scholarly journals Celebration of 11 November in the Republic of Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
World War ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
The Republic

In 2018 the Poles celebrated not only the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I but above all regaining of independence after 123 years of partitions. Revering the memory of our fathers, sons and grandfathers who shed blood for Polish lands, flowers were led in the commemoration places, oaks were planted, independence runs and marches were organized, patriotic contests and shows were held. 11 November also witnessed ecumenical payers for the homeland which recalled St. Martin. This figure recalling former folk traditions which forecast the approach of winter is still associated with obligatory consumption of goose meat and sweet St. Martin’s croissants.

Berk, Nurullah (1906–1982)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Shaw
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
World War I ◽  
The State ◽  
Henri Bergson ◽  
World War ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Fernand Leger ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Independent Thought

An artist and writer from the Republic of Turkey, Nurullah Berk worked to promote the expression of Turkish aesthetic ideals as one of the founders of the D Group. Berk first studied in Paris with Ernest Laurent at the École des Beaux Arts between 1924 and 1928. Upon his return to Turkey, he became a member of the recently established Society of Independent Painters and Sculptors. He spent a year in Paris studying with André Lhote and Fernand Leger, whose Cubist modernism reflected the ideas of Henri Bergson as developed by the Puteaux Group before World War I. Returning to Turkey in 1933, Berk became one of the founders of a society of artists that promoted independent thought and modernist ideals, known as the D Group. He also participated in the state-sponsored Homeland Tours project that sent artists to the provinces between 1938 and 1943. Berk promoted the expression of Turkish aesthetics through a vocabulary of abstraction, combining flat abstraction with patterns drawn from the popular and folk traditions of Turkey. Woman Ironing (1950) exemplifies his combination of Cubist abstraction with national identity in its idealization of the working figure of the Turkish peasant woman, with patterns derived from traditional Turkish flatwoven carpets.

Ottoman ghosts and legacies: A drift through the Dead Zone in Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-588
Author(s):  
Alev Adil
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
World War ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Greek Cypriot ◽  
Northern Cyprus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
Commercial Street

This creative piece explores traces and erasures of a Cypriot Ottoman heritage by transposing autoethnographic and psychogeographical practice to Europe’s southernmost capital, Nicosia. It walks the border zone in Nicosia, once the site of the river Pedios, later a major Ottoman commercial street, a boundary from 1958 to 1974, and since then, a Dead Zone and the internationally contested border between the Republic of Cyprus and the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Photography and writing are presented in conjunction with pages in Ottoman Turkish by my great-grandfather, the poet Imam Mustafa Nuri Effendi, who made a notebook from the English periodical The War Pictorial while incarcerated as an enemy alien in Kyrenia Castle by the British during World War I. I explore how these pages speak of my transcultural Ottoman, Turkish-Greek-Cypriot and English heritages and of changes in Cypriot culture in the century between his war and ours.

scholarly journals Megalomania narodowa w ujęciu twórców polskich początku XX wieku

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wrzesińska
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Optimistic Picture ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

National megalomania in Polish reflection in the early 20th centuryIn the early 20th century, a number of Polish thinkers betrayed a mentality in which was deeply rooted the notion of the Polish nation’s unique character. These thinkers also expressed a conviction that Poles had a special mission both in Europe in general and towards other European nations. The signs of the intellectual elite’s national megalomania were reflected in Polish journalistic writings in the final period of World War I and the initial period of regained independence shortly after it.The article analyzes the views of selected thinkers: the philosopher W. Lutosławski, the journalist and literary critic A. Górski, the publicist A. Chołoniewski, and the historian J.K. Kochanowski. All of them believed in an optimistic picture of Polish history and emphasized the significance of the Polish mission in an ethical dimension understood as a desire to establish European order based both on respect towards the individual and at the same time on national diversity. This attitude was clearly based on Romantic thought – a historiosophy tinted with mesianism. All these authors dealt with the same themes from Polish history, treating them as a justification of their attitudes (such as: the Republic of Nobility as an embodiment of the ideal of freedom, Poland as an intermediary between the East and the West, as well as the propagator of Christian civilization in the East; the prominent role of Poles among the Slavic peoples, the importance of Catholicism). All in all, they created a mythologized vision of the Polish Republic in order to integrate the Polish society and mobilize it to act. This stream of glorification of the Polish statehood met with severe criticism after Poland regained its independence. S. Zakrzewski, F. Bujak, J.S. Bystroń, Bocheński brothers and others protested against falsifying the history of Poland.

SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY AND TAX REGIMES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1763 TO THE PRESENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Elliot Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
World War ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
The Republic

The essay explores how ideas about social justice and economic performance shaped the debates over federal taxation in the United States since the origins of the republic. The debates were most intense during major national emergencies (the American Revolution, the Civil War, World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II), and each debate produced a new tax regime-a tax system with its own characteristic tax base, rate structure, administration apparatus, and social purpose. The criterion of "ability to pay" and a concern for economic efficiency powerfully shaped the formation of every tax regime, but "ability to pay" became the more influential of the two considerations during the national crises of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals «The Heroes of the World War I. Photographs of Private Archives»

2014 ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Milovanova
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Political Party ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The World ◽  
State Library

There is described realization of the International Contest of Photographs «The Heroes of the World War I. Photographs of Private Archives», dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the World War I, as well as on the rewarding of the winners with participation of S. Mironov, the Chairman of "A Just Russia" Political Party, and V. Fedorov, the President of the Russian State Library.

5 Evolution and Gestalt of the Austrian State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiederin Ewald
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter presents an overview and history of the Austrian administrative state. It shows how the traditional form of the Austrian administration evolved in the second half of the nineteenth century. After defeat in World War I, the Republic of Austria succeeded the extinct Danube Monarchy; it took over the Viennese central administrative departments and their personnel and remained a ‘typical administrative state’. In the early modern period, the fundamental elements of Austria's administration developed on three different levels that still exist and to this day continue to characterize the administration's structure. Most notably, the state's dominant administrative feature is expressed by the equality of the judiciary and the administrative branch in both standing and rights.

Migrant modernists: The making of national architects in Lithuania in the 1930s and their survival strategies in the 1950s

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-427
Author(s):  
Marija Drėmaitė
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Republic

The new national states that emerged on the European map in 1918 following the collapse of the great European empires in the wake of World War I became enthusiastic participants in the race to modernise, hoping to keep pace with global trends and become more European in the process. Renewal was the central goal of many European cities. This was particularly so in the newly restored cities or those newly designated as administrative capitals such as Kaunas, which became the provisional capital of the Republic of Lithuania from 1919 to 1939. These cities faced similar challenges: ridding themselves of imperial pasts, architectural legacies and symbols, changing their urban environment, creating new political centres and constructing new government facilities. The question of national architects became similarly important. Through the lives of the modern architects who were compelled to change their citizenship or suffered exile, forced migration or genocide, we can study the effect of social and political change, and in particular political ruptures. This paper follows how architects, collectively as well as individually, developed as a modern group of socially engaged intellectuals in 1930s. It then considers how they reacted to political changes, such as the first communist occupation of Lithuania in 1940, the subsequent Nazi occupation in 1941, and the return of the Red Army in 1944, when most of the architects in private practice emigrated to the West. Finally, it illustrates how those architects who remained adapted to the new political rule in Soviet Lithuania in the 1950s.

To Serve with Words, Letters and Deeds - The First Stage of the Református Család (Reformed Family) Magazine’s Publication (1929-1944)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Sarolta Püsök
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Hungarian Revolution ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The 19Th Century

" The study firstly addresses the crisis period, which made the creation of the periodical necessary. The first issue was published in 1929, but our time travel to understand the era needs to take us back at least to the 19th century since the roots of the crisis can be found there: the defeat of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848; the worker optimism following the 1867 Austro-Hungarian Compromise, which, in addition to spectacular results, further deepened the economic and ethnic gap between the various strata of the population; the people-centred, fickle ideological basis of theological liberalism; the horrors of World War I, the Republic of Councils of Hungary, the Treaty of Trianon. The second main topic outlines one of the successful areas of crisis management, i.e. the domestic mission aspirations unfolding in the Transylvanian Reformed Church District: the role of theology professors, Vécs Society, associations mobilizing certain strata of church members, and related press releases and press products. The third chapter presents the first release period of Református Család from 1929 to 1944: objectives of the periodical, columns, readers, editors-writers. Keywords: the Hungarian Reformed community in Transylvania, crisis period, home/domestic mission, Transylvanian Reformed Women’s Association (1928–1944), Református Család periodical (1929–1944)."

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