Hemorrhage risk, surgical management, and functional outcome of brainstem cavernous malformations

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Shu-Yu Hao ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Function ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Developmental Venous Anomaly ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Female Ratio

Object The aim of this study was to evaluate the pre- and postoperative rehemorrhage risk, neurological function outcome, and prognostic factors of surgically treated brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) with long-term follow-up. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of the clinical data from 242 patients with brainstem CMs that were surgically treated between 1999 and 2010. Patient charts, imaging findings, and outcomes were examined. Results The study included 242 patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3 and mean age of 32.6 years. The mean modified Rankin Scale scores on admission, at discharge, at 3 and 6 months after surgery, and at recent evaluation were 2.2, 2.6, 2.3, 1.8, and 1.5, respectively. The preoperative calculated annual hemorrhage and rehemorrhage rates were 5.0% and 60.9%, respectively. The complete resection rate was 95%. Surgical morbidity occurred in 112 patients (46.3%). Eighty-five patients (35.1%) demonstrated worsened condition immediately after surgery; 34 (41.0%) and 51 (61.4%) of these patients recovered to their baseline level within 3 and 6 months after surgery, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 89.4 months, the patients' condition had improved in 147 cases (60.7%), was unchanged in 70 cases (28.9%), and had worsened in 25 cases (10.3%). A total of 8 hemorrhages occurred in 6 patients, and the postoperative annual hemorrhage rate was 0.4%. Permanent morbidity remained in 65 patients (26.9%). The adverse factors for preoperative rehemorrhage were age ≥ 50 years, size ≥ 2 cm, and perilesional edema. The risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage were developmental venous anomaly and incomplete resection. The independent adverse factors for long-term outcome were increased age, multiple hemorrhages, ventral-seated lesions, and poor preoperative status. Favorable, complete improvement in the postoperative deficits over time was correlated with good preoperative neurological function and continuing improvement thereafter. Conclusions Favorable long-term outcomes and significantly low postoperative annual hemorrhage rates were achieved via surgery. Total resection should be attempted with an aim of minimal injury to neurological function; however, postoperative deficits can improve during the postoperative course. Close follow-up with radiological examination is proposed for patients with adverse factors predictive of rehemorrhage.

scholarly journals Long-term outcome and quality of life after CNS cavernoma resection: eloquent vs. non-eloquent areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loay Shoubash ◽  
Jörg Baldauf ◽  
Marc Matthes ◽  
Michael Kirsch ◽  
Matthias Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the long-term quality of life after surgery of cavernoma. A monocentric retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients with cavernoma treated microsurgically between 2000 and 2016. The eloquence was adopted from Spetzler-Martin definition. A most recent follow-up was elicited between 2017 and 2019, in which the quality of life (QoL) was evaluated with the Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF12). Forty-one lesions were in eloquent group (EG), 22 in non-eloquent group (NEG), 3 in orbit, and 3 in the spinal cord. Postoperative worsening of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) occurred in 19.5% of cases in EG versus 4.5% in NEG. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (SD 4.6), the neurological status was better or unchanged compared to baseline in 85.4% of EG and 100% of NEG. Regarding QoL assessment of 44 patients (EG n = 27, NEG n = 14) attended the last follow-up. Patients after eloquent cavernoma resection reported a non-inferior QoL in most SF12 domains (except for physical role) compared to NEG. However, they reported general health perception inferior to norms, which was affected by the limited physical and emotional roles. At a late follow-up, the surgical morbidity was transient in the NEG and mostly recovered in the EG. The QoL comparison between eloquent and non-eloquent cavernomas created interesting and new data after prolonged follow-up. These results add value for decision-making as well as patient counseling for future encountered cases. Preoperative evaluation of QoL is recommended for future studies to assess QoL dynamics.

scholarly journals Cavernous Malformation of Brainstem, Thalamus, and Basal Ganglia

Neurosurgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paritosh Pandey ◽  
Erick M. Westbroek ◽  
Peter A. Gooderham ◽  
Gary K. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Brain Malformations ◽  
Hemorrhage Risk ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cavernous malformations (CMs) in deep locations account for 9% to 35% of brain malformations and are surgically challenging. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and outcomes following surgery for deep CMs and the complication of hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). METHODS: Clinical records, radiological findings, operative details, and complications of 176 patients with deep CMs were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 176 patients with 179 CMs, 136 CMs were in the brainstem, 27 in the basal ganglia, and 16 in the thalamus. Cranial nerve deficits (51.1%), hemiparesis (40.9%), numbness (34.7%), and cerebellar symptoms (38.6%) presented most commonly. Hemorrhage presented in 172 patients (70 single, 102 multiple). The annual retrospective hemorrhage rate was 5.1% (assuming CMs are congenital with uniform hemorrhage risk throughout life); the rebleed rate was 31.5%/patient per year. Surgical approach depended on the proximity of the CM to the pial or ependymal surface. Postoperatively, 121 patients (68.8%) had no new neurological deficits. Follow-up occurred in 170 patients. Delayed postoperative HOD developed in 9/134 (6.7%) patients with brainstem CMs. HOD occurred predominantly following surgery for pontine CMs (9/10 patients). Three patients with HOD had palatal myoclonus, nystagmus, and oscillopsia, whereas 1 patient each had limb tremor and hemiballismus. At follow-up, 105 patients (61.8%) improved, 44 (25.9%) were unchanged, and 19 (11.2%) worsened neurologically. Good preoperative modified Rankin Score (98.2% vs 54.5%, P = .001) and single hemorrhage (89% vs 77.3%, P < .05) were predictive of good long-term outcome. CONCLUSION: Symptomatic deep CMs can be resected with acceptable morbidity and outcomes. Good preoperative modified Rankin Score and single hemorrhage are predictors of good long-term outcome.

CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS OF THE BASAL GANGLIA AND THALAMUS

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A. Gross ◽  
H. Hunt Batjer ◽  
Issam A. Awad ◽  
Bernard R. Bendok
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Natural History ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Long Term Outcome

ABSTRACT CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS OF the basal ganglia and thalamus present a unique therapeutic challenge to the neurosurgeon given their unclear natural history, the risk of surgical treatment, and the unproven efficacy of radiosurgical therapy. Via a PubMed search of the English and French literature, we have systematically reviewed the natural history and surgical and radiosurgical management of these lesions reported through April 2008. Including rates cited for “deep” cavernous malformations, annual bleeding rates for these lesions varied from 2.8% to 4.1% in the natural history studies. Across surgical series providing postoperative or long-term outcome data on 103 patients, we found an 89% resection rate, a 10% risk of long-term surgical morbidity, and a 1.9% risk of surgical mortality. The decrease in hemorrhage risk reported 2 years after radiosurgery might be a result of natural hemorrhage clustering, underscoring the unproven efficacy of this therapeutic modality. Given the compounded risks of radiation-induced injury and post-radiosurgical rebleeding, radiosurgery at modest dosimetry (12–14 Gy marginal doses) is only an option for patients with surgically inaccessible, aggressive lesions.

Surgical management of pediatric brainstem cavernous malformations

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Shu-Yu Hao ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Xin-Ru Xiao ◽  
Gui-Jun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recent Evaluation

Object The goal of this study was to evaluate surgical outcomes of pediatric brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) and identify the risk factors associated with postoperative full recovery and rebleeding. Methods The clinical charts and radiographs from a series of 52 pediatric patients (37 male and 15 female; mean age 12.2 years; range 1–17 years) who underwent surgery for brainstem CMs between 1996 and 2011 were reviewed. Follow-up evaluation measures were obtained retrospectively. Neurological function was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Results The lesion locations among the 52 patients included the midbrain (n = 7, 13.5%), pons (n = 38, 73.1%), and medulla (n = 7, 13.5%). The mean duration of symptoms was 18.5 months, and the preoperative annual hemorrhage and rebleeding rates were 12.3% and 32.5% per patient-year, respectively. The mean lesion size was 2.1 cm. Gross-total resection without surgery-related death was achieved in 49 patients (94.2%). Immediate postoperative reduced neurological function was observed in 17 patients (32.7%). Surgical morbidities developed in 25 patients (48.1%) and remained in 11 patients (21.2%) after 7.9 years of follow-up. The mean mRS scores at admission, discharge after surgery, 3 and 6 months postsurgery, and recent evaluation were 2.0, 2.3, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0, respectively. The postoperative mRS scores at 6 months (p < 0.001) and on recent evaluation (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than those at admission. Postoperative rebleeding occurred in 2 patients, and the postoperative annual rebleeding rate was 0.5% per patient-year. By the most recent evaluation, 10 patients (19.2%) had achieved full recovery and all patients were either improved (n = 32, 61.5%) or unchanged (n = 20, 38.5%). The adverse predictors for full recovery included age ≥ 12 years (HR 0.230, p = 0.021), ≥ 2 preoperative hemorrhages (HR 0.124, p = 0.048), and poor preoperative status (HR 0.197, p = 0.040). An HR < 1 predicted poor complete recoveries. The single risk factor predicting postoperative rebleeding was incomplete resection (χ2 = 4.340, p = 0.037). Conclusions Fair outcomes for pediatric brainstem CMs could be obtained through surgery, but only a few patients achieved full recovery. Thus, to minimize surgical morbidity, surgical planning must be tailored to individual patients in all cases in which an operation is warranted. Complete resection must be attempted to reduce the risk of postoperative rebleeding. The predictors associated with complete postoperative recovery were referential for determining treatment.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment and outcome of cerebral cavernomas – a 10 years’ experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
A. Giovani ◽  
Aurelia Sandu ◽  
Angela Neacsu ◽  
R.M. Gorgan
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are congenital low flow angiographic occult vascular lesions with a high tencency to bleeding. The prevalence of cerebral cavernous vascular malformations is estimated to be 0.4% to 0.9%.2,7 CMs in deep locations, including the brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia, account for 9% to 35% of all malformations in the brain. We performed a retrospective 10 years study on 130 operated cerebral cavernomas and discussed the clinical status at presentation, the choice and timing of the surgical approach and the short and longterm follow up. The 130 operated cases were divided into a supratentorial 102 (78.46%) group and an infratantorial group 28 (21.53%). The average age at presentation was 43,62 years old (17-76) and there was no sex predominance, male/female = 1,44 (77/53). Only in 14 cases (10.76%) we could find multiple cavernomas which had relatives with multiple cavrnomas, but the familial inheritance was not studied, and only the symptomatic lesion was resected. We divided the outcome results reporting for agroup with superficial respectively profound lesions. The long term follow up for the patients in the profound lesions group showed that 31/37 (83,78%) of patients had a mRS between 0 and 2, and the rest had a poor long term outcome. After surgery there was no clinical deterioration in the superficial lesions group and 22 patients from those who presented in mRS 2 showed neurological improvement on long term follow up, meaning that 82,79% of patients had a 0 or 1 mRS. Microsurgery is the treatment of choice in symptomatic brain cavernomas, total resection being the only curative treatment, capable to prevent further bleeding and to offer an efficient control of seizures.

scholarly journals Results of Endovascular Management for Mid-Basilar Artery Aneurysms

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
Z. Wu ◽  
X. Lv ◽  
B. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Endovascular Management ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Scale Scores

We evaluated the results of endovascular management of patients with mid-basilar artery aneurysm (mBAA). During a seven year period, 14 patients (mean age 39.6 years, male/female ratio 1:1) with mBAA were treated with endovascular techniques at our institute. Pretreatment clinical grades were determined using the Hunt-Hess scale. Outcome was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale scores (GOS) during a mean follow-up period of 15.6 months (range, three to 70 months). Fourteen patients with 15 mBAAs were treated endovascularly. Four (28.6%) patients died of rebleeding within one day after embolization. In ten mBAAs, immediate postprocedural angiograms showed that complete occlusion was achieved, subtotal occlusion in one, and incomplete occlusion in four. Follow-up angiographic results in ten patients confirmed complete occlusion of 11 aneurysms. Long-term outcome was good (GOS Score 4 or 5) in ten patients (71.4%) and fatal (GOS Score 1) in four (28.6%). Favorable overall long-term outcome can be achieved in 78.6% patients with mBAAs. Endovascular management of mBAAs is an effective treatment in the long-term. In our experience, the natural history of mBAAs is dismal.

scholarly journals Intramedullary spinal cavernoma: clinical presentation, microsurgical approach, and long-term outcome in a cohort of 48 patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. E19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Reitz ◽  
Till Burkhardt ◽  
Eik Vettorazzi ◽  
Frank Raimund ◽  
Erik Fritzsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Spinal Cavernoma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

OBJECT Intramedullary spinal cavernoma (ISC) is a rare entity and accounts for approximately 5%−12% of all spinal vascular pathologies. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of clinical presentation, localization, and different surgical approaches on long-term outcome in patients treated for ISC. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective single-center study of 48 cases of ISC treated microsurgically over the past 28 years. Analyzed factors included preoperative clinical history, microsurgical strategies, neurological outcome (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] grade, Epstein and Cooper grade), and the occurrence of postoperative spinal ataxia. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors influencing long-term outcome. RESULTS Preoperatively, 18.8% of all patients experienced a slow, progressive decline in neurological function and 33.3% suffered repetitive episodes of acute neurological deterioration over a time frame of months to years. Moreover, 16.7% noted the sudden onset of a severe neurological deficit, whereas 25% experienced the sudden onset of symptoms with a subsequent gradually progressive decline in neurological function. On long-term follow-up after treatment (mean ± SD, 79.3 ± 35.2 months), 70.8% of patients showed no change in neurological function, 6.3% suffered from a decline, and 22.9% improved neurologically. Thoracolumbar localization (p = 0.043), low preoperative Epstein and Cooper grade for the lower extremities (p < 0.001), and a low preoperative ASIA grade (p < 0.001) were identified as factors associated with an unfavorable outcome (ASIA Grade A-C). The rate of spinal ataxia related to surgical approach was 16.7%. CONCLUSION Postoperative neurological function in ISC patients is determined by the preoperative neurological status. On long-term follow-up after microsurgical treatment, 93.7% of patients presented with a stable or improved condition (ASIA grade); thus, definite microsurgical treatment should be considered as long as patients present with only mild symptoms after the diagnosis of symptomatic ISC.

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcome and Quality of Life After Cavernoma Resection: Eloquent vs. Non-Eloquent Areas.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loay Shoubash ◽  
Jörg Baldauf ◽  
Marc Matthes ◽  
Michael Kirsch ◽  
Matthias Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Health ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Physical Role

Abstract Objective: To analyze the long-term quality of life after surgery of cavernoma.Methods: A monocentric retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients with cavernoma treated microsurgically between 2000 and 2016. The eloquence was adopted from Spetzler-Martin definition. A most recent follow-up was elicited between 2017 and 2019, in which the quality of life (QoL) was evaluated with the Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF12).Results: 41 lesions were in eloquent group (EG), 22 in non-eloquent group (NEG), 3 in orbit and 3 in the spinal cord. Postoperative worsening of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) occurred in 19.5% of cases in EG versus 4.5% in NEG. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, the neurological status was better or unchanged compared to baseline in 85.4% of EG and 100% of NEG. 44 patients (EG n =27, NEG n = 14) attended the last follow-up. The EG had mostly comparable QoL results matched to NEG except for the physical role (RP). The study population when compared to the norms, did well on only half of the parameters of SF12. Yet, the general health (GH), vitality, physical (RP) and emotional roles (RE) were significantly inferior.Conclusion: At a late follow-up, the surgical morbidity was transient in the NEG and mostly recovered in the EG. Regarding QoL, Patients after eloquent cavernoma resection reported a non-inferior QoL in most SF12 domains (except for physical role) compared to NEG. However, they reported general health perception inferior to norms, which was affected by the limited physical and emotional roles.

Klinische Langzeitergebnisse der perkutanen transluminalen Angioplastie bei Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit

VASA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Bucek ◽  
Hudak ◽  
Schnürer ◽  
Ahmadi ◽  
Wolfram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Transluminal Angioplasty ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Background: We investigated the long-term clinical results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and the influence of different parameters on the primary success rate, the rate of complications and the long-term outcome. Patients and methods: We reviewed clinical and hemodynamic follow-up data of 166 consecutive patients treated with PTA in 1987 in our department. Results: PTA improved the clinical situation in 79.4% of patients with iliac lesions and in 88.3% of patients with femoro-popliteal lesions. The clinical stage and ankle brachial index (ABI) post-interventional could be improved significantly (each P < 0,001), the same results were observed at the end of follow-up (each P < 0,001). Major complications occurred in 11 patients (6.6%). The rate of primary clinical long-term success for suprainguinal lesions was 55% and 38% after 5 and 10 years (femoro-popliteal 44% and 33%), respectively, the corresponding data for secondary clinical long-term success were 63% and 56% (60% and 55%). Older age (P = 0,017) and lower ABI pre-interventional (P = 0,019) significantly deteriorated primary clinical long-term success for suprainguinal lesions, while no factor could be identified influencing the outcome of femoro-popliteal lesions significantly. Conclusion: Besides an acceptable success rate with a low rate of severe complications, our results demonstrate favourable long-term clinical results of PTA in patients with PAOD.

Psychopathology 8½ Years Post Parasuicide

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Curran ◽  
Michael Fitzgerald ◽  
Vincent T Greene
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

There are few long-term follow-up studies of parasuicides incorporating face-to-face interviews. To date no study has evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity at long-term follow-up of parasuicides using diagnostic rating scales, nor has any study examined parental bonding issues in this population. We attempted a prospective follow-up of 85 parasuicide cases an average of 8½ years later. Psychiatric morbidity, social functioning, and recollections of the parenting style of their parents were assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule, the Social Maladjustment Scale, and the Parental Bonding Instrument, respectively. Thirty-nine persons in total were interviewed, 19 of whom were well and 20 of whom had psychiatric morbidity. Five had died during the follow-up period, 3 by suicide. Migration, refusals, and untraceability were common. Parasuicide was associated with parental overprotection during childhood. Long-term outcome is poor, especially among those who engaged in repeated parasuicides.

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