scholarly journals Studying Changes of the Effective Radius in Blood Vessels after Exposure of Low Extremities to Periodical Mechanical Vibrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Nahirniak ◽  
N Kusniak ◽  
I Kashperuk-Karpiuk ◽  
L Andrushchak ◽  
T Protsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures

Background: Previous studies demonstrated a health improving effect in patients underwent an automatic vibratory massage taking 10 minutes. One of reasons that may explain a healing effect of the automatic massage is a stimulated increase in both blood circulation through vascular system and effective size of blood vessels.Objective: This paper aims to quantify a contribution of the automatic mechanical massage of low extremities into the observed reduction in arterial blood pressure and explain this effect.Material and Methods: In this study, the low extremities of male and female patients were exposed to low frequency (12 Hz) mechanical vibrations for 10 minutes and the change in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures before and after this procedure was measured.Results: The experiments showed there is a reduction in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures after vibrational massage. There were corresponding 3.5±1.8 mmHg and 3.1±1.6 mm Hg arterial blood pressure reductions among men and 5.5±3.2 mm Hg and 2.2±1.2 mm Hg reductions among women.Conclusion: We explained this effect by increasing effective radius of blood vessels. Based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, we made estimates for the relative change in the effective radius of blood vessels. They gave the 0.7% and 1.3% increases in the effective radius of blood vessels in low extremities in men during systole and diastole, respectively, and the corresponding 1.1% and 0.6% increases in the effective radius of blood vessels of low extremities in women during the same periods.

Vagal cardiac function and arterial blood pressure stability

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. H1870-H1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Walter Wray ◽  
Kevin J. Formes ◽  
Martin S. Weiss ◽  
Albert H. O-Yurvati ◽  
Peter B. Raven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antimuscarinic Agents ◽  
Cuff Deflation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

This study was designed to investigate the importance of vagal cardiac modulation in arterial blood pressure (ABP) stability before and after glycopyrrolate or atropine treatment. Changes in R-R interval (RRI) and ABP were assessed in 10 healthy young (age, 22 ± 1.8 yr) volunteers during graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) before and after muscarinic cholinergic (MC) blockade. Transient hypertension was induced by phenylephrine (1 μg/kg body wt), whereas systemic hypotension was induced by bilateral thigh cuff deflation after a 3-min suprasystolic occlusion. Power spectral densities of systolic [systolic blood pressure (SBP)] and diastolic ABP variability were examined. Both antimuscarinic agents elicited tachycardia similarly without significantly affecting baseline ABP. The increase in SBP after phenylephrine injection (+14 ± 2 mmHg) was significantly augmented with atropine (+26 ± 2 mmHg) or glycopyrrolate (+27 ± 3 mmHg) and associated with a diminished reflex bradycardia. The decrease in SBP after cuff deflation (−9.2 ± 1.2 mmHg) was significantly greater after atropine (−15 ± 1 mmHg) or glycopyrrolate (−14 ± 1 mmHg), with abolished reflex tachycardia. LBNP significantly decreased both SBP and RRI. However, after antimuscarinic agents, the reduction in SBP was greater ( P < 0.05) and was associated with less tachycardia. Antimuscarinic agents reduced ( P < 0.05) the low-frequency (LF; 0.04–0.12 Hz) power of ABP variability at rest. The LF SBP oscillation was significantly augmented during LBNP, which was accentuated ( P < 0.05) after antimuscarinic agents and was correlated ( r = −0.79) with the decrease in SBP. We conclude that antimuscarinic agents compromised ABP stability by diminishing baroreflex sensitivity, reflecting the importance of vagal cardiac function in hemodynamic homeostasis. The difference between atropine and glycopyrrolate was not significant.

Comparative study on effect of neutral spinal bath and neutral spinal spray on blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability in healthy volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundhati Goley ◽  
A. Mooventhan ◽  
NK. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Instantaneous Heart Rate

Abstract Background Hydrotherapeutic applications to the head and spine have shown to improve cardiovascular and autonomic functions. There is lack of study reporting the effect of either neutral spinal bath (NSB) or neutral spinal spray (NSS). Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of both NSB and NSS in healthy volunteers. Methods Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and randomized into either neutral spinal bath group (NSBG) or neutral spinal spray group (NSSG). A single session of NSB, NSS was given for 15 min to the NSBG and NSSG, respectively. Assessments were taken before and after the interventions. Results Results of this study showed a significant reduction in low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) (LF/HF) ratio of heart rate variability (HRV) spectrum in NSBG compared with NSSG (p=0.026). Within-group analysis of both NSBG and NSSG showed a significant increase in the mean of the intervals between adjacent QRS complexes or the instantaneous heart rate (HR) (RRI) (p=0.002; p=0.009, respectively), along with a significant reduction in HR (p=0.002; p=0.004, respectively). But, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.037) and pulse pressure (PP) (p=0.017) was observed in NSSG, while a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.008), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (p=0.008) and LF/HF ratio (p=0.041) was observed in NSBG. Conclusion Results of the study suggest that 15 min of both NSB and NSS might be effective in reducing HR and improving HRV. However, NSS is particularly effective in reducing SBP and PP, while NSB is particularly effective in reducing DBP and MAP along with improving sympathovagal balance in healthy volunteers.

The Study of Dynamic Response to Acute Hemorrhage by Pulse Spectrum Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hsin Chang ◽  
Chia I Tsai ◽  
Jaung Geng Lin ◽  
Yue Der Lin ◽  
Tsai Chung Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Pulse Spectrum ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Before And After

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holds that Blood and Qi are fundamental substances in the human body for sustaining normal vital activity. The theory of Qi, Blood and Zang-Fu contribute the most important theoretical basis of human physiology in TCM. An animal model using conscious rats was employed in this study to further comprehend how organisms survive during acute hemorrhage by maintaining the functionalities of Qi and Blood through dynamically regulating visceral physiological conditions. Pulse waves of arterial blood pressure before and after the hemorrhage were taken in parallel to pulse spectrum analysis. Percentage differences of mean arterial blood pressure and harmonics were recorded in subsequent 5-minute intervals following the hemorrhage. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's test for pairwise comparisons. Results showed that, within 30 minutes following the onset of acute hemorrhage,the reduction of mean arterial blood pressure was improved from 62% to 20%. Throughout the process, changes to the pulse spectrum appeared to result in a new balance over time. The percentage differences of the second and third harmonics, which were related to kidney and spleen, both increased significantly than baseline and towards another steady state. Apart from the steady state resulting from the previous stage, the percentage difference of the 4th harmonic decreased significantly to another steady state. The observed change could be attributed to the induction of functional Qi, and is a result of Qi-Blood balancing activity that organisms hold to survive against acute bleeding.

scholarly journals Interrelationships between pulse arrival time and arterial blood pressure during postural transitions before and after spaceflight

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057
Author(s):  
Katelyn N. Wood ◽  
Danielle K. Greaves ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Pulse Arrival Time ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Pulse Arrival

We tested the hypothesis that acute changes in arterial blood pressure (BP) when astronauts moved between supine and standing posture before and after spaceflight can be tracked by beat-to-beat changes in pulse arrival time (PAT). Nine male crewmembers (45 ± 7 yr of age; mean mission length: 165 ± 13 days) participated in a standardized supine-to-sit-to-stand test (5 min-30 s-3 min) before flight and 1 day following return to Earth with continuous monitoring of ECG and finger arterial BP. PAT was determined from the R-wave of the ECG to the foot of the BP waveform. On average, modest cardiovascular deconditioning was detected by ~10 beats/min increase in heart rate in supine and standing posture after spaceflight ( P < 0.05). When looking across the full data collection period, the r2 values between inverse of PAT (1/PAT) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) varied considerably between individuals (SBP preflight 0.142 ± 0.186, postflight 0.262 ± 0.243). Individual variability was consistent during periods of transition (SBP preflight 0.284 ± 0.324, postflight 0.297 ± 0.269); however, when SBP dropped >20 mmHg, r2 was significant in 5 of 5 preflight tests and 5 of 7 postflight tests. The standard error of the estimate based on a simple linear model during both pre- and postflight testing was 9–11 mmHg for SBP and 6–7 mmHg for DBP. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that PAT tracked dynamic changes in BP. PAT as a noninvasive, nonintrusive surrogate for changes in BP could be developed as an indicator of risk for syncope on return from spaceflight or other Earth-based applications. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Astronauts returning to Earth’s gravity are at increased risk of low blood pressure on standing. Arterial pulse arrival time tracked the decrease in arterial blood pressure on moving from supine to upright posture. Nonintrusive technology providing indicators sensitive to acute changes in blood pressure could act as an early warning system to identify risk for hypotension that place astronauts, or people on Earth, at risk of impaired cognitive performance, fainting, and falls.

Cardiopulmonary reflexes and blood pressure in exercising sinoaortic-denervated dogs

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1417-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Daskalopoulos ◽  
J. T. Shepherd ◽  
S. C. Walgenbach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Receptors

To examine the role of cardiopulmonary receptors in arterial blood pressure regulation during and after exercise, conscious dogs with chronic sinoaortic denervation were subjected to 12 min of light exercise and 12 min of exercise that increased in severity every 3 min. Hemodynamic measurements were made before and after interruption of cardiopulmonary afferents by bilateral cervical vagotomy. During both exercise protocols, after an initial transient decrease, the arterial blood pressure remained close to resting values before and after vagotomy. On cessation of the graded exercise, the arterial blood pressure did not change before, but a rapid and sustained increase in pressure occurred after vagotomy. At the time of this increase the cardiac output and heart rate were returning rapidly to the resting level. The study demonstrates that in the chronic absence of arterial baroreflexes, vagal afferents prevent a rise in arterial blood pressure after vigorous exercise presumably by the action of cardiopulmonary receptors causing a rapid dilatation of systemic resistance vessels.

scholarly journals Cerebral Blood Flow Changes during Cortical Spreading Depression are Not Altered by Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Gang Zhang ◽  
Michael Chopp ◽  
Kenneth I. Maynard ◽  
Michael A. Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cortical Spreading Depression ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

CBF increases concomitantly with cortical spreading depression (CSD). We tested the hypothesis that CBF changes during CSD are mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Male Wistar rats (n = 23) were subjected to KCl-induced CSD before and after administration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors N-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA) or N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and in nontreated animals. CBF, CSD, and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded. Brain NOS activity was measured in vitro in control, L-NNA, and L-NAME-treated rats by the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline. Our data show that the NOS inhibitors did not significantly change regional CBF (rCBF) during CSD, even though cortical NOS activity was profoundly depressed and systemic arterial blood pressure was significantly increased. Our data suggest that rCBF during CSD in rats is not regulated by NO.

Strength training reduces arterial blood pressure but not sympathetic neural activity in young normotensive subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2212-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Carter ◽  
Chester A. Ray ◽  
Emily M. Downs ◽  
William H. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Body Resistance

The effects of resistance training on arterial blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest have not been established. Although endurance training is commonly recommended to lower arterial blood pressure, it is not known whether similar adaptations occur with resistance training. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that whole body resistance training reduces arterial blood pressure at rest, with concomitant reductions in MSNA. Twelve young [21 ± 0.3 (SE) yr] subjects underwent a program of whole body resistance training 3 days/wk for 8 wk. Resting arterial blood pressure ( n = 12; automated sphygmomanometer) and MSNA ( n = 8; peroneal nerve microneurography) were measured during a 5-min period of supine rest before and after exercise training. Thirteen additional young (21 ± 0.8 yr) subjects served as controls. Resistance training significantly increased one-repetition maximum values in all trained muscle groups ( P < 0.001), and it significantly decreased systolic (130 ± 3 to 121 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.01), diastolic (69 ± 3 to 61 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.04), and mean (89 ± 2 to 81 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.01) arterial blood pressures at rest. Resistance training did not affect MSNA or heart rate. Arterial blood pressures and MSNA were unchanged, but heart rate increased after 8 wk of relative inactivity for subjects in the control group (61 ± 2 to 67 ± 3 beats/min; P = 0.01). These results indicate that whole body resistance exercise training might decrease the risk for development of cardiovascular disease by lowering arterial blood pressure but that reductions of pressure are not coupled to resistance exercise-induced decreases of sympathetic tone.

Ouabain prevents loss of autoregulation in rat pial arterioles caused by reoxygenation after a brief hypoxic episode

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kettler ◽  
B. Y. Ong ◽  
D. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cranial Window ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hypoxic Episode ◽  
Electrogenic Sodium Pump ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Arteriolar Diameter

Pial arteriolar diameter changes inversely with changes in systemic arterial blood pressure. Such changes are consistent with autoregulatory functions. These responses are reduced by a brief period of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. By using an open cranial window preparation we assessed the changes in pial arteriolar diameters during blood pressure changes in rats induced by hemorrhage and reinfusion of blood, before and after a brief period of hypoxia. The slopes of the changes in pial arteriolar diameter as a function of mean arterial blood pressure were −0.47 ± 0.26 μm/mmHg (mean ± SD; 1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) before hypoxia and −0.11 ± 0.23 μm/mmHg after hypoxia in the untreated rats. In ouabain-treated rats, corresponding slopes were −0.42 ± 0.24 and −0.46 ± 0.22 μm/mmHg. The observed protective effects of ouabain might be a blockade of the Na–K pump in the sarcolemma of the vascular smooth muscle.Key words: vascular smooth muscle, electrogenic sodium pump, metabolic inhibition.

scholarly journals Influence of periodic mechanical vibrations on human arterial blood pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 (81)) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
V. M. Nahirnyak ◽  
A. E. Branashko ◽  
I. G. Kifichuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Arterial Blood

scholarly journals Changes in Peripheral Arterial Blood Pressure After Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in Non-traumatic Cardiac Arrest Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jostein Rødseth Brede ◽  
Eivinn Skjærseth ◽  
Pål Klepstad ◽  
Trond Nordseth ◽  
Andreas Jørstad Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Aortic Occlusion ◽  
Compression Phase ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
Relaxation Phase ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be an adjunct treatment to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aortic occlusion may increase aortic pressure and increase the coronary perfusion pressure and the cerebral blood flow. Peripheral arterial blood pressure is often measured during or after CPR, however, changes in peripheral blood pressure after aortic occlusion is insufficiently described. This study aimed to assess changes in peripheral arterial blood pressure after REBOA in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest.Methods An observational study performed at the helicopter emergency medical service in Trondheim (Norway). Eligible patients received REBOA as adjunct treatment to advanced cardiac life support. Peripheral invasive arterial blood pressure and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) was measured before and after aortic occlusion. Differences in arterial blood pressures and EtCO2 before and after occlusion was analysed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.Results Five patients were included to the study. The median REBOA procedural time was 11 minutes and median time from dispatch to aortic occlusion was 50 minutes. Two patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation. EtCO2 increased significantly 60 seconds after occlusion, by a mean of 1.16 kPa (p = 0.043). Before occlusion the arterial pressure in compression phase were 43.2 (12 – 112) mmHg, the mean pressure 18.6 (4 – 27) mmHg and pressure in the relaxation phase 7.8 (-7 – 22) mmHg. Two minutes after aortic occlusion the corresponding pressures were 114.8 (23 – 241) mmHg, 44.6 (15 – 87) mmHg and 14.8 (0 – 29) mmHg. The arterial pressures were significant different in the compression phase and as mean pressure (p = 0.043 and p = 0.043, respectively) and not significant in the relaxation phase (p = 0.223).Conclusion This study is, to our knowledge, the first to assess the peripheral invasive arterial blood pressure response to aortic occlusion during CPR in the pre-hospital setting. REBOA application during CPR significantly increase the peripheral artery pressures. This likely indicates improved central aortic blood pressure and warrants studies with simultaneous peripheral and central blood pressure measurement during aortic occlusion.Trial registration The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03534011).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document