MicroRNA expression patterns in the bovine mammary gland are affected by stage of lactation

Identification of estrogen-responsive genes is an essential step toward understanding mechanisms of estrogen action during mammary gland development. To identify these genes, 16 prepubertal heifers were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment, with ovarian status (intact or ovariectomized) as the first factor and estrogen treatment as the second (control or estradiol). Heifers were ovariectomized at ∼4.5 mo of age, and estrogen treatments were initiated 1 mo later. After 3 days of treatment, gene expression was analyzed in the parenchyma and fat pad of the bovine mammary gland using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray. Oligonucelotide probes represented 40,808 tentative consensus sequences from TIGR Bos taurus Gene Index and 4,575 singleton expressed sequence tags derived from libraries of pooled mammary gland and gut tissues. Microarray data were analyzed by use of the SAS mixed procedure, with an experiment-wide permutation-based significance level of P < 0.1. Considerable differences in basal gene expression were noted between mammary parenchyma and fat pad. A total of 124 estrogen-responsive genes were identified, with most responding only in the parenchyma or the fat pad. The majority of genes identified were not previously reported to be estrogen responsive. These undoubtedly include genes that are regulated indirectly but also include known estrogen-targeted genes and novel genes with potential estrogen-responsive elements in their promoter regions. The distinctive expression patterns regulated by estrogen in parenchyma and fat pad shed light on the need for both tissues to obtain normal mammary development.

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Bovine mammary gene expression profiling using a cDNA microarray enhanced for mammary-specific transcripts

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 8-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Steven P. Suchyta ◽

Sue Sipkovsky ◽

Robert G. Halgren ◽

Rachael Kruska ◽

Michael Elftman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Cdna Microarray ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Cell Cycle Regulators ◽

Bovine Mammary Gland ◽

Pilot Studies

A cDNA microarray resource enhanced for transcripts specific to the bovine mammary gland (BMAM) has been developed and used in pilot studies to examine gene expression profiles in the mammary gland. One goal driving development of this resource was to shed some light on the pathways and mechanisms specifically related to bovine mammary gland growth and development. To accomplish this, gene expression patterns from bovine adipose, liver, adrenal, lymph, spleen, thymus, gut, and developing mammary tissue were compared using the BMAM microarray. We have thus identified a putative set of 16 genes being preferentially expressed in developing mammary gland. Another of our long-term goals is to elucidate the genes and pathways associated with bovine lactation and involution and to use these as a model for human mammary gland development as it relates to human breast cancer risks. To begin this process, we conducted a pilot study, comparing gene expression profiles of lactating bovine mammary tissue against nonlactating tissue on the BMAM microarray. Our results have yielded many novel and interesting genes exhibiting differential expression in lactating mammary tissue, including oncogenes (VAV3, C-myc), mediators of apoptosis (Caspase 8), and cell cycle regulators (LASP1).

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Adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin binding protein (AM-BP) in the bovine mammary gland and milk: Effects of stage of lactation and experimental intramammary E. coli infection

Domestic Animal Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.02.004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 138-154

Author(s):

Ted H. Elsasser ◽

Anthony V. Capuco ◽

Thomas J. Caperna ◽

Alfredo Martínez ◽

Frank Cuttitta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Bovine Mammary Gland ◽

E Coli ◽

Stage Of Lactation

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0741 Effect of intrammamary infusion of chitosan hydrogels on bovine mammary gland involution after drying-off

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-0741 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 355-356

Author(s):

S. Lanctot ◽

X. Zhao ◽

P. Fustier ◽

A. Taherian ◽

B. Bisakowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Bovine Mammary Gland ◽

Mammary Gland Involution ◽

Chitosan Hydrogels

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Cardiac remodeling and pre-eclampsia: an overview of microRNA expression patterns

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.17516 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 310-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Z. Mohseni ◽

M. E. A. Spaanderman ◽

J. Oben ◽

M. Calore ◽

E. Derksen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Remodeling ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Microrna Expression

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Identification of altered MicroRNA expression patterns in synovial sarcoma

Genes Chromosomes and Cancer ◽

10.1002/gcc.20837 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Masanori Hisaoka ◽

Atsuji Matsuyama ◽

Yuichi Nagao ◽

Lan Luan ◽

Toshihiko Kuroda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synovial Sarcoma ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Microrna Expression

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Regulation of Mammary Gland Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones During the Transition from Pregnancy to Lactation

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.3181/0803-rm-85 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 233 (10) ◽

pp. 1309-1314 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. V. Capuco ◽

E. E. Connor ◽

D. L. Wood

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽

Physiological State ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Type I ◽

Hormone Activity ◽

Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽

Copy Numbers

Thyroid hormones are galactopoietic and help to establish the mammary gland’s metabolic priority during lactation. Expression patterns for genes that can alter tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone activity were evaluated in the mammary gland and liver of cows at 53, 35, 20, and 7 days before expected parturition, and 14 and 90 days into the subsequent lactation. Transcript abundance for the three isoforms of iodothyronine deiodinase, type I ( DIO1), type II ( DIO2) and type III ( DIO3), thyroid hormone receptors alpha1 ( TRα 1), alpha2 ( TRα 2) and beta1 ( TRβ 1), and retinoic acid receptors alpha ( RXRα) and gamma ( RXRγ), which act as coregulators of thyroid hormone receptor action, were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The DIO3 is a 5-deiodinase that produces inactive iodothyronine metabolites, whereas DIO1 and DIO2 generate the active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, from the relatively inactive precursor, thyroxine. Low copy numbers of DIO3 transcripts were present in mammary gland and liver. DIO2 was the predominant isoform expressed in mammary gland and DIO1 was the predominant isoform expressed in liver. Quantity of DIO1 mRNA in liver tissues did not differ with physiological state, but tended to be lowest during lactation. Quantity of DIO2 mRNA in mammary gland increased during lactation ( P < 0.05), with copy numbers at 90 days of lactation 6-fold greater than at 35 and 20 days prepartum. When ratios of DIO2/DIO3 mRNA were evaluated, the increase was more pronounced (>100-fold). Quantity of TRβ 1 mRNA in mammary gland increased with onset of lactation, whereas TRα 1 and TRα 2 transcripts did not vary with physiological state. Conversely, quantity of RXRα mRNA decreased during late gestation to low levels during early lactation. Data suggest that increased expression of mammary TRβ 1 and DIO2, and decreased RXRα, provide a mechanism to increase thyroid hormone activity within the mammary gland during lactation.

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Isolation and characterization of plasma membrane from lactating bovine mammary gland

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes ◽

10.1016/0005-2736(82)90196-1 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 689 (1) ◽

pp. 121-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Choemon Kanno ◽

Hiroyuki Hattori ◽

Kunio Yamauchi

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Bovine Mammary Gland ◽

Isolation And Characterization

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Histochemical localization and possible antibacterial role of xanthine oxidase in the bovine mammary gland

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900025814 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Robert A. Collins ◽

Keith R. Parsons ◽

Terry R. Field ◽

A. John Bramley

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Histochemical Localization ◽

Bovine Mammary Gland ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

Antibacterial Assay ◽

Secretory Tissue ◽

Teat Canal

SummaryXanthine oxidase (XO) was demonstrated to be present in the teat canal and secretory tissue of the bovine mammary gland by histochemical techniques. Homogenates of these tissues were able to replace XO in an antibacterial assay with Streptococcus uberis. The action of XO on its substrate hypoxanthine was shown to provide an essential component for anti-streptococcal activity mediated by lactoperoxidase. A mechanism is proposed whereby the interaction of XO, lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate may provide antibacterial activity in the teat canal.

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