scholarly journals In vivo measurement of the frame-based application accuracy of the Neuromate neurosurgical robot

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel von Langsdorff ◽  
Philippe Paquis ◽  
Denys Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Independent System ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Stereotactic Frame ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neurosurgical Robot ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Deep Brain

OBJECT The application accuracy of the Neuromate neurosurgical robot has been validated in vitro but has not been evaluated in vivo for deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implantations. The authors conducted a study to evaluate this application accuracy in routine frame-based DBS procedures, with an independent system of measurement. METHODS The Euclidian distance was measured between the point theoretically targeted by the robot and the point actually reached, based on their respective stereotactic coordinates. The coordinates of the theoretical target were given by the robot's dedicated targeting software. The coordinates of the point actually reached were recalculated using the Stereoplan localizer system. This experiment was performed in vitro, with the frame fixed in the robot space without a patient, for 21 points spatially distributed. The in vivo accuracy was then measured in 30 basal ganglia targets in 17 consecutive patients undergoing DBS for movement disorders. RESULTS The mean in vitro application accuracy was 0.44 ± 0.23 mm. The maximal localization error was 1.0 mm. The mean (± SD) in vivo application accuracy was 0.86 ± 0.32 mm (Δx = 0.37 ± 0.34 mm, Δy = 0.32 ± 0.24 mm, Δz = 0.58 ± 0.31 mm). The maximal error was 1.55 mm. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo application accuracy of the Neuromate neurosurgical robot, measured with a system independent from the robot, in frame-based DBS procedures was better than 1 mm. This accuracy is at least similar to the accuracy of stereotactic frame arms and is compatible with the accuracy required in DBS procedures.

In Vitro and in Vivo Measurement of Total Antiplasmin Activity

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Matsuo ◽  
Hisashi Mihara
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infusion Speed

SummaryTotal antiplasmin was measured in vitro and in vivo. In the former case, rabbit plasma was mixed with various concentrations of Urokinase (UK) and the least concentration for appearance of fibrinolytic activity was estimated. This concentration was multiplied by the plasma volume of the rabbit to give the in vitro total antiplasmin. The mean value for 14 rabbits was 4,068.6 units.In order to estimate the total antiplasmin in vivo, UK solution was infused into rabbits. The infusion speed was multiplied by the time of the first appearance of fibrinolytic activity to give the total antiplasmin, although when the infusion speed was low, fibrinolytic activity did not appear during infusion. The mean in vivo total antiplasmin calculated for 6 cases where the infusion speed was high and fibrinolytic activity was observed, was 28,699.8 units, i.e. about 7 (range, 3-11) times the in vitro value.

Influence of Platelet Membrane Sialic Acid and Platelet-Associated IgG on Ageing and Sequestration of Blood Platelets in Baboons

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Kotzé ◽  
V van Wyk ◽  
P N Badenhorst ◽  
A du P Heyns ◽  
J P Roodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Senescent Cell ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Antigen Complex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryPlatelets were isolated from blood of baboons and treated with neuraminidase to remove platelet membrane sialic acid, a process which artificially ages the platelets. The platelets were then labelled with 111In and their mean life span, in vivo distribution and sites of Sequestration were measured. The effect of removal of sialic acid on the attachment of immunoglobulin to platelets were investigated and related to the Sequestration of the platelets by the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Removal of sialic acid by neuraminidase did not affect the aggregation of platelets by agonists in vitro, nor their sites of Sequestration. The removal of 0.51 (median, range 0.01 to 2.10) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets shortened their life span by 75 h (median, range 0 to 132) h (n = 19, p <0.001), and there was an exponential correlation between the shortening of the mean platelet life span and the amount of sialic acid removed. The increase in platelet-associated IgG was 0.112 (median, range 0.007 to 0.309) fg/platelet (n = 25, p <0.001) after 0.79 (median, range 0.00 to 6.70) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets was removed (p <0.001). There was an exponential correlation between the shortening of mean platelet life span after the removal of sialic acid and the increase in platelet-associated IgG. The results suggest that platelet membrane sialic acid influences ageing of circulating platelets, and that the loss of sialic acid may have exposed a senescent cell antigen that binds IgG on the platelet membrane. The antibody-antigen complex may then provide a signal to the macrophages that the platelet is old, and can be phagocytosed and destroyed.

scholarly journals Formulation and in vitro evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying liquisolid tablets of furosemide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Dalal ◽  
Abdul Wahab Allaf ◽  
Hind El-Zein
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Usp Apparatus ◽  
Solid System

AbstractSelf-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were used to enhance the dissolution rate of furosemide as a model for class IV drugs and the system was solidified into liquisolid tablets. SNEDDS of furosemide contained 10% Castor oil, 60% Cremophor EL, and 30% PEG 400. The mean droplets size was 17.9 ± 4.5 nm. The theoretical model was used to calculate the amounts of the carrier (Avicel PH101) and coating materials (Aerosil 200) to prepare liquisolid powder. Carrier/coating materials ratio of 5/1 was used and Ludipress was added to the solid system, thus tablets with hardness of 45 ± 2 N were obtained. Liquisolid tablets showed 2-folds increase in drug release as compared to the generic tablets after 60 min in HCl 0.1 N using USP apparatus-II. Furosemide loaded SNEDDS tablets have great prospects for further in vivo studies, and the theoretical model is useful for calculating the adequate amounts of adsorbents required to solidify these systems.

Factor-VIII Inhibitor in Less Severely Affected Haemophilic Patients

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. D. Tuddenham ◽  
A. L. Bloom ◽  
J. C. Giddings ◽  
C. A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Factor Viii Level ◽  
Replacement Treatment ◽  
Viii Level ◽  
Viii Inhibitor ◽  
In Vivo Recovery ◽  
Better Than

The occurrence of factor VIII inhibitor in five mild or moderately affected liaemophilic patients is described. In four patients the inhibitor inactivated endogenous factor VIII an dtemporarily converted them to severely affected haemophiliacs with factor VIII level of 0%. In the fifth patient, a brother of one of the others, the inhibitor although more potent did not inactivate the patient’s own factor VIII and did not completely inactivate normal factor VIII in vitro. This patient responded to treatment with factor-VIII concentrate but the in-vivo recovery was reduced. The patient’s plasma was tested against a panel of normal donors but it inactivated factor VIII in each to a similar extent and no evidence for normal factor-VIII groups was obtained. In the other patients the response to replacement treatment was also better than that usually seen in severely affected haemophilic patients with inhibitor. In the two related patients the inhibitors have so far persisted but in the unrelated patients the inhibitors eventually disappeared and did not always recur with subsequent therapy. The incidence of factor- VIII inhibitor in less severe haemophiliacs (factor VIII > 3% ) in this centre is 6% suggesting that the complication is more frequent in this type of patient than hitherto recognised.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Ibuprofen Nanosuspensions for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Hedaya ◽  
Farzana Bandarkar ◽  
Aly Nada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Extent Of Absorption ◽  
Better Than

Introduction: The objectives were to prepare, characterize and in vivo evaluate different ibuprofen (IBU) nanosuspensions prepared by ultra-homogenization, after oral administration to rabbits. Methods: The nanosuspensions produced by ultra-homogenization were tested and compared with a marketed IBU suspension for particle size, in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption. Five groups of rabbits received orally 25 mg/kg of IBU nanosuspension, nanoparticles, unhomogenized suspension, marketed product and untreated suspension. A sixth group received 5 mg/kg IBU intravenously. Serial blood samples were obtained after IBU administration. Results: The formulated nanosuspensions showed significant decrease in particle size. Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone K30 (PP) was found to improve IBU aqueous solubility much better than the other tested polymers. Addition of Tween 80 (TW), in equal amount as PP (IBU: PP:TW, 1:2:2 w/w) resulted in much smaller particle size and better dissolution rate. The Cmax achieved were 14.8±1.64, 11.1±1.37, 9.01±0.761, 7.03±1.38 and 3.23±1.03 μg/ml and the tmax were 36±8.2, 39±8.2, 100±17.3, 112±15 and 105±17 min for the nanosuspension, nanoparticle, unhomogenized suspension, marketed IBU suspension and untreated IBU suspension in water, respectively. Bioavailability of the different formulations relative to the marketed suspension were the highest for nanosuspension> unhomogenized suspension> nanoparticles> untreated IBU suspension. Conclusion: IBU/PP/TW nanosuspensions showed enhanced in vitro dissolution as well as faster rate and higher extent of absorption as indicated from the higher Cmax, shorter tmax and larger AUC. The in vivo data supported the in vitro results. Nanosuspensions prepared by ultra-high-pressure-homogenization technique can be used as a good formulation strategy to enhance the rate and extent of absorption of poorly soluble drugs.

scholarly journals Insights in Behavior of Variably Formulated Alginate-Based Microcapsules for Cell Transplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Montanucci ◽  
Silvia Terenzi ◽  
Claudio Santi ◽  
Ilaria Pennoni ◽  
Vittorio Bini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Alginate-based microencapsulation of live cells may offer the opportunity to treat chronic and degenerative disorders. So far, a thorough assessment of physical-chemical behavior of alginate-based microbeads remains cloudy. A disputed issue is which divalent cation to choose for a high performing alginate gelling process. Having selected, in our system, high mannuronic (M) enriched alginates, we studied different gelling cations and their combinations to determine their eventual influence on physical-chemical properties of the final microcapsules preparation,in vitroandin vivo. We have shown that used of ultrapure alginate allows for high biocompatibility of the formed microcapsules, regardless of gelation agents, while use of different gelling cations is associated with corresponding variable effects on the capsules’ basic architecture, as originally reported in this work. However, only the final application which the capsules are destined to will ultimately guide the selection of the ideal, specific gelling divalent cations, since in principle there are no capsules that are better than others.

scholarly journals Filociclovir Is an Active Antiviral Agent against Ocular Adenovirus Isolates In Vitro and in the Ad5/NZW Rabbit Ocular Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Eric G. Romanowski ◽  
Islam T. M. Hussein ◽  
Steven C. Cardinale ◽  
Michelle M. Butler ◽  
Lucas R. Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eye Infection

Presently, there is no FDA- or EMA-approved antiviral for the treatment of human adenovirus (HAdV) ocular infections. This study determined the antiviral activity of filociclovir (FCV) against ocular HAdV isolates in vitro and in the Ad5/NZW rabbit ocular model. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of FCV and cidofovir (CDV) were determined for several ocular HAdV types using standard plaque reduction assays. Rabbits were topically inoculated in both eyes with HAdV5. On day 1, the rabbits were divided into four topical treatment groups: (1) 0.5% FCV 4x/day × 10 d; (2) 0.1% FCV 4x/day × 10 d; (3) 0.5% CDV 2x/day × 7 d; (4) vehicle 4x/day × 10 d. Eyes were cultured for virus on days 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14. The resulting viral eye titers were determined using standard plaque assays. The mean in vitro EC50 for FCV against tested HAdV types ranged from 0.50 to 4.68 µM, whereas those treated with CDV ranged from 0.49 to 30.3 µM. In vivo, compared to vehicle, 0.5% FCV, 0.1% FCV, and 0.5% CDV produced lower eye titers, fewer numbers of positive eye cultures, and shorter durations of eye infection. FCV demonstrated anti-adenovirus activity in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature of oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes in healthy rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Saha ◽  
Yutaka Yoshikawa ◽  
Hirouki Yasui ◽  
Hiromu Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Better Than

We prepared [meso-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV) tetrasodium, ([VO(tcpp)]Na4), and investigated its in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. The results were compared with those of previously proposed insulin-mimetic oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and bioavailability of [VO(tcpp)]Na4 were considerably better than those of [meso-tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV)(4+) tetraperchlorate ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4) and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. On the other hand, [VO(tcpp)]Na4 and [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]oxidovanadate(IV)(4-)([VO(tpps)]) showed very similar in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. In particular, the order of in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of the complexes was determined to be: [VO(tcpp)]Na4 ≈ [VO(tpps)] > ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4 > oxovanadium(IV) sulphate.

Surface culture of Steinernema sp. on two solid media and their pathogenicity against Galleria mellonella

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Cortés-Martínez ◽  
A.I. Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
M.R. López-Cuellar ◽  
N. Chavarría-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacterial Lawn ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The use of native entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents is a strategy to decrease the environmental impact of insecticides and achieve sustainable agriculture crops. In this study, the effect of the surface culture of Steinernema sp. JAP1 over two solid media at 23–27°C on infective juvenile (IJ) production and pathogenicity against Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated. First, the bacterial lawn on the surface of the media with egg yolk (P2) or chicken liver (Cl) were incubated in darkness at 30°C for 48 and 72 h, and 100 surface-sterilized IJs were added. Four harvests were conducted within the next 35 days and the mean accumulated production was superior on Cl (210 × 103 IJs) than on P2 (135 × 103 IJs), but the productivity decreased up to 10% when the incubation time of the bacterial lawn was of 72 h. The mean pathogenicity of in vitro- and in vivo-produced IJs were of 47–64% and 31%, respectively. It is worth noting that none of the two solid media had a statistically significant difference in IJ pathogenicity. Considering that the maximum multiplication factor of IJs on solid media was 2108 and that the pathogenicity against G. mellonella was outstanding, Steinernema sp. has a good potential for in vitro mass production.

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