scholarly journals Epidemiological study of cervical cord compression and its clinical symptoms in community-dwelling residents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256732
Author(s):  
Toru Hirai ◽  
Koji Otani ◽  
Miho Sekiguchi ◽  
Shin-ichi Kikuchi ◽  
Shin-ichi Konno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Cervical Cord Compression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disc Level

Background Degenerative compressive myelopathy (DCM) is caused by cervical cord compression. The relationship between the magnitude and clinical findings of cervical cord compression has been described in the literature, but the details remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the magnitude and clinical symptoms of cervical cord compression in community-dwelling residents. Methods The present study included 532 subjects. The subjective symptoms and the objective findings of one board-certified spine surgeon were assessed. The subjective symptoms were upper extremity pain and numbness, clumsy hand, fall in the past 1 year, and subjective gait disturbance. The objective findings were: Hoffmann, Trömner, and Wartenberg signs; Babinski’s and Chaddock’s signs; hyperreflexia of the patellar tendon and Achilles tendon reflexes; ankle clonus; Romberg and modified Romberg tests; grip and release test; finger escape sign; and grip strength. Using midsagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the anterior–posterior (AP) diameters (mm) of the spinal cord at the C2 midvertebral body level (DC2) and at each intervertebral disc level from C2/3 to C7/T1 (DC2/3-C7/T1) were measured. The spinal cord compression ratio (R) for each intervertebral disc level was defined and calculated as DC2/3-C7/T1 divided by DC2. The lowest R (LR) along C2/3 to C7/T1 of each individual was divided into 3 grades by the tertile method. The relationship between LR and clinical symptoms was investigated by trend analysis. Results The prevalence of subjective gait disturbance increased significantly with the severity of spinal cord compression (p = 0.002812), whereas the other clinical symptoms were not significantly related with the severity of spinal cord compression. Conclusions The magnitude of cervical cord compression had no relationship with any of the neurologic findings. However, subjective gait disturbance might be a better indicator of the possibility of early stage cervical cord compression.

scholarly journals Corticosteroid Treatment for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Skeoch ◽  
Matthew K. Tobin ◽  
Sajeel Khan ◽  
Andreas A. Linninger ◽  
Ankit I. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration

Study Design: Narrative review. Objective: Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a very frequent complication among cancer patients. Presenting commonly as nocturnal back pain, MSCC typically progresses to lower extremity paresis, loss of ambulatory capabilities, and paraplegia. In addition to standard treatment modalities, corticosteroid administration has been utilized in preclinical and clinical settings as adjunctive therapy to reduce local spinal cord edema and improve clinical symptoms. This article serves as a review of existing literature regarding corticosteroid management of MSCC and seeks to provide potential avenues of research on the topic. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed in order to consolidate existing information regarding dexamethasone treatment of MSCC. Of all search results, 7 articles are reviewed, establishing the current understanding of metastatic spine disease and dexamethasone treatment in both animal models and in clinical trials. Results: Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is associated with an increased rate of potentially serious systemic side effects. For this reason, definitive guidelines for the use of dexamethasone in the management of MSCC are unavailable. Conclusions: It is still unclear what role dexamethasone plays in the treatment of MSCC. It is evident that new, more localizable therapies may provide more acceptable treatment strategies using corticosteroids. Looking forward, the potential for more targeted, localized application of the steroid through the use of nanotechnology would decrease the incidence of adverse effects while maintaining the drug’s efficacy.

Cardiovascular response to experimental spinal cord compression

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Eidelberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ectopic Beats

✓ Anesthetized, and unanesthetized decerebrate, cats were used to study the arterial pressor response to spinal cord compression. To produce a cervical compression it was necessary that the cervical cord be functionally connected to the thoracic cord, pressor response by the reverse was not true. A pressor response above 200 mm Hg systolic was associated with electrocardiographic (EKG) signs of left ventricular overload and ventricular ectopic beats. These changes were not prevented by atropine, hexamethonium, or propanolol. Both the pressor response and the EKG abnormalities were prevented by an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. The authors conclude that alpha-adrenergically mediated arterial vasoconstriction is the effector mechanism in the pressor response to increased intracranial pressure or cord compression.

scholarly journals Cervical Cord Compression With Lower Limbs Sensory Disturbance Presentation: Three Case Reports and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Cao ◽  
Yihong Wu ◽  
Weiji Yu ◽  
Weidong Liu ◽  
Shufen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Sensory Disturbance ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Sensory Disturbances

Abstract Background: Lower limb sensory disturbance presentation can be a false localizing cervical cord compressive myelopathy (CSM). It may lead to delayed or missed diagnosis, resulting in the wrong management plan, especially in the presence of concurrent lumbar lesions.Case presentation:Three Asian patients with lower limb sensory disturbances presentation were treated ineffectively in the lumbar. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cervical disc herniation and cervical level spinal cord compression. Anterior cervical discectomy surgery and zero-p interbody fusion were performed. After operations, imagings showed that the spinal cord compression were relieved, and the lower limbs sensory disturbances were also relieved. Three-months follow-up after operation showed good recovery.Conclusions:These three cervical cord compression cases of lower limb sensory disturbance presentation were easily misdiagnosed with lumbar spondylosis. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion operation had a good therapeutic effect. Therefore, cases that present with lower limb sensory disturbance, but in a non-radicular classical pattern, should always alert a suspicion of a possible cord compression cause at a higher level.

The value of decompression for acute experimental spinal cord compression injury

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen J. Dolan ◽  
Charles H. Tator ◽  
Laszlo Endrenyi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plane Technique ◽  
The Relationship

✓ A clip compression method was used to produce acute spinal cord compression injury in rats. The force and duration of the spinal cord compression were independently varied, and functional recovery of the cord was assessed using the inclined plane technique. Mathematical modeling produced a curve defining the relationship between force, duration, and functional recovery for each week after injury. The study clearly showed the beneficial effect of decompression and that increasing either the force or duration of compression, or both, caused a reduction in recovery.

Cervical cord compression secondary to epidural fibrous scar tissue around the spinal cord stimulation electrode

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
SayoaÁ de Eulate-Beramendi ◽  
Elena Santamarta-Liébana ◽  
RamonFernandez-De Leon ◽  
Antonio Saiz-Ayala ◽  
FernandoJ Seijo-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Cervical Cord Compression ◽  
Fibrous Scar Tissue ◽  
Stimulation Electrode

scholarly journals A prospective study of patients with impending spinal cord compression treated with palliative radiotherapy alone

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
L. O'Sullivan ◽  
A. Clayton-Lea ◽  
O. McArdle ◽  
M. McGarry ◽  
J. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractImpending malignant spinal cord compression (IMSCC) may be defined as compression of the thecal sac, without any visible pressure on the spinal cord itself. Although there is a perception that IMSCC patients have a better prognosis and less severe clinical symptoms than true malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) patients, these factors have never been documented in the literature.PurposeTo record the characteristics, management and functional outcome of a group of patients with IMSCC, who were treated with radiotherapy in our institution, and compare these parameters with similar data on MSCC patients.Materials and methodsData (gender, age, primary oncological diagnosis, pain, performance status and neurological status) were prospectively collected for 28 patients. Patients were then followed up post treatment to document their response to treatment and treatment-related toxicity.ResultsThe median survival of our group of IMSCC patients is similar to that of an MSCC patient. In addition, the IMSCC group exhibits significant clinical symptoms including neurological deficit.ConclusionAlthough further studies are necessary, we have found that IMSCC patients in this study share similar prognosis and clinical symptoms with MSCC patients. Clinicians should be aware of this when communicating with IMSCC patients and their families, and short-course radiotherapy should be considered.

Spinal Cord MR Diffusion Properties in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Cord Compression

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Keřkovský ◽  
Josef Bednařík ◽  
Barbora Jurová ◽  
Ladislav Dušek ◽  
Zdeněk Kadaňka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Cervical Cord Compression ◽  
Mr Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Properties
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