The Political Economy of Standards: Does MRLs Matter in Cottonseed and its Trade?

In this paper, we introduce three indices of trade which are consequently applied to the case maximum residue level, MRLs of pesticide. The aggregation indices of NTM i.e Li and Beghin index of trade, Heterogeneous index of trade (HIT) and actual heterogeneous index of trade (AHIT) regulations to compute their protectionism relative to international standards. The application of indices to Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) affecting cottonseed and its by-product i.e crude cottonseed oil and refined cottonseed oil, using a science-based standards Codex Alimentarius. In this analysis, the main aim of the article is to show the response of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) adopted by 50 importing countries on exports of the cottonseed commodities for the year 2005 to 2014. In this study, we estimate the augmented gravity model using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson regression estimators. The results show that maximum residue limits (MRLs) have a trade increasing effect on exports of the cottonseed commodities.

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The Changing Patterns of North Korea’s International Film Co-Productions Since the 1980s: A Global Value Chain Approach

European Journal of Korean Studies ◽

10.33526/ejks.20201902.83 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 83-108

Author(s):

Moon Hwy-Chang ◽

Wenyang Yin

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

North Korea ◽

Film Industry ◽

International Standards ◽

The Political ◽

Global Value Chain ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Film Productions

Although North Korea is one of the most closed countries in the world, it has long been pursuing international cooperation with other countries in order to upgrade the quality of its film industry to international standards. Preceding studies on this topic have mainly focused on the political influences behind filmmaking in general and very few studies have exclusively dealt with North Korea’s international co-productions. In this respect, in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the internalization strategy of North Korea’s film productions, this paper uses the global value chain as a framework for analysis. This approach helps understand the internationalization pattern of each value chain activity of film co-productions in terms of the film location and the methods for collaborating with foreign partners. By dividing the evolution of North Korea’s international co-productions into three periods since the 1980s, this paper finds that although North Korea has shown mixed results with different aspects of the film value chain, it has generally improved its internationalization over the three periods. This paper further provides strategic directions for North Korea by learning some of the successful Chinese experiences in the film sector regarding collaboration with foreign partners—to foster a win-win situation for all involved parties.

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Constituents of crude cottonseed oil

Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society ◽

10.1007/bf02635219 ◽

1926 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 153-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George S. Jamieson

Keyword(s):

Cottonseed Oil ◽

Crude Cottonseed Oil

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The Influence of Crude Cottonseed Oil in the Feed On the Blood and Egg Yolk Lipoproteins of Laying Hens

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0560468 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 468-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Robert John Evans ◽

Cal J. Flegal ◽

Charles A. Foerder ◽

Doris H. Bauer ◽

Michael La Vigne

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Cottonseed Oil ◽

Crude Cottonseed Oil ◽

Egg Yolk Lipoproteins

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PENENTUAN KADAR RESIDU TETRASIKLIN HCl PADA IKAN AIR TAWAR YANG BEREDAR DI PASAR SEGIRI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI ULTRA VIOLET

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v2i2.64 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Henny Nurhasnawati ◽

Siti Jubaidah ◽

Novita Elfia

Keyword(s):

Freshwater Fish ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Standard Addition ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Residue Level ◽

Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry ◽

Maximum Residue Level ◽

Traditional Market ◽

Antibiotic Residue ◽

Tetracycline Hcl

Tetracycline HCl is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in fish farming that aims to control diseases caused by bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and the level of tetracycline HCl antibiotic residue in freshwater fishes sold at the Segiri traditional market. The method used in this research was a standard addition ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results showed that residue level of tetracycline HCl in freshwater fish is 192,067 μg/g – 257,409 μg/g. These result was far exceeded the maximum residue level of tetracycline class antibiotics in meat and dairy based on SNI 01-6366-2000 that limit the residue not higher than 0.1 μg/g

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Modification of the existing maximum residue level for ethephon in kaki/Japanese persimmons

EFSA Journal ◽

10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4747 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Alba Brancato ◽

Daniela Brocca ◽

Chloé De Lentdecker ◽

Zoltan Erdos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residue Level ◽

Maximum Residue Level

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Deltamethrin residues applied in different formulations in staked cucumber and the actions of insecticides on the pickleworm control

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362008000300006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 321-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gilberto C de Baptista ◽

Luiz Roberto P Trevizan ◽

André A Franco ◽

Renato A da Silva

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Residue Level ◽

Concentrate Suspension ◽

Evaluation Period ◽

Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽

Maximum Residue Level ◽

Low Levels ◽

Vegetables And Fruits ◽

Sampling Times

Pesticide residues, especially in vegetables and fruits, are a reason for concern with respect to the health of consumers and workers that need to return to areas that have been treated with these agrochemicals. The objectives of this experiment were to (a) study the behavior of deltamethrin residues from different formulations on cucumber fruits; and (b) correlate insecticide contents in the fruits with pickleworm control. Treatments were as follows: (a) control; (b) three 30 mL applications of deltamethrin 25 EC 100 L-1 water (emulsifiable concentrate formulation); (c) three 7.5 mL applications of deltamethrin 100 EC 100 L-1 water (emulsifiable concentrate); and (d) three 3.75 mL applications of deltamethrin 200 CS 100 L-1 water (concentrate suspension). Samples were taken at (-1), zero, 1; 3; 5; 7, and 14 days after the last application. Residues were determined by the gas chromatography technique, using an electron capture detector. In order to evaluate insecticide effectiveness, six infestation surveys were conducted during the same sampling times. Although at low levels, the deltamethrin residues in the fruits were above the maximum residue level (MRL = 0.03 mg kg-1), even one day after the end of the safety interval (2 days), and were higher for the CS formulation. The insecticide was effective to control the pest during the entire evaluation period.

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Rate of decrease of the residual concentration of diazinon in cabbage

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9800504 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 20 (105) ◽

pp. 504

Author(s):

JR Hargreaves ◽

KJ Melksham

Keyword(s):

Initial Period ◽

Residue Level ◽

Spray Application ◽

Rapid Decay ◽

Residual Concentration ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics ◽

Maximum Residue Level

Analysis of diazinon residues in cabbages up to 14 days after the final spray application, showed an initial period of rapid decay followed by a period of slower decay, which approximates to first order kinetics. The Australian maximum residue level of 0.7 mg kg-1 diazinon for the whole cabbage was reached in 2-3 days in summer and 7-8 days in winter. The recommended Australia 14-day withholding period, combined with marketing of hearts alone, conformed to Japanese marketing requirements of 0.1 mg kg-1.

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