Haemophilus influenzae infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Meningitis In Children

✓ Two (1%) of 165 episodes of Haemophilus influenzae infection of the central nervous system occurred in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Both cases were caused by strains that could not be typed. The clinical presentation was similar to that of other forms of shunt infection, yet the pathogenesis may be similar to that of H. influenzae meningitis in children without shunts. Systemic antibiotic therapy, without shunt replacement or intraventricular antibiotic administration, may be more successful in shunt infections caused by H. influenzae than in those caused by other organisms.

Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly C. Walters ◽  
Harold J. Hoffman ◽  
E. Bruce Hendrick ◽  
Robin P. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Shunt Malfunction ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Csf Shunts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operative Removal ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A retrospective study of the management of patients with infected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts was undertaken, covering the 20 years from 1960 to 1979, inclusive, and involving 222 patients with 267 infections. The data were analyzed with emphasis on influences surrounding treatment choice and subsequent outcome. Treatment was classified into three major categories: medical management (antibiotics alone), surgical management (antibiotics plus operative removal of the infected shunt), and no treatment (ranging from admission and observation only to shunt revision), the diagnosis of shunt infection having been missed. Results showed surgical treatment to be more efficacious than medical or no treatment, with a higher rate of initial cure, and lower morbidity and mortality rates. Also examined were the relationships among clinical presentation, infection rate, and results of specimens sent for culture, and initial treatment. The definitive nature of initial treatment was revealed to be directly proportional to the aggressiveness of microbiological investigation. This latter aspect was related to clinical presentation, with shunt malfunction being the least recognized symptom of shunt infection. Patients presenting with blocked shunts were less likely to receive therapy appropriate for infection than any other group, leading to the conclusion that shunt malfunction may be more specific to infection than heretofore believed.

scholarly journals CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ASEPTIC MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN OF KHMELNITSKYI REGION (PODILSKYI REGION, UKRAINE): FOURTEEN-YEAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
L. V. Pypa ◽  
R. V. Svistilnik ◽  
Yu. N. Lysytsia ◽  
K. Yu. Romanchuk ◽  
I. V. Odarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Aim of work – to analyze the etiological structure, epidemiological structure, social-demographic features and the nature of the development of complications of the central nervous system in aseptic meningitis in children in Khmelnitskyi region for the period 2004-2017.Materials and methods. It was conducted a prospective analysis of 208 cases of aseptic meningitis in children of whom 138 people were boys and 70 people were girls. The etiology of the disease was determined by studying cerebrospinal fluid using PCR method. Complications of the central nervous system were diagnosed on the basis of the clinical picture and CT or MRI scans. The analytical method was used to conduct the analysis of the received data.Results. The highest seasonal increase of the incidence was from August to October and it was 65.6% with its peak in September (24.0%). The clinical picture was characterized by a moderate trend in 71.2% of cases and in 28.8% by a severe course. In 100% of cases the disease began with a fever, headache (83.6%), vomiting (76.9%), abdominal pain with diarrhea (6.2%), epileptic seizures (0.9%). The average level of cytosis was 269.4±196.7 cells/mm3with a predominance of lymphocytes and the average protein level in cerebrospinal fluid was 73 ± 36 mg/dl. The etiological factor was established in 18 (8.6%) patients.Conclusions. Enterovirus remains to be the main pathogen which was determined in 72.2% of cases. The second place was taken by herpes viruses (22.2% of cases), the third place was given to the mumps virus (5.6% of cases) (in etiologically verified cases). In most cases the disease ended in complete recovery but in 47 (22.6%) patients the complications were observed. The prevalence of aseptic meningitis among children in Khmelnitskyi region was 6.2 per 100,000 children, and males outnumbered females by a 2:1 ratio.

Cerebral cyst infection with Micrococcus sedentarius

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Greene ◽  
Catherine Mc Ninch ◽  
Eldon L. Foltz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyst Infection ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Brain Cysts ◽  
Shunt Infections ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 7-year-old boy with congenital hydrocephalus and a left septate cerebral cyst presented with a shunt infection due to Micrococcus sedentarius, resistant to all penicillins. The shunt infection was persistent despite several courses of parenteral, intraventricular, and intracyst antibiotics. Evaluation of the ventricular fluid revealed adequate “killing power” against the patient's microorganism. No extracranial focus of infection could be found. Computerized tomographic scanning, along with air ventriculography, identified a noncommunicating area of the cerebral cyst. Only when communication between this location and the rest of the cyst was established were the antibiotics efficacious. Undercirculated areas of cerebrospinal fluid should be sought when shunt infections and ventriculitis persist in spite of adequate parenteral and local therapy in patients with brain cysts.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction during pregnancy

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Hanakita ◽  
Takanori Suzuki ◽  
Yoshisuke Yamamoto ◽  
Yuji Kinuta ◽  
Kiyoshi Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Shunt Malfunction ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Shunt System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Malfunction of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported in a 25-year-old woman at 32 weeks of gestation. Pregnancies and delivery in women with cerebrospinal fluid shunts are rarely reported, and malfunction of a shunt system during pregnancy is extremely unusual.

Carcinoembryonic antigen in cerebrospinal fluid of adult brain-tumor patients

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hill ◽  
Edward Martin ◽  
E. C. Ellison ◽  
William E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Intradural Metastasis ◽  
Cns Malignancies

✓ Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with neoplasms and non-neoplastic neurologic conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). Seventy-two control patients had a mean CEAcsf of 0.04 ng/cu cm, 31 patients with benign tumors had a mean CEAcsf of 0.03 ng/cu cm, and 21 patients with malignant CNS tumors had mean CEAcsf of 21.7 ng/cu cm. In the absence of intradural metastasis, the existence of non-CNS malignancies did not cause CEA to appear in the CSF. There was no relationship between the plasma and CSF levels of CEA. The CSF is normally free of CEA, and its detection is strongly suggestive of either primary or secondary intradural malignancy. The titres of CEA decline with effective therapy, and may be of use in monitoring treated patients for recurrence.

Value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology for the diagnosis of malignancies in the central nervous system

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chris Balhuizen ◽  
Gerard Th. A. M. Bots ◽  
Aart Schaberg ◽  
Fré T. Bosman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Cerebral Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Fluid Cytology

✓ The authors present a retrospective analysis of the results of the cytological examinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and tumor-cyst aspirates deriving from 262 patients treated for malignant intracranial primary and secondary tumors, and vertebral and peridural metastastic processes. Positive preoperative CSF samples were found in 15.3% of all cases of primary cerebral malignancies (13.9% of all gliomas) and positive postoperative CSF samples were found in 40% (91% of the medulloblastoma cases). In all cases of single or multiple secondary cerebral tumors, positive preoperative CSF samples were found in 20%.

Use of percutaneous endoscopy to place syringopleural or cystoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunts

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Guest ◽  
Lisa Silbert ◽  
Carlos E. Casas
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Peritoneal Catheter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shunt Placement ◽  
Spinal Cysts ◽  
Safe Access ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopy ◽  
Entire Procedure ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors describe a technique for percutaneous endoscopic shunt placement to treat clinically symptomatic spinal cysts. Seven patients underwent the procedure—five with syringomyelia, one with a symptomatic perineurial cyst, and one with a large arachnoid cyst. In all patients the shunt was successfully placed, and clinical improvement occurred in six. In four patients the entire procedure was performed endoscopically, whereas in three conversion to an open surgical exposure was required for safe access of a syrinx cavity. Overall, however, the pleural or peritoneal catheter was successfully placed endoscopically in all seven patients. There were two cases of postoperative positional headaches of which one required valve revision. In one case the catheter migrated and required repositioning. Percutaneous endoscopic shunt placement appears feasible in appropriately selected patients.

Bacterial infections

2010 ◽  
pp. 4976-4998
Author(s):  
Diederik van de Beek ◽  
Jeremy Farrar ◽  
Guy Thwaites
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Infecting Organisms

Bacterial meningitis occurs in a number of clinical situations, including spontaneous (the most important category), post-traumatic, and device-associated (relating to cerebrospinal fluid shunts and drains). Each of these is associated with a particular pattern of infecting organisms, clinical presentation and outcome, but overall there is high morbidity and mortality....

Spinal subarachnoid metastatic spread from non-neuraxial primary neoplasms

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. H. West
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Neoplasms ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A rare case of metastasis to the spinal subarachnoid space from a non-neuraxial primary tumor is presented. Dissemination was shown by computerized tomography to be via the cerebrospinal fluid from secondary deposits in the central nervous system and meninges. This route would seem to be the most common mode of spread to the spinal subarachnoid space.

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