scholarly journals Introduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Sebastián ◽  
Fabio Wasserman

In this introductory article, the authors argue that major changes in the way we conceive of time and temporality that are taking place today justify the increase of studies, both theoretical and empirical, on shifts in cultural constructions of time. In this context, the authors present four articles written by members of the network Iberconceptos, where a number of time experiences in the Ibero-American world (Latin America, Spain, and Portugal) during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are discussed from a conceptual perspective.

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-374
Author(s):  
David Kennerley

AbstractMusic has been steadily rising up the historical agenda, a product of the emergence of sound studies, the history of the senses, and a mood of interdisciplinary curiosity. This introductory article offers a critical review of how the relationship between music and politics has featured in extant historical writing, from classic works of political history to the most recent scholarship. It begins by evaluating different approaches that historians have taken to music, summarizes the important shifts in method that have recently taken place, and advocates for a performance-centered, contextualized framework that is attentive to the distinctive features of music as a medium. The second half examines avenues for future research into the historical connections between music and politics, focusing on four thematic areas—the body, emotions, space, and memory—and closes with some overarching reflections on music's use as a tool of power, as well as a challenge to it. Although for reasons of cohesion, this short article focuses primarily on scholarship on Britain and Ireland in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, its discussion of theory and methods is intended to be applicable to the study of music and political culture across a broad range of periods and geographies.


1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Coad

We publish below a list of writers and journalists abducted by the security forces and numbered among the ‘disappeared’ in Argentina since 24 March 1976, the date of the military coup that installed General Jorge Rafael Videla in power. Two eye-witness accounts illustrate the way in which such abductions usually take place. Finally, Robert Cox, editor-in-exile of the daily newspaper Buenos Aires Herald, describes how independent-minded journalists and the families of los desaparecidos ( ‘the disappeared’) have been affected. The material is introduced by Index on Censorship's researcher on Latin America, Malcolm Coad.


Significance National GDP nevertheless contracted by just 1.5% in 2020 -- less than almost any other country in Latin America. Resilient remittances and exports, coupled with unprecedented policy support, have mitigated the effects of the pandemic and subsequent containment measures, leaving the country better placed for recovery than its neighbours. Impacts Enduring poverty, inequality and violent crime, and the impacts of accelerating climate change, will drive further migration from Guatemala. The government will pursue banking law reforms, to reduce risks to financial activities in the post-pandemic business environment. Infighting and corruption scandals will hinder the opposition's ability to benefit from the decline of the president's popularity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115
Author(s):  
Roberto Breña

This article provides an overview of some prominent aspects of intellectual history as practiced today in Latin America, especially regarding conceptual history. It delves into the way this methodology arrived to the region not long ago and discusses the way some of its practitioners combine it with the history of political languages, often ignoring the profound differences between both approaches. Therefore, the text stresses some of the most significant contrasts between them. In its last part, the article is critical of the purported “globality” of global intellectual history, an issue that is inextricably linked with the pervasive use of the English language in the field. Throughout, the text poses several of the challenges that lie ahead for intellectual history in Latin America.


T oung Pao ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 363-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Bussotti

By their very nature, multilingual dictionaries and lexicons are an emblem of cultural transfers. When printing widely different types of writing is necessary, they may also be precious witnesses of technical transfers and innovations in publishing and printing practice. Successfully publishing a major dictionary requires the conjunction of institutional or governmental will and adequate economic resources. This article provides an overview of the various versions of Basilio Brollo’s Dictionarium Sinico-Latinum, which served as a blueprint for several publishing projects, most of them abortive, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It introduces the various printing techniques used in these attempts, and discusses the mixed results of the editorial programs pursued in Europe, particularly in Italy and France. The Napoleonic period is significant not just because a Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin was published in Paris in 1813, but also because of the work carried out at the Collegio dei Cinese during the “French Decade” (1806–1815) in Naples. The article introduces several protagonists—both scholars concerned with publishing and teaching Chinese and publishers pursuing commercial interests—along the way.
Par leur contenu même les dictionnaires et lexiques plurilingues sont emblématiques des transferts culturels. La nécessité d’imprimer des écritures très différentes en fait parfois de précieux témoins des transferts techniques et des innovations dans les pratiques d’édition et d’impression. Concernant les dictionnaires les plus importants, l’aboutissement d’une publication nécessite la concomitance d’une volonté institutionnelle ou étatique et de moyens économiques adéquats. Cet article donne un aperçu des différentes versions du Dictionarium Sinico-Latinum de Basilio Brollo, qui fut à la base de plusieurs projets d’édition, la plupart inaboutis, aux xviiie et xixe siècles. Il évoque les différentes techniques d’impression utilisées dans ces tentatives, ainsi que les résultats très inégaux des programmes éditoriaux menés en Europe, notamment en Italie et en France. La période napoléonienne est significative non seulement en raison de la parution à Paris en 1813 du Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin, mais aussi à cause des travaux entrepris au Collegio dei Cinesi pendant la “décennie française” à Naples (1806–1815). Plusieurs protagonistes — savants soucieux de l’édition et de l’enseignement du chinois, éditeurs mus par des motivations commerciales — sont évoqués en cours de route.



1958 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Gustave Weigel

One of the constant worries of the United States, since the role of a dominant world-power has been thrust on her, is the situation of Latin America. Relations with Canada require thought and preoccupation but they produce no deep concern. Canada and the United States understand each other and they form their policies in terms of friendly adjustment. Yet the same is not true when we consider the bloc of nations stretching to the south of the Rio Grande. They form two thirds of the geographic stretch of the western hemisphere, and they constitute a population equal to ours. The dependence on Latin America on the part of the United States in her capacity as an international power is evident. What is not evident is the way to make our friendship with our southern neighbors a more stable thing than the fragile arrangement which confronts us in the present.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115
Author(s):  
Roberto Breña

Abstract This article provides an overview of some prominent aspects of intellectual history as practiced today in Latin America, especially regarding conceptual history. It delves into the way this methodology arrived to the region not long ago and discusses the way some of its practitioners combine it with the history of political languages, often ignoring the profound differences between both approaches. Therefore, the text stresses some of the most significant contrasts between them. In its last part, the article is critical of the purported “globality” of global intellectual history, an issue that is inextricably linked with the pervasive use of the English language in the field. Throughout, the text poses several of the challenges that lie ahead for intellectual history in Latin America.


Author(s):  
Victor J. Katz ◽  
Karen Hunger Parshall

This chapter looks at how mathematicians sought to understand the properties of “numbers” and in doing so pave the way for modern algebra. As mathematicians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries struggled to understand what Fermat's alleged proof of his so-called “last theorem” might have been, they, as well as others motivated by issues other than Fermat's work, eventually came to extend the notion of “number.” And, they did this in much the same spirit that Évariste Galois had extended that of “domain of rationality” or field, that is, through the creation and analysis of whole new types of algebraic systems. This freedom to create and explore new systems—and new algebraic constructs like the determinants and matrices that were encountered in the previous chapter—became one of the hallmarks of the modern algebra that developed into the twentieth century.


2021 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Julie Golia

From early periodicals to conduct books, advice in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries was largely a one-way transmission from advice giver to receiver. It also served conservative ends, reinforcing traditional gender roles to wide audiences, and soothing male anxieties about cultural change. But transformations in media and in American culture at the end of the nineteenth century paved the way for a new and strikingly modern paradigm of advice—one that was interactive, public, flexible in topic and form, and woman-centered. This chapter offers an overview of the rise of the advice column and frames its genesis in the context of the changing newspaper and advertising industries.


2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-599
Author(s):  
Francisca Gutiérrez Crocco

AbstractScholars interested in labour in Latin America have traditionally paid little attention to trade unions’ legal mobilisation. However, the increasing number of legal complaints filed by workers with labour ministries and/or the courts in countries like Argentina, Brazil and Chile calls for a more serious debate on the role that trade unions play in this process. This article focuses on the Chilean case. Drawing on various sources, it shows that Chilean unions have turned legal complaints into a weapon to gain more rights and curb employers’ power. This process has involved the strongest and most combative unions, and is due to two historical conditions: (1) the obstacles placed in the way of successful resort to more disruptive tactics; (2) the increase in institutional opportunities to report infringements of the law. Overall, the article challenges the current image of the Chilean unions by foregrounding their agency and their achievements over the last decade.


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