Fragments of a steatite icon (diptych wing) with the Great Feasts cycle excavated in Chełm (eastern Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Andrzej Buko ◽  
Tomasz Dzieńkowski ◽  
Stanisław Gołub ◽  
Mirosław P. Kruk ◽  
Marek Michalik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Byzantine Icon ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Abstract The paper presents fragments of a Byzantine icon discovered in 2015 during regular archaeological excavations carried out in Chełm, eastern Poland. Iconographic analyses allow the nine surviving fragments to be interpreted as belonging to a diptych wing with the Great Feasts cycle. The icon represents archaic iconography of the subject, with the scene of Transfiguration placed after Entry into Jerusalem and before the Crucifixion. The artefact was created in the second half or at the close of the 12th century, and it was made from steatite, which has been confirmed by petrographic analyses. The icon was discovered in the remains of a palace complex of King Daniel Romanovich, the greatest ruler of the Galicia-Volhynia Lands. The results of the archaeological research allow the terminus ante quem for the icon’s arrival in Chełm to be determined as before the middle of the 13th century. Various possible explanations as to how the icon found its way to Chełm are also explored in the paper.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMORPHIC REPRESENTATIONS ON MEDIEVAL RINGS IN SERBIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
VESNA MANOJLOVIĆ NIKOLIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Ethnic Affiliation ◽  
Time Space ◽  
12Th Century

Jewellery represents a very indicative and chronologically sensitive type of archaeological material, expressing the fashion and style of a certain period, and certain examples have characteristics related to specific cultures and indicating ethnic affiliation of persons wearing it. Medieval rings, just like jewellery in general, represented an integral part of the traditional garb as well as a decorative piece that an individual carried in life and was often buried with it too. Their unchanging shape makes them the most conservative piece of jewellery, which has retained the same form until the present time. What varied through time/space were materials the rings were made of, the quality of production, the choice of motives and also the appearance of the hoop and the shape of the head of the ring.This paper offers an analysis of medieval rings with anthropomorphic representations. According to the number of figures represented on the head of the ring, two groups are distinguished: rings with one or with two human figures. With respect to the elements represented alongside the figure defining it more precisely, the first group includes rings with warriors and holy warriors. With respect to the variations in compositions with two figures, we can distinguish four groups of rings: the ones with a cross between human figures; the ones with hands raised in the act of benediction; the ones with a halo; the ones without a halo around the figures’ heads.The rings are dated back to the 12th century and the first decades of the 13th century. According to results of archaeological research, they are mostly found on necropoles in Eastern Serbia. Similar to the most of the rings from this period, they belong to the Byzantine cultural circle, i.e. they imitate Byzantine models, and certain examples can be linked to the strengthening of Christianity among the Slav populations of the Balkans. 

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE OLD TOWN HALL IN SIERADZ

space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (47) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Adriana Sowała ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

The Old Town in Sieradz is one of the oldest and best-preserved medieval urban complexes in Poland. In its center there is the Old Market Square, which was marked out at the intersection of important trade routes in the 13th century. Unfortunately, to this day, the center-market buildings, including the town hall, have not been preserved. Moreover, no photo or drawing showing the appearance of the Sieradz seat of municipal authorities has survived. In connection with the above, the article attempts to present the history of the repeatedly rebuilt town hall in Sieradz from different periods, as well as plans for its reconstruction. For this purpose, the available archival materials, the results of archaeological research and the literature on the subject were used, the analysis of which allowed to draw conclusions about the history of the town hall in Sieradz.

scholarly journals STONE TEMPLES OF YURYEV: PLANNING AND STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-181
Author(s):  
M. V. Kvitnitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Limestone Sand ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

For a long time the localization of Yuriev (now Bila Tserkva — the city in the Kyiv region of Ukraine) has been the subject of discussions connected to the attempts to find a stone temple. Excavations in 1980-s, made by Ruslan Orlov, have discovered the remains of the temple and put the end to debate. The temple was interpreted as a four-pillar three-apsed structure and dated to the late 12th — first half of the 13th century. Further comprehension of the materials made the authors of the study to question this interpretation. In 2011 and 2014, in connection with the idea of a museum foundation and architectural reproduction the foundations of temple were discovered. Two outbuildings of the first half of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th century have been found. The outbuilding of the 12th century contained the building materials of the 2nd half of the 11th century. In the outbuilding of the first half of the 13th century bar bricks were found. After the excavations it was cleared that the foundations were significantly damaged and the apse was completely destroyed in 2008. New finds and materials allow to suggest that here two stone buildings have been existed. The first one was built in the second half of the 11th century and completely dismantled in the first third of the 13th century. From these materials the second temple was built with the participation of the builders of the Kyiv school and Western Europe. The latter have brought new masonry techniques and materials (brick and limestone sand mortar). There are good reasons to suggest that the new temple was a five-apsed.

scholarly journals The History of Excavations in the Crimea in 1920-1930's in the Letters to Mykola Ernst

Archaeology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Olena Popelnytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Museum ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The Scientific Archive of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine (NA NMIU) contains three letters dated by 07/15/1930, 09/15/1930 and 11/30/1935, addressed to the famous archaelogist of the Crimea Nikolai Ernst (1889—1956), the authors of which are famous archaeologists Boris Zhukov, Lavrenty Moiseev and Petr Efimenko. These letters contain information about excavations, which in 1920’s — 1930’s were carried out in different regions of the Crimean peninsula and are important sources for studying the history of the Crimean archaeological study. Today N. Ernst’s documents, stored in the archives of Simferopol, Kyiv, St. Petersburg and Moscow, are used by researchers who study the archaeological heritage and life of N. Ernst. However, three letters from the NA NMIU have not become the subject of a separate study yet and have not been introduced into scientific circulation. The addressee of these letters, N. Ernst, in 1920’s, worked in the Crimean department for museums and protection of monuments of art and antiquity, was the secretary of the Taurida Society of History, Archaeology and Ethnography, and in April 1930 he headed this Society. These letters contain information about archaeological research in the Crimea, which is not mentioned in the published article by N. Ernst ‘Chronicle of archaeological excavations and exploration in the Crimea for 10 years (1921—1930)’. The letters of B. Zhukov (1930) and L. Moiseev (1930) are probably the answers to the request of N. Ernst, as the head of the Taurida Society of History, Archaeology and Ethnography, send information about the work of local archaeological expeditions for the preparation of a general report. These letters contain information about excavations of archaeological monuments from different historical eras, which are located in different regions of the Crimea and are an important source on the history of the Crimean archaeology of 1920’s — 1930’s. In the third letter, the author of which is P. Efimenko (1935), talks about the participation of N. Ernst in the meeting of the Commission for the Study of Fossil Man, which took place in Leningrad on 20—25th December 1935. The purpose of this meeting was to prepare the Soviet section of INQUA to participate in September 1936 in the III International Conference of the Association for the Study of the Quaternary. Efimenko recommended N. Ernst to prepare a report on the results of the exploration of the Chokurcha Cave.

scholarly journals Building with octagon from the locality of „Gradsko polje” in Nis (Naissus). New archaeological excavations

Starinar ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 247-272
Author(s):  
Nadezda Gavrilovic-Vitas ◽  
Gordana Milosevic-Jevtic
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

After three decades of exploring and excavating the so-called building with octagon at the locality of ?Gradsko polje? in Nis, new archaeological research has been conducted. The main goal of the new excavations was, based on a previously led geophysical survey, to determine the dimensions of the western part of the building and to continue the exploration of the approach in front of the room with octagon. Despite modest finances and the short duration of the excavations, this year?s archaeological research has allowed us to conclude that the building with octagon had at least three building phases, starting with the beginning of the 4th century and was in use until the 6th century. Also, a clear stratum of Middle Age houses, dating to the 11th-12th century, was also confirmed in this year?s excavations, along with many fragments of ceramics belonging to the same period. This paper discusses in detail the archaeological and architectural results obtained from the new excavations led in 2018.

Did French Architects, Builders, Stonemasons, and Sculptors Operate in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Second Half of the 12th Century and in the 13th Century?

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Michalina Duda ◽  
Sławomir Jóźwiak ◽  
Marcin Wiewióra
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Art History ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Research History ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Villard De Honnecourt

Abstract Thanks to the wide use of the fruits of interdisciplinary research (history, archaeology, and art history) and a thorough analysis of written and architectural sources, it can be clearly demonstrated that, from at least as early as the end of the 12th century, architects, builders, stonemasons and probably also sculptors from what is now northern and eastern France were operating in the Kingdom of Hungary (though it is not known to what extent). It is impossible not to see a correlation between their activity and the very early appearance of the Gothic style in the territory of what was then Hungary. The architect–builder–designer–sketcher Villard de Honnecourt of Picardy, northern France, and his stay on the shores of the Danube are of particular interest. He was there most probably in the 1220s, but it is unfortunately difficult to say for certain which of the edifices he worked on considering those that were erected at the time in the Kingdom of Hungary.

Mutando mutanda: Notes on Anomalies

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Vadim Krysko
Keyword(s):  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Subject

The article analyzes some examples of ancient Slavic (Old Russian and Old Bulgarian) writing which in the scholarly literature are considered as unique exceptions or early innovations: the reduplication of pronoun tъ and the vocative form of the subject in the Tale of Bygone Years, the use of the verb techi (teshhi) ‘run’ in a causative meaning, the use of the accusative of time in an Old Bulgarian inscription, the *o-stem nominative plural form of the *ā-stem noun ubiitsa in an Old Russian inscription of the 12th century. Attention to a wider range of sources and to the written tradition to which these texts belong reveals that the alleged anomalous forms either represent regular formations or demonstrate a distortion of the text.

Rīgas humānistu laikmets latviešu romānistu tēlojumā

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Ojārs Lāms
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traveling Circus

In the broad tradition of the Latvian historical novel, which has flourished in recent decades, the authors have a strong tendency to focus either on ancient history up to the 13th century or on events important to the Latvian nation in the 19th and 20th centuries. Writers are less interested in the era of humanism in the 16th and 17th centuries when the Latvian nation is still sprouting in the ground. However, these centuries have been crucial in defining the region’s geopolitical affiliation and cultural boundaries. From a broader diachronic view at Latvian novels, it can be stated that a number of Latvian writers, starting from the beginning of the 20th century, have tried to give a textual life to the humanist era in Livonia with various approaches to the historical novel thus creating a special set of texts to be called the Livonian text. Within the framework of this article, the view on the Livonian text consists of a review of 8 novels that have been written over more than a hundred years. They are not all texts on the subject but form a compact and representative sample in terms of theme, stylistics, and genre features. These texts are Andrievs Niedra’s (1871–1942) novel “When the Moon Wears Out” (Kad mēness dilst, 1902), Rutku Tēvs’s (1886–1961) “Rebellious Riga” (Dumpīgā Rīga, 1930) and “Mūksala Brothers” (Mūksalas brāļi, 1934), Astrīda Beināre’s (1937–2016) “Our Lady of Riga Monastery” (Rīgas Dievmātes klosteris, 1993), Aivars Kļavis’s (1953) tetralogy “Beyond the Gate” (Viņpus vārtiem), which consists of the novels “Jester of Adiaminde” (Adiamindes āksts, 2005), “Riga Humpback” (Rīgas kuprītis, 2007), “Ridiculed Soldier” (Piesmietais karavīrs, 2009), “Captives of the Traveling Circus” (Ceļojošā cirka gūstekņi, 2012).

The Politics of Sacred Lineages in 19th-Century Central Asia: Descent Groups Linked to Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi in Shrine Documents and Genealogical Charters

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin DeWeese
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The West ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi, the celebrated saint of Central Asia who lived most likely in the late 12th century, is perhaps best known as a Sufi shaykh and (no doubt erroneously) as a mystical poet; his shrine in the town now known as Turkistan, in southern Kazakhstan, has been an important religious center in Central Asia at least since the monumental mausoleum that still stands was built, by order of Timur, at the end of the 14th century. While Yasavi's shrine, owing to the predilections of Soviet scholarship, was extensively studied by architectural historians and archeologists, its role in social and religious history has received scant attention; at the same time, Ahmad Yasavi's legacy as a Sufi shaykh has itself been the subject of considerable misunderstanding, resulting from two related tendencies in past scholarship: to approach the Yasavi tradition as little more than a sideline to the historically dominant Naqshbandiyya, and to regard it as a phenomenon definable in “ethnic” terms, as limited to an exclusively Turkic environment. Even less well known in the West, however, is one aspect of Ahmad Yasavi's legacy that is of increasing significance in contemporary Central Asia, as the region's religious heritage is recovered and redefined in the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse—namely, the distinctive familial communities that define themselves in terms of descent from Yasavi's family, and have historically claimed specific prerogatives associated with Yasavi's shrine.

scholarly journals Verses of Faith and Devotion. Seeing, Reading, and Touching Monumental Crucifixes with Inscriptions (12th–13th century)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 397-421
Author(s):  
Matko Matija Marušić
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

The paper discusses a group of monumental crucifixes from the 13th-century East Adriatic and Italy, pained or executed in low relief, that display a verse inscriptions on the transverse limb of the cross. The main scope of the paper is to examine the provenance of the text inscribed in order to yield clearer insight into their function, use and original location in the church interiors. The paper specifically aims at analyzing three monumental crucifixes from the East-Adriatic city of Zadar which, although have already been the subject of a respectable number of studies, have not attracted attention as objects of devotion. My interest, therefore, is turned towards verse inscription as their distinctive feature and, as I shall argue, a key aspect in understanding their function. Examining the nature of the text displayed, iconography and materiality of these crucifixes, my main argument is to demonstrate how these objects provoked a multi-faced response from their audience, since were experienced by seeing, hearing and touching respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document