions provenient from the territory of Novgorod Gorodishche (Rurik’s Hillfort). All the known coins are discussed — both those yielded by archaeological excavations (8 items) and single finds by private persons (13 items). The new numismatic materials expand and supplement the available information on the earliest and very important trade-handicraft and military-administrative centre of the Lake Ilmen region.

scholarly journals A 12th century set of marvered purple glass vessels from Branicevo (Serbia)

Starinar ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 151-173
Author(s):  
Dragana Spasic-Djuric ◽  
Sonja Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Glass Vessel ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

During the 2011 archaeological excavations at the Mali Grad site in Branicevo, a set of at least 16 vessels made of translucent dark-purple glass and decorated with marvered opaque white trails was discovered. This unique glass assemblage, consisting of at least eight bowls, three bottles, two cylindrical flasks and three further vessels which can be possibly attributed to flasks, was found in the most significant archaeological context in the urban centre of Branicevo, in the layer above the floor in House No 4. According to other archaeological finds from the same context, coins in particular, the glass vessel set is dated to the 12th century. Importantly, the finds from Branicevo are so far the earliest securely-dated vessels of this type in the territory of the Byzantine Empire, post-dating the reestablishment of its control over the Balkan Peninsula in the 11th century.

scholarly journals New Lead Seal of Adrian Komnenos, Protosebastos and Megas Domestikos of the Entire West, Discovered in the Area of Rusokastro in Southeastern Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Nikolay Kanev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Source Of Information

ntroduction. The present article is a primary publication of a newly discovered sphragistic artefact from the area of the medieval fortress of Rusokastro, which was acquired by the Regional Historical Museum in Burgas in 2019. Methods. In their entirety, the Byzantine lead seals are an important primary and reliable source of information on various aspects of Byzantine history. Byzantine seals are especially important from the perspective of prosopography. First of all, they are invaluable evidence of individuals who, in one way or another, participated in the social and political life of the Byzantine Empire. Therefore, the discovery of each new sphragistic monument is of great importance and the available information must be carefully analyzed. Analysis. This interesting artefact is a lead seal of the brother of the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Komnenos (1081–1118), Adrian Komnenos as a protosebastos and megas domestikos of the entire West. The obverse depicts Saint George, nimbate, standing, facing forward, holding a spear in his right hand, and resting his left hand on a shield. Inscription in 7 lines within dotted border on the reverse: + Κ(ύρι)ε β(οή)θ(ει) τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Ἀδριανῷ (πρωτο)σεβαστῷ (καὶ) μ(ε)γ(άλῳ) δομ[ε]στίκῳ πάσης Δύσεως τῷ Κομνην(ῷ). The seal dates from the end of the 11th century. Results. This new Byzantine lead seal, described in this article, increases the number of medieval sphragistic finds in the Rusokastro area, which belong to an undeniably wide chronological range – from the second half of the 8th century to the beginning of the 12th century. Thus, the number of lead seals from the area of Rusokastro grow to six, five of which are Byzantine and one is a Bulgarian imperial seal.

scholarly journals Grob 75 s lokaliteta Pakoštane-Crkvina

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gusar ◽  
Dario Vujević
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Partial Reconstruction ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

In the course of archaeological excavations at the Pakoštane-Crkvina site from 2006 to 2013, the remnants of the Church of St. Mary, which was part of the medieval settlement of Zablaće, were unearthed. Auxiliary rooms and a medieval cemetery were uncovered beside the church. However, the features of grave 75 make it stand out. It is a constructed tomb with Romanesque style characteristics. The construction of this unusual grave can be dated to the 12th century. It can be compared to the tomb of the Abbess Vekenega in the Benedictine monastery of St. Mary in Zadar. Partial reconstruction is also possible based on the preserved parts. Apart from its rich architecture, grave 75 should also be singled out for the finds uncovered within it. These include jewellery, parts of attire and coins. Grave 75 and the other unearthed graves and finds indicate the site’s importance in the period between the 12th and 16th century. 

Bone ice skates in the medieval Novgorod (based on archaeological research of the Institute of Archaeology RAS in 2018–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Oleg Oleynikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Instrumental Study ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Small Bone ◽  
Tubular Bones

The article summarizes available information on bone ice skates and presents the results of research and classification of the collection of skates of the 11th–15th centuries found by the Novgorod Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology RAS. Medieval ice skates are small bone runners made from the tubular bones of large domestic animals. All objects show traces of the specific processing of original bones: cut off epiphyses and a flattened plantar side (sliding surface). The amount of accumulated archaeological material, instrumental study of wear pattern on the working surface, experiments in the use and manufacture of skates, numerous ethnographic parallels in the use of bone skates in a number of countries almost up to the present day, as well as the fact of skating on bone shoes recorded in a 12th century source, make it safe to say that, in functional terms, ice skating was one of the forms of winter pastime and was a part of the Novgorod dwellers’ everyday life.

Fragments of a steatite icon (diptych wing) with the Great Feasts cycle excavated in Chełm (eastern Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Andrzej Buko ◽  
Tomasz Dzieńkowski ◽  
Stanisław Gołub ◽  
Mirosław P. Kruk ◽  
Marek Michalik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Byzantine Icon ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Abstract The paper presents fragments of a Byzantine icon discovered in 2015 during regular archaeological excavations carried out in Chełm, eastern Poland. Iconographic analyses allow the nine surviving fragments to be interpreted as belonging to a diptych wing with the Great Feasts cycle. The icon represents archaic iconography of the subject, with the scene of Transfiguration placed after Entry into Jerusalem and before the Crucifixion. The artefact was created in the second half or at the close of the 12th century, and it was made from steatite, which has been confirmed by petrographic analyses. The icon was discovered in the remains of a palace complex of King Daniel Romanovich, the greatest ruler of the Galicia-Volhynia Lands. The results of the archaeological research allow the terminus ante quem for the icon’s arrival in Chełm to be determined as before the middle of the 13th century. Various possible explanations as to how the icon found its way to Chełm are also explored in the paper.

scholarly journals White Stone Sarcophagi in Arcosolia of the Church of Sts. Boris and Gleb in Kideksha

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Вл.В. Седов
Keyword(s):  
12Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

В статье публикуются две арочных ниши (аркосолии) и находящиеся в них два саркофага, содержавшие останки сына князя Юрия Долгорукого князя Бориса Юрьевича (умер в 1159 г.), и его жены Марии (умерла в 1161 г.). Этот погребальный комплекс, находящийся в церкви Бориса и Глеба в Кидекше, белокаменном храме середины XII в., является одним из хорошо сохранившихся и наиболее ранних комплексов Владимиро Суздальской Руси. Он включает в себя также монументальную фресковую живопись в поле аркосолиев. Автор, проводивший в храме археологические раскопки в 2011 2012 гг., приводит аналоги их зеркальному расположению в храмах Византии и Древней Руси, а также описывает сами аркосолии и саркофаги в них, вписывая эти сооружения в контекст и типологию погребальных сооружений Владимиро Суздальского княжества. The paper publishes two arch niches (arcosolia) and two sarcophagi located in these niches with remains of Prince Boris Yurievich, son of Prince Yury the Long Arm, (died in 1159) and his wife Maria (died in 1161). This funerary complex in the Church of Sts. Boris and Gleb in Kideksha, a white stone church built in the mid 12th century, is one of the well preserved and the earliest complexes of this type in the VladimirSuzdal Rus. It also contains a monumental fresco painting in the arcosolia. The author who performed archaeological excavations in the church in 2011 2012 provides analogies of their mirror location in churches and cathedrals of Byzantium and Medieval Russia and describes the arcosolia and their sarcophagi putting them in the context and typology of funerary constructions of the Vladimir Suzdal Principality.

scholarly journals The image of a city in the mosaics of the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Евгеньевна Этингоф
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Figurative Art ◽  
Floor Mosaics ◽  
Church Councils ◽  
Northern Wall ◽  
West European

Аниконическая иконография церковных соборов в виде архитектурных мотивов, которая представлена в мозаиках базилики Рождества Христова в Вифлееме 1169 г., встречается сравнительно редко. Известно несколько ее примеров в византийских и западноевропейских памятниках IXX вв. В рукописях IXXII вв. встречается комбинация архитектурных композиций и антропоморфных изображений участников соборов. Аниконические мотивы в Вифлееме соответствовали не только обращению к древней программе мозаик самой базилики при реставрации XII в. или идеологии и политике крестоносцев, но и традиции нефигуративного искусства византийского мира, существовавшей вплоть до XII в. Иконография городов в топографических напольных мозаиках Иордании получила особое распространение в VIII в., в чем очевидна связь с актуальностью аниконического искусства именно в этот период. Закономерно, если циклы напольных мозаик Святой земли послужили одним из источников монументальных мозаик базилики в Вифлееме. Aniconic iconography of Church Councils in the form of architectural and urban motifs, which is represented in the mosaics of the northern wall of the central nave of the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem in 1169, is relatively rare. Several examples of such type are known in Byzantine and West European monuments of the 9th 10th centuries. A combination of architectural compositions and anthropomorphic images of church fathers, emperors, participants of Councils could be found in manuscripts of 9th 12th centuries. The aniconic motifs in Bethlehem corresponded not only to the appeal to the early mosaic program of the basilica during the restoration of the 12th century or to the ideology and politics of the crusaders, but also to the tradition of non-figurative art of the Byzantine world, which existed until the 12th century. The Eastern Christian Monophysite tradition and Islamic monuments could also have an influence on the aniconic motifs in the mosaics of the Bethlehem basilica. The iconography of cities in topographic floor mosaics on the territory of Jordan became especially widespread in the 8th century some of the monuments were created during the period of the formation of iconoclasm, as in Umm al-Rasas and Main, which clearly shows the relation with the relevance of anionic art at that time. It is quite natural if such cycles of floor mosaics of the Holy Land served as one of the sources of aniconic monumental mosaics on the northern wall of the central nave in the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem.

scholarly journals Analysis of human osteological material from the eastern part of site no. 37 in Sremska Mitrovica

Starinar ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 181-204
Author(s):  
Natasa Miladinovic-Radmilovic
Keyword(s):  
12Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Analysis ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Direct Confirmation

The direct reason for writing this paper was the new find of skeletons in the medieval necropolis (10th-12th century) discovered as far back 1968 at the Site No. 37 in Sremska Mitrovica (Sirmium). Institute for the protection of cultural monuments in Sremska Mitrovica undertook protective archaeological excavations in the eastern part of the site in 2010, discovering 29 skeletons. Since that archaeological analysis of Belo Brdo communities is still in its infancy and considering that there is not a sufficiently big sample for a more precise monitoring of this population?s inner dynamics, it is considered useful to present results gained by studying these skeletons on Site No. 37. Although the results in many ways match the results gained up until now, there are some paleopathological changes that so far, have not appeared and for which we had no direct confirmation in the osteological material. One of these paleopathological changes is certainly syphilis.

scholarly journals ATLANTIS IN SPAIN II

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
S.P. Papamarinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
The Past ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Plato, who lived in the 4th century B.C., wrote the dialogue Timaeos and Critias when he was 52 years old. In this he describes a catastrophe in Athens from an earthquake in the presence of excessive rain. He also describes several details, not visible in his century, in the Acropolis of Athens. These details are a spring and architectural details of buildings in which the warriors used to live. In Critias he mentions that the destruction of the spring was caused by an earthquake. The time of the catastrophe of Atlantis was not defined by him but it is implied that it occurred after the assault of the Atlantes in the Mediterranean. Archaeological excavations confirmed the existence of the spring which was about 25 m deep with respect to the present day walking level. Archaeologically dated ceramics, found at its bottom, denote the last function of the spring was in very early 12th century B.C. Plato describes the warriors’ settlements which were found outside of the fortification wall in the North East of the Acropolis. The philosopher, who was not a historian, describes a general catastrophe in Greece from which the Greek language survived till his century. Archaeological studies have offered a variety of tablets of Linear B writings which turn out to be the non-alphabetic type of writing of the Greeks up to the 12th century B.C. before the dark ages commence. Modern geoarchaeological and palaeoseismological studies prove that seismic storms occurred in the East Mediterranean between 1225 and 1175 B.C. The result of a fifty-year period of earthquakes was the catastrophe of many late Bronze Age palaces or settlements. For some analysts both Athens and Atlantis presented in Timaeos and Critias are imaginary entities. They maintained that the imaginary conflict between Athens and Atlantis served Plato to produce the first world’s “science fiction” and gave the Athenians an anti-imperialistic lesson through his fabricated myth. However, a part of this “science fiction”, Athens of Critias, is proved a reality of the 12th century B.C., described only by Plato and not by historians, such as Herodotus, Thucydides and others. Analysts of the past have mixed Plato’s fabricated Athens presented in his dialogue Republic with the non-fabricated Athens of his dialogue Critias. This serious error has deflected researchers from their target to interpret Plato’s text efficiently.

De Veluwse herengoederen

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
PETER VEEN ◽  
EVERT DE JONGE
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The ‘herengoederen’ in the Dutch region the Veluwe. Farming in a feudal system In this article the development of the feudal system of ‘herengoederen’ (landowner estates) has been described for the region the Veluwe in the Netherlands. These estates were founded by the count and later duke of Gelre. In the 12th century the count of Gelre came to power due to the support of the bishop of Utrecht and the Roman-German emperor. He was able to start reclamation activities across the Veluwe region. The reclamation work was done by serfs who lived in on his estate. The term ‘herengoed’ was officially used in documents to describe a farming unit from 1543 onwards till 1795 ( the French Revolution). However, these farming units were much older as they originated form the 12th century. The system of ‘herengoed’ is an interesting subject for historical research because the administration of these farms is still available in the regional archives in the province of Gelderland. For every ‘herengoed’ a registration was set up about, for instance, the position of serfdom, the completeness of the estates and the registration of debts on the estates. A new owner of the ‘herengoed’ needed a permission (investiture) from the chamber of registration of the county of Gelre to live on the estate. After changes in the 16th century the province of Gelderland led the chamber of registration. After a general introduction about the nature of ‘herengoederen’ a case study has been included for the local community Nunspeet with its four settlements Hulshorst, Westeinde, ‘t Hul and Oosteinde. The first remnants of settlements in this region were found during archaeological excavations in the 1970s. Periods of drought stimulated the farmers to start farming in the coastal area on the fringes of the Veluwe Plateau. After the establishment of the county of Gelre in the 12th century the coastal area between Veluwe and Zuiderzee was reclaimed within a couple of centuries. The system of reclamation was described in the article based on a study on cadastral and other maps from the 19th century and on information from the archives. The authors advise to start a Veluwe-wide inventory of all still existing ‘herengoederen’ because due to urbanisation and other causes the number of these estates has declined dramatically. A complete inventory of all these farming units has been missing up till now.

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