Malignant transformation of an optic pathway glioma without prior radiation therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett K. Zoeller ◽  
Carole D. Brathwaite ◽  
David I. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Optic Pathway Glioma ◽  
Malignant Degeneration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Optic Pathway ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
First Case

Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) arise from the optic nerves, optic chiasm, and/or hypothalamus and most commonly occur in childhood. Although these tumors can be quite challenging to manage, they are typically low-grade astrocytomas histologically, most commonly pilocytic astrocytomas. The few previously reported cases of malignant degeneration of an OPG occurred after external beam radiation therapy. The authors report the first case in the English literature of an OPG that transformed from a low-grade astrocytoma, with features most consistent with a pilocytic astrocytoma, to a malignant glioma without any exposure to radiation therapy.

Combined stereotactic split-course fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery and conventional radiation therapy for unfavorable gliomas: a phase I study

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Regine ◽  
Roy A. Patchell ◽  
James M. Strottmann ◽  
Ali Meigooni ◽  
Michael Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fine Print

Object. This investigation was performed to determine the tolerance and toxicities of split-course fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery (FSRS) given in combination with conventional external-beam radiation therapy (CEBRT). Methods. Eighteen patients with previously unirradiated, gliomas treated between March 1995 and January 2000 form the substrate of this report. These included 11 patients with malignant gliomas, six with low-grade gliomas, and one with a recurrent glioma. They were stratified into three groups according to tumor volume (TV). Fifteen were treated using the initial FSRS dose schedule and form the subject of this report. Group A (four patients), had TV of 5 cm3 or less (7 Gy twice pre- and twice post-CEBRT); Group B (six patients), TV greater than 5 cm3 but less than or equal to 15 cm3 (7 Gy twice pre-CEBRT and once post-CEBRT); and Group C (five patients), TV greater than 15 cm3 but less than or equal to 30 cm3 (7 Gy once pre- and once post-CEBRT). All patients received CEBRT to 59.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions. Dose escalation was planned, provided the level of toxicity was acceptable. All patients were able to complete CEBRT without interruption or experiencing disease progression. Unacceptable toxicity was observed in two Grade 4/Group B patients and two Grade 4/Group C patients. Eight patients required reoperation. In three (38%) there was necrosis without evidence of tumor. Neuroimaging studies were available for evaluation in 14 patients. Two had a partial (≥ 50%) reduction in volume and nine had a minor (> 20%) reduction in size. The median follow-up period was 15 months (range 9–60 months). Six patients remained alive for 3 to 60 months. Conclusions. The imaging responses and the ability of these patients with intracranial gliomas to complete therapy without interruption or experiencing disease progression is encouraging. Excessive toxicity derived from combined FSRS and CEBRT treatment, as evaluated thus far in this study, was seen in patients with Group B and C lesions at the 7-Gy dose level. Evaluation of this novel treatment strategy with dose modification is ongoing.

Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma of the Cecum: A Radiation-Associated Tumor in a Previously Unreported Site

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared C. Frattini ◽  
Julie Ann Sosa ◽  
Susanne Carmack ◽  
Marie E. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Radiation Induced

Abstract Data from the nuclear reactor explosion in Chernobyl and the atomic bomb detonations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated an association between ionizing radiation and tumoriogenesis. There is a significant association between external beam radiation and radiation-induced sarcoma. Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is a rare form of malignant fibrosarcoma that is low grade and indolent with distinct immunohistopathologic characteristics that usually occurs in the soft tissues of the extremities. A 62-year-old man from Kiev who aided in the cleanup at Chernobyl presented with crampy abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. His workup revealed a cecal mass, and the final pathology from his laparotomy confirmed sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma with metastasis to the liver. In addition to a review of the literature, we report the first case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma arising from the large bowel. Exposure to ionizing radiation from Chernobyl could have played a role in the development of his tumor.

Survival after stereotactic biopsy and irradiation of cerebral nonanaplastic, nonpilocytic astrocytoma

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dade Lunsford ◽  
Salvador Somaza ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
John C. Flickinger
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colloidal Phosphorus ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors investigated the outcome of stereotactic biopsy and radiotherapy in 35 consecutive adult patients with nonanaplastic, nonpilocytic astrocytomas who were diagnosed between 1982 and 1992. The median patient age at presentation was 32 years. All received fractionated external-beam radiation therapy (median dose 56 Gy) as the initial management strategy. Additional treatment in two patients included intracavitary irradiation with colloidal phosphorus-32. Six patients (17%) had documented tumor progression during the follow-up interval and died. Three others died of causes unrelated to their tumor. Median survival after stereotactic biopsy and irradiation was 118 months (9.8 years). Median survival from the time of onset of neurological symptoms was 148 months (12.3 years). Only three patients required delayed cytoreductive surgery. The outcome of brain astrocytomas, although improved because of earlier diagnosis and therapy, does not substantiate this tumor as having benign behavior; early recognition with neuroimaging, immediate histological diagnosis via stereotactic biopsy, and initial fractionated radiation therapy may provide the potential for longer survival for patients with low-grade astrocytomas. The majority of such surviving patients have a satisfactory quality of life, which is manifested by prolonged normal functional and employment status. The survival data reported in this prospective Phase I–II clinical trial suggest that stereotactic biopsy and radiation therapy are appropriate initial management strategies for astrocytomas.

scholarly journals Primary CNS Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Series of 2 Patients Treated with External Beam Radiation Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
Rojine Ariani ◽  
Leslie Ballas
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
External Beam Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Beam Radiation

Primary CNS extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL) is a rare low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized predominantly by small B cells, plasma cells, monocytoid cells, and scattered large immunoblasts. As a slow-growing tumor that remains localized, primary CNS MZBL carries an excellent clinical prognosis. Here, we report two cases of primary CNS MZBL successfully treated using external beam radiation therapy along with a literature review.

Risk of secondary neoplasms after external-beam radiation therapy treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas: a SEER analysis, 1973–2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adrian J. Rodrigues ◽  
Michael C. Jin ◽  
Adela Wu ◽  
Hriday P. Bhambhvani ◽  
Gordon Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
External Beam Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Secondary Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas

OBJECTIVE Although past studies have associated external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with higher incidences of secondary neoplasms (SNs), its effect on SN development from pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGGs), defined as WHO grade I and II gliomas of astrocytic or oligodendrocytic origin, is not well understood. Utilizing a national cancer registry, the authors sought to characterize the risk of SN development after EBRT treatment of pediatric LGG. METHODS A total of 1245 pediatric patient (aged 0–17 years) records from 1973 to 2015 were assembled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariable and multivariable subdistribution hazard regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of demographic, tumor, and treatment-related covariates. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics. Cumulative incidence analyses measured the time to, and rate of, SN development, stratified by receipt of EBRT and controlled for competing mortality risk. The Fine and Gray semiparametric model was used to estimate future SN risk in EBRT- and non–EBRT-treated pediatric patients. RESULTS In this study, 366 patients received EBRT and 879 did not. Forty-six patients developed SNs after an LGG diagnosis, and 27 of these patients received EBRT (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.90–6.95; p < 0.001). For patients alive 30 years from the initial LGG diagnosis, the absolute risk of SN development in the EBRT-treated cohort was 12.61% (95% CI 8.31–13.00) compared with 4.99% (95% CI 4.38–12.23) in the non–EBRT-treated cohort (p = 0.013). Cumulative incidence curves that were adjusted for competing events still demonstrated higher rates of SN development in the EBRT-treated patients with LGGs. After matching across available covariates and again adjusting for the competing risk of mortality, a clear association between EBRT and SN development remained (subhazard ratio 2.26, 95% CI 1.21–4.20; p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Radiation therapy was associated with an increased risk of future SNs for pediatric patients surviving LGGs. These data suggest that the long-term implications of EBRT should be considered when making treatment decisions for this patient population

scholarly journals Pharyngoplasty effectively relieves dysphagia from radiation-induced upper gastrointestinal tract strictures: A report of two cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Mark Tettey ◽  
Frank Edwin ◽  
Ernest Aniteye ◽  
Martin Tamatey ◽  
Gordon Offei-Larbi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Tumors ◽  
Operative Recovery ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Pharyngoesophageal strictures following external beam radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal tumors are common. The management has mainly been repeated dilatation. We report two cases of pharyngeal strictures following radiation therapy. Management modalities were repeated dilatation followed by colopharyngoplasty for the first case, and sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous pharyngoplasty for the second case. Both had uneventful post-operative recovery and have no dysphagia to solids or liquids since surgery.

Diode in Vivo Dosimetry for Patients Receiving External Beam Radiation Therapy

10.37206/88 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Yorke ◽  
Rodica Alecu ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Doracy Fontenla ◽  
Andre Kalend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
In Vivo Dosimetry ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Beam Radiation
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