Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: A Series of 78 Consecutive Patients

Background: Outcomes of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) for tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) have not been reported explicitly within any meningioma series. We present the first and largest TSM series with clinical, radiosurgical, and outcome features for 78 consecutive patients managed with GKRS. Methods: Patients who underwent GKRS for TSMs between 2005 and 2021 and had a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were included. Medical records, imaging studies, and follow-up examinations were evaluated retrospectively.Results: A total of 78 patients with a median age of 50.5 years were included. SRS was conducted as an upfront treatment for 38 patients (48.7%). The median target volume was 1.7 cm3 (range, 0.1-14.6). During a median follow-up of 78.5 months, the cumulative PFS rates of the whole cohort at 1, 5, and 10 years by Kaplan-Meier analysis were 100%, 97.9%, and 94.5%, respectively. Of 47 patients with impaired vision, improvement and/or preservation of visual acuity and visual field were achieved in 55.3% and 42.6%, respectively. No new-onset hormonal deficits were observed.Conclusions: Based on our data, SRS represents an effective and safe modality for unresected or recurrent/residual TSMs. SRS should be offered to patients who are not willing or not ideal candidates for surgery.

Absence of residual tumor tissue after Gamma Knife radiosurgery followed by resection of a vestibular schwannoma: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Late pathology after vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery is uncommon. The authors presented a case of a resected hemorrhagic mass 13 years after radiosurgery, when no residual tumor was found. OBSERVATIONS A 56-year-old man with multiple comorbidities, including myelodysplastic syndrome cirrhosis, received Gamma Knife surgery for a left vestibular schwannoma. After 11 years of stable imaging assessments, the lesion showed gradual growth until a syncopal event occurred 2 years later, accompanied by progressive facial weakness and evidence of intralesional hemorrhage, which led to resection. However, histopathological analysis of the resected specimen showed hemorrhage and reactive tissue but no definitive residual tumor. LESSONS This case demonstrated histopathological evidence for the role of radiosurgery in complete elimination of tumor tissue. Radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma carries a rare risk for intralesional hemorrhage in select patients.

KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ UNG THƯ PHỔI BIỂU MÔ TUYẾN DI CĂN NÃO CÓ ĐỘT BIẾN EGFR BẰNG TKIs THẾ HỆ 1

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị ung thư phổi biểu mô tuyến di căn di căn não có đột biến EGFR bằng TKIs thế hệ 1 và một số yếu tố liên quan đến PFS. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: Gồm 66 bệnh nhân UTP biểu mô tuyến di căn não có đột biến gen EGFR (Del exon 19 hoặc L858R exon 21) được điều trị bước 1 bằng Gefitinib 250mg/ngày hoặc Erlotinib 150mg/ngày có kết hợp với xạ toàn não hoặc gamma knife hoặc không tại bệnh viện K từ tháng 10/2015 đến tháng 1/2021. Kết quả: Trung vị PFS đạt 11,5 tháng. PFS trung vị của các nhóm dùng TKIs đơn thuần, TKIs + xạ toàn não, TKIs + gamma knife lần lượt là 11 tháng, 11 tháng và 12,7 tháng. PFS não trung vị đạt 11 tháng. Các yếu tố liên quan đến PFS là có đột biến del 19, đáp ứng tại thời điểm 3 tháng, toàn trạng tốt, không hoặc di căn 1 cơ quan ngoài não. Kết luận: Điều trị TKIs thế hệ 1 trên bệnh nhân UTP biểu mô tuyến di căn não mang lại tỷ lệ đáp ứng chung cũng như đáp ứng tại não cao, kéo dài thời gian sống thêm bệnh không tiến triển, kết quả khả quan ở nhóm điều trị kết hợp với gamma knife.

Efficacy of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Indian Experience

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic debilitating psychiatric condition with adverse impact on patient's sociooccupational health. Refractoriness to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is not uncommon. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is the comprehensively used and reviewed treatment modality in refractory OCD worldwide. In India, the past two decades of increasing GKRS availability has failed to create the necessary local awareness of its usefulness in refractory OCD. Limited native literature deepens the problem. Objective To analyze our experience with GKRS in refractory OCD, and report the safety and efficacy/long-term outcome in patients using the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Materials and Methods A retrospective review of patients receiving GKRS for refractory OCD between 2000 and 2020 was carried out. Case files of the eligible (n = 9) patients were reviewed for clinical, radiotherapeutic, and outcome data. Additionally, patients were contacted via telephone to enquire about their experiences, and to obtain retroactive consent for GKRS in June 2021. Information obtained was collated, computed, and analyzed. Results Male-to-female sex ratio was 8:1. Mean age at the time of GKRS and mean duration of OCD prior to GKRS was 30.1 ± 9.4 and 10.2 ± 5.8 years, respectively. Mean baseline Y-BOCS score was 29.6 ± 4.7. Our first patient received cingulotomy, while the rest underwent anterior capsulotomy. Median margin dose (50% isodose) was 70 Gy. Also, 23.8 ± 7.7 was the mean Y-BOCS score at the last follow-up (median = 30 months). Overall, 44.4% patients showed full/partial response (≥25% reduction in Y-BOCS score) at the last follow-up. In anterior capsulotomy (eight patients), patients with moderate/severe OCD showed better response (4/5 responders) than those with extreme OCD (0/3 responders). Single case of cingulotomy resulted in no response (<25% reduction in Y-BOCS score). No adverse radiation effects were noted. Also, 55.6% patients gave retroactive consent telephonically. Conclusion GKRS is a safe and effective noninvasive treatment modality for refractory OCD. Ventral anterior capsule is the preferred target. Maximum radiation doses of 120 to 160 Gy are well tolerated. Extremely severe OCD cases fared poorer. Proper awareness about the availability and efficacy of GKRS in refractory OCD is required in India.