scholarly journals Effect of priming and different initial soil moisture on desi chickpea ICCV 95107 (Cicer arietinum L.) dry matter production (kg/ha)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Kamithi K.D ◽  
Kibe A. M. ◽  
Wachira F.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Initial Soil

Technologies such as seed priming have been reported to result in early and uniform crop germination, enhancing optimum crop stand and establishment, eventually leading to optimal crop yields in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs). This study, therefore, was initiated to evaluate the dry matter production of chickpea under different priming methods, varying priming durations and different initial soil moisture levels. Field experiments were carried out at Mwea Irrigation Agricultural Development Centre (MIAD) farm Kirinyaga County, Kenya during 2012/2013 seasons. A split plot experimental design was used to test effects of no priming, hydro priming and halo priming at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % NaCl2 concentration) and at 8, 10 and 12 hours priming duration on germination and growth of desi chickpea ICCV 95107. Altogether, the trial comprised 13 treatment combinations replicated three times with pre-sowing irrigation to soils at field capacity (FC) (100%), 75 %, 50 % and 25 %. Data was collected at growth stages of 25,50,75,90 and 105 days after sowing (DAS). The highest dry matter (DM) yields of 5001.1 and 3973.0 kg/ha was realized under 100 % FC at 105 DAS in season I and II, respectively. Dry matter accumulation (kg/ha) increased from 25 DAS to 105 DAS in both season under all pre sowing irrigation conditions, which correlates to growth stages. Dry matter also increased with increased pre sowing irrigation from 25% FC to 100% FC, and at every stage of growth. Halo priming for 8 hours with 0.2% NaCl2 distilled water solution gave the highest DM at all stages of growth (P ≤ 0.05). Significantly higher DM yields (P ≤ 0.05) were produced at 25% FC pre sowing irrigation with no priming (6500.0 kg/ha) and 0.2% NaCl2 for 12 hours (5900.0 kg/ha) by 90 DAS D during the wet season (SI). Dry matter ranged from 6440.0kg/ha at 50% FC- 0.2% NaCl2 for 8 hours to 6713.0kg/ha at 75% FC- 0.1% NaCl2 for 10 hours 6970.0 kg/ha at 0.2% NaCl2 for 8 hours. During the drier season (SII), the highest DM yields of 5017.0 and 4285.0 kg/ha were realized from 100% FC pre-sowing irrigation and priming of 0.2% NaCl2 for 12 hours and 0.2% NaCl2 for 10 hours, respectively. Therefore, adequate soil moisture of over 75% FC is necessary if effectiveness of priming 0.1 to 0.2% NaCl2 for 8 to 12 hours is to be realized under clay ASALs sandy loam soils of Mwea where droughts lead to prolonged seed emergence period, leading to deterioration of the seedbed and increased soil compaction, that eventually result in poor crop emergence, establishment and poor crop yields.

scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Strategies to Increase Mungbean Yield in Climatically Variable Environments of Northern Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Rex Williams
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Variable Environments

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Australia has been transformed from a niche opportunistic crop into a major summer cropping option for dryland growers in the summer-dominant rainfall regions of Queensland and New South Wales. This transformation followed stepwise genetic improvements in both grain yields and disease resistance. For example, more recent cultivars such as ‘Crystal’, ‘Satin II’ and ‘Jade-AU‘  have provided up to a 20% yield advantage over initial introductions. Improved agronomic management to enable mechanised management and cultivation in narrow (<50 cm) rows has further promised to increase yields. Nevertheless, average yields achieved by growers for their mungbean crops remain less than 1 t/ha, and are much more variable than other broad acre crops.  Further increases in yield and crop resilience in mungbean are vital. In this review, opportunities to improve mungbean have been analysed at four key levels including phenology, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into grain yield. Improving the prediction of phenology in mungbean may provide further scope for genetic improvements that better match crop duration to the characteristics of target environments. There is also scope to improve grain yields by increasing dry matter production through the development of more efficient leaf canopies. This may introduce additional production risks as dry matter production depends on the amount of available water, which varies considerably within and across growing regions in Australia. Improving crop yields by exploiting photo-thermal sensitivities to increase dry matter is likely a less risky strategy for these variable environments. Improved characterisation of growing environments using modelling approaches could also better define and identify the risks of major abiotic constraints. This would assist in optimising breeding and management strategies to increase grain yield and crop resilience in mungbean for the benefit of growers and industry.

Effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice (Var. ADT-36) plants at different growth stages

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
P. M. Arthanari ◽  
P. Gnanamoorthy ◽  
S. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during the Rabi (November 1997-March 1998) and Kharif (July 1998-November 1998) seasons to identify the effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice plant (Variety ADT-36) at different growth stages. Furnace slag was applied as a silicon source at 2 t/ha at the panicle initiation stage along with other nutrients. The dry matter production was recorded at the active tillering, panicle initiation, booting, flowering, one week after flowering and maturity stages in both the seasons. The total dry matter production was greater in the Kharif season than in the Rabi season. The application of slag at the panicle initiation stage along with N and K at the flowering stage had a significant influence over the dry matter production. A similar trend was observed in both the seasons. The silicon uptake was recorded at the panicle initiation and maturity stages. About 30-40% of the silicon absorbed during the early stages and the maturity stage was present in the shoot, whereas 20-30 % of the silicon absorbed during the maturity stages was present in the leaf blades. Based on the results, it is concluded that the supply of silicon during the panicle initiation stage is most important for plant growth.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Production and Partitioning in Different Plant Parts of Rice Cultivars under Irrigation Regimes and Systems of Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Venkataravana Nayaka ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
R. Mahender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crop Growth Stages

Background: Growth and yield characteristics of genotypes depend on genetic and environmental factors. Among the different production factors, varietal selection at any location plays an important role. Proper crop management depends on the growth characteristics of various varieties to get maximum benefit from new genetic material. Among the different water- saving irrigation methods in rice, the most widely adopted is alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Many of the rice cultivars vary in their performance under different systems of cultivation.Methods: A field experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil at Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. to study the “productivity and water use efficiency of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation” The treatments consisted of two irrigation regimes Alternate wetting and drying and Saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Drum Seeding (DS) and Normal transplanting (NTP) as sub plot treatments and four Cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications.Result: At 60, 90 DAS/DAT and harvest significantly dry matter production (DMP) was recorded with DRR Dhan 43 cultivar (607, 4320 and 11548 kg ha-1 respectively in pooled means of both 2017 and 2018) than other cultivars. Whereas MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 recorded on par dry matter production values at all the crop growth stages during both the years of study. However, DRR Dhan 42 produced the lowest dry matter production compared to other genotypes. DRR Dhan 43 recorded higher dry matter accumulation (g m-2) in root, stem and leaves at all the crop growth stages, during both the years of the study over other cultivars. Alternative wetting and drying method of irrigation recorded significantly higher DMP at all the growth stages of rice (60, 90 DAS/DAT and at harvest) except at 30 DAS/DAT during both 2017 and 2018 as compared to saturation. SRI recorded significantly higher DMP as compared to normal transplanting; however, it was comparably at par with drum seeding at all the growth stages.

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of High-Yielding Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Grown in a Sandy Soil1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Halevy ◽  
A. Hartzook
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Growth and NPK uptake of peanut of cultivar Shulamit (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy soil (Xeropsamment - Torripsamment) was investigated under favorable semi-arid conditions conducive to high yields. The rate of dry matter production was slow until flowering at 44 days after planting when only 6% of the total dry matter had been produced. From flowering until 111 days. 58% of the total dry matter was produced with an average rate of 97 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Thereafter, from 112 days until 128 days, at the pod ripening stage, the rate was 233 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Total dry matter production was 11,200 kg ha-1, of which 54% was in the leaves and stems and 46% in the pods. The pod dry matter yield was 5200 kg ha-1. The total uptake of N and P followed generally that of dry matter production, whereas highest K uptake occurred at 128 days and then decreased by 26% at harvest time. The total uptake of N, P, and K was 300, 27 and 244 kg ha-1, respectively. At 128 days the N, P, and K in the pods was 63, 71, and 16% of the total uptake of N, P, and K, respectively.

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