PENENTUAN LOKASI TITIK BOR AIR TANAH BERDASARKAN METODE TAHANAN JENIS 2D DI DESA SUBUR MAKMUR KABUPATEN KOTABARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Subur Makmur Village is an area where the availability of clean water is difficult, especially during the dry season. One of the sources of water that can be used by the villagers is groundwater. However, to obtain groundwater, it is necessary to drill wells and investigate the aquifer layer first. This study aims to obtain an overview of the subsurface layers based on the resistivity properties of the rock, so that the aquifer layer can be identified and can determine the exact location of the drill point in the prospective aquifer position that may be encountered. The geoelectric method is the most efficient method for detecting aquifer layers. It uses two types of configurations, namely, the Wenner and Wenner-Schlumberger configurations where the number of geoelectric paths is one path. The length of the track used is 540 meters, the number of electrodes is 28 with the spacing between the electrodes is 20 meters. The resistivity cross section for both configurations, obtained resistivity values of 11 - 140 Ohm meters. Composed of 2 (two) rock units, namely graywacke sandstone rock units. Consists of graywacke sandstones with claystone inserts. Density value ≥ 40 Ohm meter. Hydraulic properties, small porosity, small permeability, the potential for groundwater in this unit is small. The position of this unit is at a depth of 40 m. In the cross section, the resistivity is yellow - red. The second rock unit comprising this trajectory is the alteration claystone unit consisting of claystone containing bolders of sandstone / igneous rock. Resistivity value ≤ 40 Ohm meter. The position of this unit is on the Surface to a depth of 40 m. Hydraulic properties, large porosity with very small permeability, the potential for groundwater is very small. In the cross section of this unit resistivity are colored dark blue, blue and green. From the resistivity cross section, it can be determined the position of the borehole which is effectively located in the length range of the trajectory between 360 - 420 meters. Keywords: subur makmur, groundwater, wenner, wenner-schlumberger

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Determination of the hydrogen content in surface layers of U8A steel using high frequency currents

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-7-44-48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 87 (7) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Е. G. Rakovskaya ◽

N. G. Zanko ◽

L. К. Yagunova

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Hydrogen Content ◽

High Frequency ◽

Hydrogen Diffusion ◽

Voltage Drop ◽

Alternating Current ◽

Current Frequency ◽

Subsurface Layers ◽

The Cross

An increase in the strength of steels is associated with a decrease in the content of impurities, which have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of steels. One of those impurities is hydrogen. It is known that at ultrahigh frequencies, due to the peculiarities of the distribution of alternating current over the cross section of a metal conductor, the conductivity is carried out by a thin surface layer (skin-effect). We present the results of using high-frequency currents for determination of the hydrogen content in a metal. The absorption of hydrogen by thin subsurface layers of steel is determined proceeding from a change in the voltage drop across the samples which depends on the resistance of the layers. The voltage drop as a function of the alternating current frequency is measured using a high-frequency generator, an HF-voltmeter, and an HF-galvanometer. Wire samples made of high-quality U8A carbon steel were used during testing procedure. At the same time, the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the steel was determined by the method of anodic dissolution. It is shown that the cathode-introduced hydrogen is unevenly distributed over the cross section of the sample. During the aging of cathodic hydrogenated steels of a U8A type, hydrogen diffusion from steels into the air takes place with an insignificant penetration of hydrogen into the deeper metal layers. Moreover, the hydrogen content and the resistance of the subsurface layers of the material increase with an increase in the current density during cathodic polarization. The results obtained can be used in nondestructive testing of the degree of hydrogenation of ferromagnetic products.

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A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100073933 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 698-699

Author(s):

V. Mizuhira ◽

Y. Futaesaku

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Elastic Fiber ◽

The Other ◽

New Approach ◽

Tissue Block ◽

Active Reaction ◽

The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

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Energy Distribution in Electron Beams

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100096096 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 568-569

Author(s):

Tamotsu Ohno

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Energy Distribution ◽

Cross Section ◽

Integral Curve ◽

Electron Beams ◽

Electron Gun ◽

Angular Divergence ◽

Apparent Increase ◽

Integral Width ◽

The Cross

The energy distribution in an electron; beam from an electron gun provided with a biased Wehnelt cylinder was measured by a retarding potential analyser. All the measurements were carried out with a beam of small angular divergence (<3xl0-4 rad) to eliminate the apparent increase of energy width as pointed out by Ichinokawa.The cross section of the beam from a gun with a tungsten hairpin cathode varies as shown in Fig.1a with the bias voltage Vg. The central part of the beam was analysed. An example of the integral curve as well as the energy spectrum is shown in Fig.2. The integral width of the spectrum ΔEi varies with Vg as shown in Fig.1b The width ΔEi is smaller than the Maxwellian width near the cut-off. As |Vg| is decreased, ΔEi increases beyond the Maxwellian width, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Note that the cross section of the beam enlarges with decreasing |Vg|.

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Research in the cross-section of community psychology and global climate change: A call for action

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e628592012-083 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Marci Culley ◽

Holly Angelique ◽

Courte Voorhees ◽

Brian John Bishop ◽

Peta Louise Dzidic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cross Section ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Community Psychology ◽

Global Climate ◽

The Cross

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Experimental Studies Of Multilayer Glass Structures On Compression, Compression With Bending And Simple Bending

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.01.22-30 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 22-30

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Applied Load ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Research Topic ◽

Normative Values ◽

Laminated Glass ◽

The Cross ◽

Experimental Values

The work of multilayer glass structures for central and eccentric compression and bending are considered. The substantiation of the chosen research topic is made. The description and features of laminated glass for the structures investigated, their characteristics are presented. The analysis of the results obtained when testing for compression, compression with bending, simple bending of models of columns, beams, samples of laminated glass was made. Overview of the types and nature of destruction of the models are presented, diagrams of material operation are constructed, average values of the resistance of the cross-sections of samples are obtained, the table of destructive loads is generated. The need for development of a set of rules and guidelines for the design of glass structures, including laminated glass, for bearing elements, as well as standards for testing, rules for assessing the strength, stiffness, crack resistance and methods for determining the strength of control samples is emphasized. It is established that the strength properties of glass depend on the type of applied load and vary widely, and significantly lower than the corresponding normative values of the strength of heat-strengthened glass. The effect of the connecting polymeric material and manufacturing technology of laminated glass on the strength of the structure is also shown. The experimental values of the elastic modulus are different in different directions of the cross section and in the direction perpendicular to the glass layers are two times less than along the glass layers.

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