Choroidal epithelial cyst

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuo Koto ◽  
Dikran S. Horoupian ◽  
Kenneth Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Epithelial Cyst ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Choroidal Epithelium ◽  
Surgical Extirpation ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A supratentorial cyst in the leptomeninges of an 8-month-old infant was studied with the electron microscope. The lining of the cyst consisted of a single layer of pegshaped epithelial cells rich in organelles and glycogen. Their free border had numerous microvilli but no cilia, and their basal portions rested on a basement membrane. Tight junctions and interdigitations were frequent between contiguous cells. The blood vessels were fenestrated. Since these features characterize developing choroidal epithelial cells, we felt the diagnosis of choroidal epithelial cyst was justified. Cysts lined by choroidal epithelium may continue to secrete cerebrospinal fluid after surgical extirpation when this is incomplete. Accumulation of the fluid in the partially excised cyst bed may therefore account for recurrence of symptoms.

Fine structure of an intracerebral epithelial cyst

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitya R. Ghatak ◽  
Asao Hirano ◽  
Samuel S. Kasoff ◽  
H. M. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Epithelial Cyst ◽  
Choroid Plexus Epithelium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The wall of an intracerebral extraventricular cyst was studied with the electron microscope. The lining of the cyst consisted of a single layer of nonciliated, flattened or cuboidal epithelium similar to that in an ependyma. Unlike the ventricular ependyma, the lining cells of the cyst were bordered by a continuous basement membrane abutting on the leptomeninges or on the compressed brain tissue and thus shared some morphological similarities with the choroid plexus epithelium. Although pathogenesis of the cyst remains obscure, the fine structure of the lining cells is suggestive of their neuroepithelial origin. The occurrence of abundant pinocytotic vesicles in these cells further suggests the possibility of cellular transport of fluid to account for the continued expansion of the cyst.

Epithelial cyst of the fourth ventricle

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenshi Yoshida ◽  
Saburo Nakamura ◽  
Takashi Tsubokawa ◽  
Jun Sasaki ◽  
Tadashi Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Epithelial Cyst ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Endodermal Origin ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case of epithelial cyst in the fourth ventricle of a 4-year-old child is described. A single epithelial layer with a clear basement membrane lining the cyst wall was observed. There were no prominent histological findings to suggest a pathogenesis for this cyst based on immunohistochemical or ultrastructural studies; however, the cyst fluid contained significant amounts of carcinoembryonic antigen. It is considered that the epithelial layer lining the cyst wall was possibly of endodermal origin.

Recurrent intracranial solitary fibrous tumor with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi Miyashita ◽  
Yutaka Hayashi ◽  
Hironori Fujisawa ◽  
Mitsuhiro Hasegawa ◽  
Junkoh Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csf Dissemination ◽  
Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Mib 1

✓ Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a benign and rare neoplasm. To date, only 37 patients with intracranial SFTs have been reported. Although a number of the tumors were recurrent and some later underwent malignant transformation, none of these lesions progressed to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination. In this paper the authors report a case of SFT in which the lesion recurred several times and ultimately was disseminated by the CSF. The patient was a 63-year-old woman with multiple intracranial and spinal tumors. Fifteen years before this presentation, at the age of 48 she had been hospitalized for resection of a falcotentorial tumor. During the ensuing 15 years she underwent multiple surgeries and sessions of radiation therapy for recurrent lesions. The exclusive location of her tumors in the subarachnoid space at the end of this 15-year period indicate CSF dissemination of the tumor. The tumor that was resected when the patient was 48 years old and the latest resected lesion were analyzed by performing immunohistological CD34, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, S100 protein, and reticulin staining, and determining the MIB-1 labeling index (LI). Most of the results were identical, and both tumors were diagnosed as SFT according to a staining pattern that showed a strong and diffuse positive reaction for CD34. Nevertheless, the authors noted that the MIB-1 LI increased from less than 1% in the original tumor to 13% in the latest tumor. The increased proliferation of MIB-1 indicates that the malignant transformation could have occurred during tumor recurrence with CSF dissemination.

Evaluation of endorphin content in the CSF of patients with trigeminal neuralgia before and after Gasserian ganglion thermocoagulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Salar ◽  
Salvatore Mingrino ◽  
Marco Trabucchi ◽  
Angelo Bosio ◽  
Carlo Semenza
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gasserian Ganglion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The β-endorphin content in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in 10 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia during medical treatment (with or without carbamazepine) and after selective thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. These values were compared with those obtained in a control group of seven patients without pain problems. No statistically significant difference was found between patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia and those without pain. Furthermore, neither pharmacological treatment nor surgery changed CSF endorphin values. It is concluded that there is no pathogenetic relationship between trigeminal neuralgia and endorphins.

Acquired Chiari I malformation secondary to spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage and chronic intracranial hypotension syndrome in seven cases

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. D. Atkinson ◽  
Brian G. Weinshenker ◽  
Gary M. Miller ◽  
David G. Piepgras ◽  
Bahram Mokri
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage with development of the intracranial hypotension syndrome and acquired Chiari I malformation due to lumbar spinal CSF diversion procedures have both been well described. However, concomitant presentation of both syndromes has rarely been reported. The object of this paper is to present data in seven cases in which both syndromes were present. Three illustrative cases are reported in detail. Methods. The authors describe seven symptomatic cases of spontaneous spinal CSF leakage with chronic intracranial hypotension syndrome in which magnetic resonance (MR) images depicted dural enhancement, brain sagging, loss of CSF cisterns, and acquired Chiari I malformation. Conclusions. This subtype of intracranial hypotension syndrome probably results from chronic spinal drainage of CSF or high-flow CSF shunting and subsequent loss of brain buoyancy that results in brain settling and herniation of hindbrain structures through the foramen magnum. Of 35 cases of spontaneous spinal CSF leakage identified in the authors' practice over the last decade, MR imaging evidence of acquired Chiari I malformation has been shown in seven. Not to be confused with idiopathic Chiari I malformation, ideal therapy requires recognition of the syndrome and treatment directed to the site of the spinal CSF leak.

Effects of indomethacin and prostacyclin on isolated human pial arteries contracted by CSF from patients with aneurysmal SAH

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Brandt ◽  
Bengt Ljunggren ◽  
Karl-Erik Andersson ◽  
Bengt Hindfelt ◽  
Tore Uski
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In small human cerebral arteries preincubated with indomethacin, contractions induced by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were markedly increased. Also contractions induced by noradrenaline, but not 5-hydroxytryptamine, were augmented. Prostacyclin and its metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG)E1 reversed the contractions induced by CSF, as well as by noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and PGF2α. The findings suggest that these substances are able to counteract the influence of vasoconstrictor material in hemorrhagic CSF. If the capacity to synthesize these “protective” arachidonic acid metabolites is reduced, the resulting imbalance between contractile and relaxant forces acting on the vessel wall may lead to sustained cerebral vasoconstriction.

Surgical removal of bilateral papillomas of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles with resolution of hydrocephalus

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Gudeman ◽  
Humbert G. Sullivan ◽  
Michael J. Rosner ◽  
Donald P. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Csf Diversion ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report a patient with bilateral papillomas of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles with documentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypersecretion causing hydrocephalus. Special attention is given to the large volume of CSF produced by these tumors (removal of one tumor reduced CSF outflow by one-half) and to the fact that CSF diversion was not required after both tumors were removed. Since tumor removal alone was sufficient to stop the progression of hydrocephalus, we feel that this case supports the concept that elevated CSF production by itself is sufficient to cause hydrocephalus in patients with papillomas of the choroid plexus.

Aspergillus infection complicating transsphenoidal yttrium-90 pituitary implant

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Feely ◽  
Marta Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aspergillus Infection ◽  
Yttrium 90 ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Diagnosis proved difficult in two cases of Aspergillus infection complicating yttrium-90 ablation of the pituitary. This serious complication occurs rarely. Whatever the initial organism obtained from cases with meningitis of late onset, Aspergillus infection should be considered and cerebrospinal fluid should be cultured for fungi.

Age-related changes in the proportion of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid space measured using volumetric computerized tomography scanning

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Wanifuchi ◽  
Takashi Shimizu ◽  
Takashi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Age Related Changes

Object. The purpose of this study was to establish a standard curve to demonstrate normal age-related changes in the proportion of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in intracranial volume (ICV) during each decade of life. Methods. Using volumetric computerized tomography (CT) scanning and computer-guided volume measurement software, ICV and cerebral parenchymal volume (CPV) for each decade of life were measured and the intracranial CSF ratio was calculated by the following formula: percentage of CSF = (ICV − CPV)/ICV × 100%. The standard curve for age-related changes in normal percentages of intracranial CSF was obtained. Conclusions. Based on this standard curve, the percentage of intracranial CSF rapidly increased after the sixth decade, seeming to reflect the brain atrophy that accompanies increased age.

Cerebral oxygen and microdialysis monitoring during aneurysm surgery: effects of blood pressure, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and temporary clipping on infarction

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Kett-White ◽  
Peter J. Hutchinson ◽  
Pippa G. Al-Rawi ◽  
Marek Czosnyka ◽  
Arun K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temporary Clipping ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aim of this study was to investigate potential episodes of cerebral ischemia during surgery for large and complicated aneurysms, by examining the effects of arterial temporary clipping and the impact of confounding variables such as blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Methods. Brain tissue PO2, PCO2, and pH, as well as temperature and extracellular glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate were monitored in 46 patients by using multiparameter sensors and microdialysis. Baseline data showed that brain tissue PO2 decreased significantly, below a mean arterial pressure (MAP) threshold of 70 mm Hg. Further evidence of its relationship with cerebral perfusion pressure was shown by an increase in mean brain tissue PO2 after drainage of CSF from the basal cisterns (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.01). Temporary clipping was required in 31 patients, with a mean total duration of 14 minutes (range 3–52 minutes), causing brain tissue PO2 to decrease and brain tissue PCO2 to increase (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.01). In patients in whom no subsequent infarction developed in the monitored region, brain tissue PO2 fell to 11 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 8–14 mm Hg). A brain tissue PO2 level below 8 mm Hg for 30 minutes was associated with infarction in any region (p < 0.05 according to the Fisher exact test); other parameters were not predictive of infarction. Intermittent occlusions of less than 30 minutes in total had little effect on extracellular chemistry. Large glutamate increases were only seen in two patients, in both of whom brain tissue PO2 during occlusion was continuously lower than 8 mm Hg for longer than 38 minutes. Conclusions. The brain tissue PO2 decreases with hypotension, and, when it is below 8 mm Hg for longer than 30 minutes during temporary clipping, it is associated with increasing extracellular glutamate levels and cerebral infarction.

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