The value of decompression for acute experimental spinal cord compression injury

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen J. Dolan ◽  
Charles H. Tator ◽  
Laszlo Endrenyi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plane Technique ◽  
The Relationship

✓ A clip compression method was used to produce acute spinal cord compression injury in rats. The force and duration of the spinal cord compression were independently varied, and functional recovery of the cord was assessed using the inclined plane technique. Mathematical modeling produced a curve defining the relationship between force, duration, and functional recovery for each week after injury. The study clearly showed the beneficial effect of decompression and that increasing either the force or duration of compression, or both, caused a reduction in recovery.

The effect of exogenous thyroid hormones on functional recovery of the rat after acute spinal cord compression injury

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Tator ◽  
Richard H. C. van der Jagt
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) on functional recovery after acute spinal cord compression injury in the rat was assessed. Rats treated with T3 for 14 consecutive days after injury showed significantly improved recovery at 12 and 16 weeks, and rats treated with T4 for 4 days after injury showed significantly improved recovery at 12 weeks as compared with control animals. The possible modes of action of these two hormones on the injured spinal cord are briefly discussed.

Oxygenated fluorocarbon perfusion as treatment of acute spinal cord compression injury in dogs

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Hansebout ◽  
Richard H. C. van der Jagt ◽  
Sarvjit S. Sohal ◽  
John R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Central Gray Matter ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Content Type

✓ Experiments were conducted to determine the therapeutic value of subarachnoid perfusion of the traumatized dog spinal cord with the fluorocarbon, Fluosol-DA (20%). Control dogs without lesions, but which had durotomy, subarachnoid catheter placement, and saline irrigation for 4 hours, did not have any residual neurological deficit. A series of 41 dogs underwent an acute spinal cord compression using an epidural balloon inflated to a pressure of 160 mm Hg and maintained for 1 hour. Treatment included durotomy only (11 dogs), durotomy with saline perfusion at room temperature (15 dogs), and durotomy with oxygenated Fluosol-DA perfusion at room temperature (15 dogs). The dogs underwent daily grading of neurological status for a 60-day period. Dogs undergoing perfusion of the spinal cord with either saline or oxygenated Fluosol-DA had significantly improved motor recovery (p < 0.004) compared with dogs undergoing durotomy only. Perfusion with oxygenated Fluosol-DA resulted in significantly better motor recovery (p < 0.05) than did perfusion with normal saline. Microscopic examination of the traumatized spinal cords failed to reveal a substantial difference between the three groups. However, dogs with better functional results tended to have less destruction of the white matter. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the central gray matter was consistently observed in all traumatized spinal cords.

Spinal cord compression by extramedullary hemopoietic tissue in sickle cell anemia

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel A. Ammoumi ◽  
Joanna H. Sher ◽  
Daniel Schmelka
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hemopoietic Tissue ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Mass Recovery

✓ The authors report a patient with sickle cell anemia who suffered from paraplegia of 18 months duration due to spinal cord compression by a hemopoietic mass. Recovery following removal of the mass was complete.

Spinal cord compression due to Masson's vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Porter ◽  
Andrew J. Martin ◽  
Conor L. Mallucci ◽  
Catherine N. Makunura ◽  
H. Ian Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors present the case of spinal cord compression in a 16-year-old boy due to the rare vascular lesion, Masson's vegetant hemangioendothelioma.

scholarly journals The relationship between central motor conduction time and spinal cord compression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Spinal Cord ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rikita ◽  
N Tanaka ◽  
K Nakanishi ◽  
N Kamei ◽  
N Sumiyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Central Motor Conduction Time ◽  
The Relationship

The therapeutic window for spinal cord decompression in a rat spinal cord injury model

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Shields ◽  
Y. Ping Zhang ◽  
Lisa B. E. Shields ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Darlene A. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fine Print

Object. There are no clinically based guidelines to direct the spine surgeon as to the proper timing to undertake decompression after spinal cord injury (SCI) in patients with concomitant stenosis-induced cord compression. The following three factors affect the prognosis: 1) severity of SCI; 2) degree of extrinsic spinal cord compression; and 3) duration of spinal cord compression. Methods. To elucidate further the relationship between varying degrees of spinal stenosis and a mild contusion-induced SCI (6.25 g-cm), a rat SCI/stenosis model was developed in which 1.13- and 1.24-mm-thick spacers were placed at T-10 to create 38 and 43% spinal stenosis, respectively. Spinal cord damage was observed after the stenosis—SCI that was directly proportional to the duration of spinal cord compression. The therapeutic window prior to decompression was 6 and 12 hours in the 43 and 38% stenosis—SCI lesions, respectively, to maintain locomotor activity. A significant difference in total lesion volume was observed between the 2-hour and the delayed time(s) to decompression (38% stenosis—SCI, 12 and 24 hours, p < 0.05; 43% stenosis—SCI, 24 hours, p < 0.05) indicating a more favorable neurological outcome when earlier decompression is undertaken. This finding was further supported by the animal's ability to support weight when decompression was performed by 6 or 12 hours compared with 24 hours after SCI. Conclusions. Analysis of the findings in this study suggests that early decompression in the rat improves locomotor function. Prolongation of the time to decompression may result in irreversible damage that prevents locomotor recovery.

TGN-020 alleviates edema and inhibits astrocyte activation and glial scar formation after spinal cord compression injury in rats

Life Sciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Jia ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Weidong Guo ◽  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Glial Scar ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Astrocyte Activation

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and electrolyte levels following experimental spinal cord injury

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Anderson ◽  
Leon D. Prockop ◽  
Eugene D. Means ◽  
Lawrence E. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Csf Lactate

✓ Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), and chloride (Cl−) levels were determined for 17 to 21 days following experimental spinal cord compression in cats. Laminectomies were performed at L-2 under general anesthesia with aseptic techniques. Paraplegia was produced by applying a 170-gm weight transdurally for 5 minutes. Significant increases in CSF lactate levels were observed on the first through ninth days post injury with peak levels (50% above normal) occurring at Day 5. The only significant postinjury CSF electrolyte changes were elevation in Ca++ concentration on Days 3, 9, 11, 13, and 15, elevation in K+ concentration on Days 9 and 11 and decline in Cl− levels on the first day. The CSF K+ increase probably reflected cellular loss of K+ from damaged tissue whereas the Ca++ rise may have resulted from increased CSF protein levels. The prolonged elevation of CSF lactate indicates that tissue hypoxia plays a role in spinal cord compression paralysis, and that there is a continuing hypoxia of metabolically active spinal cord tissue for several days post injury.

A characterization of white matter pathology following spinal cord compression injury in the rat

Neuroscience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Ward ◽  
W. Huang ◽  
M. Kostusiak ◽  
P.N. Pallier ◽  
A.T. Michael-Titus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
White Matter Pathology

Atlantoaxial stabilization in rheumatoid arthritis

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Papadopoulos ◽  
Curtis A. Dickman ◽  
Volker K. H. Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Atlantoaxial Subluxation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operative Stabilization ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Atlantoaxial subluxation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is common. Operative stabilization is clearly indicated when signs and symptoms of spinal cord compression occur. However, many recommend early operative fusion before evidence of appreciable neural compression occurs because 1) the myelopathy in these patients may be irreversible; 2) the overall prognosis is poor once symptoms of cord compression are present; and 3) the risk of sudden death associated with atlantoaxial subluxation is increased even in asymptomatic patients. The authors believe that rheumatoid arthritis patients in relatively good health without advanced multisystem disease and less than 65 years of age should be considered for operative stabilization if mobile atlantoaxial subluxation is greater than 6 mm. Seventeen patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial subluxation treated with a posterior arthrodesis are presented. A new method of fusion, devised by the senior author (V.K.H.S.), was utilized in all cases. Indications for operative therapy in these patients included evidence of spinal cord compression in 11 patients (65%) and mobile atlantoaxial subluxation greater than 6 mm but no signs or symptoms of cord compression in six patients (35%). Thirteen patients developed a stable osseous fusion, two patients a well-aligned fibrous union, one patient a malaligned fibrous union, and one patient died prior to evaluation of fusion stability. The details of the operative technique and management strategies are presented. Several technical advantages of this method of fusion make this approach particularly useful in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Because of multisystem involvement of this disease, a high rate of osseous fusion is often difficult to achieve.

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