Cardiovascular response to experimental spinal cord compression

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Eidelberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ectopic Beats

✓ Anesthetized, and unanesthetized decerebrate, cats were used to study the arterial pressor response to spinal cord compression. To produce a cervical compression it was necessary that the cervical cord be functionally connected to the thoracic cord, pressor response by the reverse was not true. A pressor response above 200 mm Hg systolic was associated with electrocardiographic (EKG) signs of left ventricular overload and ventricular ectopic beats. These changes were not prevented by atropine, hexamethonium, or propanolol. Both the pressor response and the EKG abnormalities were prevented by an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. The authors conclude that alpha-adrenergically mediated arterial vasoconstriction is the effector mechanism in the pressor response to increased intracranial pressure or cord compression.

Spinal cord compression by extramedullary hemopoietic tissue in sickle cell anemia

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel A. Ammoumi ◽  
Joanna H. Sher ◽  
Daniel Schmelka
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hemopoietic Tissue ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Mass Recovery

✓ The authors report a patient with sickle cell anemia who suffered from paraplegia of 18 months duration due to spinal cord compression by a hemopoietic mass. Recovery following removal of the mass was complete.

Spinal cord compression due to Masson's vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Porter ◽  
Andrew J. Martin ◽  
Conor L. Mallucci ◽  
Catherine N. Makunura ◽  
H. Ian Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors present the case of spinal cord compression in a 16-year-old boy due to the rare vascular lesion, Masson's vegetant hemangioendothelioma.

The therapeutic window for spinal cord decompression in a rat spinal cord injury model

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Shields ◽  
Y. Ping Zhang ◽  
Lisa B. E. Shields ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Darlene A. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fine Print

Object. There are no clinically based guidelines to direct the spine surgeon as to the proper timing to undertake decompression after spinal cord injury (SCI) in patients with concomitant stenosis-induced cord compression. The following three factors affect the prognosis: 1) severity of SCI; 2) degree of extrinsic spinal cord compression; and 3) duration of spinal cord compression. Methods. To elucidate further the relationship between varying degrees of spinal stenosis and a mild contusion-induced SCI (6.25 g-cm), a rat SCI/stenosis model was developed in which 1.13- and 1.24-mm-thick spacers were placed at T-10 to create 38 and 43% spinal stenosis, respectively. Spinal cord damage was observed after the stenosis—SCI that was directly proportional to the duration of spinal cord compression. The therapeutic window prior to decompression was 6 and 12 hours in the 43 and 38% stenosis—SCI lesions, respectively, to maintain locomotor activity. A significant difference in total lesion volume was observed between the 2-hour and the delayed time(s) to decompression (38% stenosis—SCI, 12 and 24 hours, p < 0.05; 43% stenosis—SCI, 24 hours, p < 0.05) indicating a more favorable neurological outcome when earlier decompression is undertaken. This finding was further supported by the animal's ability to support weight when decompression was performed by 6 or 12 hours compared with 24 hours after SCI. Conclusions. Analysis of the findings in this study suggests that early decompression in the rat improves locomotor function. Prolongation of the time to decompression may result in irreversible damage that prevents locomotor recovery.

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and electrolyte levels following experimental spinal cord injury

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Anderson ◽  
Leon D. Prockop ◽  
Eugene D. Means ◽  
Lawrence E. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Csf Lactate

✓ Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), and chloride (Cl−) levels were determined for 17 to 21 days following experimental spinal cord compression in cats. Laminectomies were performed at L-2 under general anesthesia with aseptic techniques. Paraplegia was produced by applying a 170-gm weight transdurally for 5 minutes. Significant increases in CSF lactate levels were observed on the first through ninth days post injury with peak levels (50% above normal) occurring at Day 5. The only significant postinjury CSF electrolyte changes were elevation in Ca++ concentration on Days 3, 9, 11, 13, and 15, elevation in K+ concentration on Days 9 and 11 and decline in Cl− levels on the first day. The CSF K+ increase probably reflected cellular loss of K+ from damaged tissue whereas the Ca++ rise may have resulted from increased CSF protein levels. The prolonged elevation of CSF lactate indicates that tissue hypoxia plays a role in spinal cord compression paralysis, and that there is a continuing hypoxia of metabolically active spinal cord tissue for several days post injury.

Atlantoaxial stabilization in rheumatoid arthritis

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Papadopoulos ◽  
Curtis A. Dickman ◽  
Volker K. H. Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Atlantoaxial Subluxation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operative Stabilization ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Atlantoaxial subluxation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is common. Operative stabilization is clearly indicated when signs and symptoms of spinal cord compression occur. However, many recommend early operative fusion before evidence of appreciable neural compression occurs because 1) the myelopathy in these patients may be irreversible; 2) the overall prognosis is poor once symptoms of cord compression are present; and 3) the risk of sudden death associated with atlantoaxial subluxation is increased even in asymptomatic patients. The authors believe that rheumatoid arthritis patients in relatively good health without advanced multisystem disease and less than 65 years of age should be considered for operative stabilization if mobile atlantoaxial subluxation is greater than 6 mm. Seventeen patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial subluxation treated with a posterior arthrodesis are presented. A new method of fusion, devised by the senior author (V.K.H.S.), was utilized in all cases. Indications for operative therapy in these patients included evidence of spinal cord compression in 11 patients (65%) and mobile atlantoaxial subluxation greater than 6 mm but no signs or symptoms of cord compression in six patients (35%). Thirteen patients developed a stable osseous fusion, two patients a well-aligned fibrous union, one patient a malaligned fibrous union, and one patient died prior to evaluation of fusion stability. The details of the operative technique and management strategies are presented. Several technical advantages of this method of fusion make this approach particularly useful in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Because of multisystem involvement of this disease, a high rate of osseous fusion is often difficult to achieve.

Spinal echinococcal cyst: treatment using computerized tomography—guided needle aspiration and hypertonic saline irrigation

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Spektor ◽  
John M. Gomori ◽  
Liana Beni-Adani ◽  
Shlomo Constantini
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Content Type

✓ A multilocular extradural cervical spinal hydatid cyst that causes severe spinal cord compression and quadriplegia is relatively rare and difficult to treat. In a patient with this disorder, computerized tomography—guided needle aspiration of the cyst loculations and irrigation using hypertonic saline eliminated the need for emergency surgery and provided complete resolution of the patient's quadriplegia. The subsequent course of the disease was controlled by treatment with albendazole. Magnetic resonance imaging performed 4 months after the procedure demonstrated collapsed cysts and absence of spinal cord compression.

Tophaceous gout producing spinal cord compression

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Leaney ◽  
James M. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Tophaceous Gout ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case of thoracic paraplegia secondary to extradural tophaceous gout is presented. The ability of gout to compromise bone elements, periarticular tissues, and neural elements in the vertebral column is discussed.

Serotonergic manipulations in experimental neoplastic spinal cord compression

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Siegal ◽  
Tzony Siegal
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Content Type

✓ The effects of differing strategies of serotonergic manipulation on vascular permeability, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, and the clinical course are evaluated in an experimental model of neoplastic spinal cord compression in rats. Serotonergic manipulations include in vivo inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis by p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) and in vivo blockage of serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors either by the selective antagonist ketanserin or by cyproheptadine. In paralyzed rats, the ratio of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) to 5-HT is significantly elevated in the compressed segments, suggesting that 5-HT utilization is increased. Treatment with p-CPA attenuates spinal 5-HT levels by 62.8% ± 5.1% (mean ± standard deviation) and reduces the elevated 5-HIAA:5-HT ratio to the normal value. The increased synthesis of PGE2 observed in the compressed cord is unaffected by p-CPA or ketanserin treatment but is markedly attenuated by cyproheptadine. Ketanserin reduces the 10-fold increase in spinal cord permeability observed in paralyzed rats in a clearly dose-related manner. If given at the first sign of neurological dysfunction, ketanserin delays the onset of paraplegia with the 1-mg/kg dose being clearly superior. Cyproheptadine and p-CPA also reduce the increased permeability and protract the course to paraplegia. A comparison of the effect of dexamethasone, indomethacin, cyproheptadine, p-CPA, and ketanserin reveals that they protract the disease course by 48%, 57%, 60%, 64%, and 78%, respectively. These data suggest that 5-HT2 receptors mediate some of the deleterious vascular consequences observed in the compressed spinal cord by a mechanism not coupled with PGE2 synthesis. A potential benefit of serotonergic manipulations for the acute treatment of neoplastic spinal cord compression is suggested.

A new method for testing the force of clips for aneurysms or experimental spinal cord compression

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen J. Dolan ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
New Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cosine Law ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A new method is described for the determination of force-distance curves for aneurysm clips. A dissecting microscope with a goniometer eyepiece was used to determine the angle between the clip blades as various forces were applied to open the clip. The cosine law was then used to calculate the force-distance curves. The method allows accurate characterization of different clips and is especially useful for the early detection of clip weakening.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of cervical cord compression and its clinical symptoms in community-dwelling residents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256732
Author(s):  
Toru Hirai ◽  
Koji Otani ◽  
Miho Sekiguchi ◽  
Shin-ichi Kikuchi ◽  
Shin-ichi Konno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Cervical Cord Compression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disc Level

Background Degenerative compressive myelopathy (DCM) is caused by cervical cord compression. The relationship between the magnitude and clinical findings of cervical cord compression has been described in the literature, but the details remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the magnitude and clinical symptoms of cervical cord compression in community-dwelling residents. Methods The present study included 532 subjects. The subjective symptoms and the objective findings of one board-certified spine surgeon were assessed. The subjective symptoms were upper extremity pain and numbness, clumsy hand, fall in the past 1 year, and subjective gait disturbance. The objective findings were: Hoffmann, Trömner, and Wartenberg signs; Babinski’s and Chaddock’s signs; hyperreflexia of the patellar tendon and Achilles tendon reflexes; ankle clonus; Romberg and modified Romberg tests; grip and release test; finger escape sign; and grip strength. Using midsagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the anterior–posterior (AP) diameters (mm) of the spinal cord at the C2 midvertebral body level (DC2) and at each intervertebral disc level from C2/3 to C7/T1 (DC2/3-C7/T1) were measured. The spinal cord compression ratio (R) for each intervertebral disc level was defined and calculated as DC2/3-C7/T1 divided by DC2. The lowest R (LR) along C2/3 to C7/T1 of each individual was divided into 3 grades by the tertile method. The relationship between LR and clinical symptoms was investigated by trend analysis. Results The prevalence of subjective gait disturbance increased significantly with the severity of spinal cord compression (p = 0.002812), whereas the other clinical symptoms were not significantly related with the severity of spinal cord compression. Conclusions The magnitude of cervical cord compression had no relationship with any of the neurologic findings. However, subjective gait disturbance might be a better indicator of the possibility of early stage cervical cord compression.

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