Cerebellar stimulation in man

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Penn ◽  
Gerald L. Gottlieb ◽  
Gyan C. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
New Method ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Stretch Reflexes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

✓ The effects of chronic anterior lobe cerebellar stimulation on patients with cerebral palsy have been investigated using a new method of quantifying muscle rigidity and stretch reflexes. The ankle is oscillated sinusoidally, compliance is measured at several frequencies, and electromyographic activity of the extensor and flexor muscles is recorded. In some patients stimulation can reduce rigidity and coactivation of muscles immediately or slowly over days or months. In others no change is found.

Chronic cerebellar stimulation and developmental reflexes

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Penn ◽  
Mary Liz Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
Primitive Reflexes ◽  
Developmental Scale ◽  
Motor Retardation ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

✓ The changes in motor function in cerebral palsy patients produced by chronic anterior lobe cerebellar stimulation were documented with the Milani-Comparetti developmental scale, which allows comparison between functional gains and reflex patterns. Two patients with marked motor retardation and primitive reflexes were followed serially over several months of stimulation. Using these measures, the efficiency of chronic stimulation can be assessed, although many years will be needed to evaluate its role in treating motor disabilities.

Effects on speech of chronic cerebellar stimulation in cerebral palsy

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Richard D. Penn ◽  
Sheila Schewitz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Trained Panel ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

✓ Chronic cerebellar stimulation of the anterior lobe is undertaken for relief of motor dysfunction in cerebral palsy, but the effect on speech and vocal ability has been uncertain. The present study evaluated speech before cerebellar stimulation and during the immediate postoperative period in seven severely spastic/athetoid patients with congenital cerebral palsy and one patient with traumatic brain damage. Structured listening tasks were completed in blind fashion by a trained panel of speech pathologists. Group analysis revealed no significant improvement in speech intelligibility or articulatory accuracy after stimulation. With the exception of strain/strangle vocal quality, which improved considerably, vocal characteristics were not affected by cerebellar stimulation. In three of eight patients, however, improvement in certain speech characteristics was noted.

Cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Keith Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

✓ Eight children with cerebral palsy, who had implanted cerebellar stimulators, were evaluated by a panel of six experienced physicians in a double-blind cross-over experiment with 3-week periods of real and sham stimulation. Neither the panel of physicians nor the patients could tell whether the stimulators were operating or not.

Resin sealant: a new method of methyl methacrylate cranioplasty

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yanai
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
New Method ◽  
Skull Defect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cosmetic Appearance ◽  
Good Cosmetic ◽  
Resin Sealant ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A new method of cranioplasty is described. The skull defect is exposed and multiple angled holes are drilled in the outer cortical bone around the defect. A resin plate is conventionally molded to fit the defect. After the resin plate is positioned in the skull defect, newly prepared viscous resin putty is injected into the holes around the defect. The viscous resin comes into contact with the margin of resin plate and, when it hardens, a monoblock casting of resin is formed. The resin plate is sealed to the bone. This technique has the main advantage of strength and good cosmetic appearance.

On the origin and nature of the pituitary gland capsule

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Ciric
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Observations under the operating microscope confirming the presence of a pituitary capsule are reported. This capsule envelops the anterior lobe of the pituitary, the neurohypophysis, and the pituitary stalk. It merges along the stalk with the intracranial pia mater. The origin and nature of this capsule are discussed in light of the known facts of development of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures. It is concluded that the pituitary gland capsule is a derivative of the primitive pia mater.

Infusion of intrathecal baclofen for generalized dystonia in cerebral palsy

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leland Albright ◽  
Margaret J. Barry ◽  
Michael J. Painter ◽  
Barbara Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Intrathecal Baclofen ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intrathecal Catheter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Generalized Dystonia ◽  
Fine Print

Generalized dystonia occurs in 15 to 25% of persons with cerebral palsy (CP) and responds poorly to medical and surgical treatments. Object. After the authors observed a woman whose dystonic CP was dramatically improved by continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen, they designed this pilot study to evaluate the effect of this treatment on a group of patients with dystonic CP. Methods. The authors assessed the short-term response to intrathecal baclofen infusion in 12 patients with dystonic CP. An intrathecal catheter was inserted percutaneously and connected to an external microinfusion pump. The infusion began at a rate of 100 µg/day and was increased by 50 µg every 12 hours until the dystonia abated, adverse effects occurred, or the dose reached 900 mg/day with no improvement. Two observers, one blinded and one not blinded to the patient's treatment status, viewed videotapes made before and after the infusions and graded the dystonia in eight body regions, using a 5-point scale. Overall and regional scores were compared by using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Conclusions. Dystonia diminished in 10 of 12 patients whose average daily dose of intrathecal baclofen was 575 µg. Overall dystonia scores and scores for the extremities, trunk, and cervical regions were significantly better after infusion (p = 0.003). The two observers' scores were not significantly different. Programmable infusion pumps were subsequently implanted in eight patients for long-term therapy and improvement was sustained in six (p < 0.05). Intrathecal baclofen infusion is a promising treatment option for generalized dystonia associated with CP. The effects of intrathecal baclofen infusion on dystonia can be evaluated by using short-term continuous infusions.

A method of estimating intracranial decompensation in man

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Szewczykowski ◽  
Pawel Dytko ◽  
Adam Kunicki ◽  
Jolanta Korsak-Sliwka ◽  
Stanislaw Sliwka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
New Method ◽  
Icp Monitoring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
On Line ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A new method of estimating intracranial decompensation in man is described. An on-line computer system is connected to an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring system to compute regression plots of mean ICP vs standard deviation; standard deviation is used as a measure of ICP instability. Two zones with distinctly different slopes are a characteristic feature of these plots. It is thought that the changes of slope signify intracranial decompensation.

A comparison of radiographic methods of diagnosing constrictive lesions of the spinal canal

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Judith Donovan Post ◽  
Fredie P. Gargano ◽  
Donald Q. Vining ◽  
Hubert L. Rosomoff
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sectional Anatomy ◽  
Fine Print

✓ With the advent of computerized tomography (CT), a new method of visualizing the spinal canal in cross-section has been created. Before the introduction of CT scanning, evaluation of the cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal canal was accomplished chiefly by the Toshiba unit. This study compares these two forms of tomography and discusses their relative effectiveness in diagnosing constrictive lesions of the spinal canal.

Three-dimensional angiography for radiosurgical treatment planning for arteriovenous malformations

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Colombo ◽  
Carlo Cavedon ◽  
Paolo Francescon ◽  
Leopoldo Casentini ◽  
Umberto Fornezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
New Method ◽  
Rotational Angiography ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Rotational Angiography ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Radiosurgical treatment of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) requires the precise definition of the nidus of the lesion in stereotactic space. This cannot be accomplished using simple stereotactic angiography, but requires a combination of stereotactic biplanar angiographic images and stereotactic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scans. In the present study the authors describe a method in which three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography is integrated into stereotactic space to aid treatment planning for radiosurgery. Methods. Twenty patients harboring AVMs underwent treatment planning prior to linear accelerator radiosurgery. Planning involved the acquisition of two different data sets, one of which was obtained using the standard method (a combination of biplanar stereotactic angiography with stereotactic CT scanning), and the other, which was procured using a new technique (nonstereotactic 3D rotational angiography combined with stereotactic CT scanning by a procedure of image fusion). The treatment plan that was developed using the new method was compared with that developed using the standard one. For each patient the number of isocenters and the dimension of selected collimators were the same, based on the information supplied in both methods. Target coordinates were modified in only five cases and by a limited amount (mean 0.7 mm, range 0.3–1 mm). Conclusions. The new imaging modality offers an easier and more immediate interpretation of 3D data, while maintaining the same accuracy in target definition as that provided by the standard technique. Moreover, the new method has the advantage of using nonstereotactic 3D angiography, which can be performed at a different site and a different time with respect to the irradiation procedure.

Changes in ankle spasticity and strength following selective dorsal rhizotomy and physical therapy for spastic cerebral palsy

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Engsberg ◽  
Sandy A. Ross ◽  
Tae Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Angle Data ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Fine Print

Object. In this investigation the authors quantified changes in ankle plantarflexor spasticity and strength following selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and intensive physical therapy in patients with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods. Twenty-five patients with cerebral palsy (CP group) and 12 able-bodied volunteers (AB controls) were tested with a dynamometer. For the spasticity measure, the dynamometer was used to measure the resistive torque of the plantarflexors during passive ankle dorsiflexion at five different speeds. Data were processed to yield a single value that simultaneously encompassed the three key elements associated with spasticity: velocity, resistance, and stretch. For the strength test, the dynamometer rotated the ankle from full dorsiflexion to full plantarflexion while a maximum concentric contraction of the plantarflexors was performed. Torque angle data were processed to include the work done by the patient or volunteer on the machine. Plantarflexor spasticity values for the CP group were significantly greater than similar values for the AB control group prior to surgery but not significantly different after surgery. Plantarflexor strength values of the CP group were significantly less than those of the AB control group pre- and postsurgery. Postsurgery strength values did not change relative to presurgery values.Conclusions. The spasticity results of the present investigation agreed with those of previous studies indicating a reduction in spasticity for the CP group. The strength results did not agree with the findings of most previous related literature, which indicated that a decrease in strength should have occurred. The strength results agreed with a previous investigation in which knee flexor strength was objectively examined, indicating that strength did not decrease as a consequence of an SDR. The methods of this investigation could be used to improve SDR patient selection.

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