Carcinoembryonic antigen in cerebrospinal fluid of adult brain-tumor patients

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hill ◽  
Edward Martin ◽  
E. C. Ellison ◽  
William E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Intradural Metastasis ◽  
Cns Malignancies

✓ Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with neoplasms and non-neoplastic neurologic conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). Seventy-two control patients had a mean CEAcsf of 0.04 ng/cu cm, 31 patients with benign tumors had a mean CEAcsf of 0.03 ng/cu cm, and 21 patients with malignant CNS tumors had mean CEAcsf of 21.7 ng/cu cm. In the absence of intradural metastasis, the existence of non-CNS malignancies did not cause CEA to appear in the CSF. There was no relationship between the plasma and CSF levels of CEA. The CSF is normally free of CEA, and its detection is strongly suggestive of either primary or secondary intradural malignancy. The titres of CEA decline with effective therapy, and may be of use in monitoring treated patients for recurrence.

Increased interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiit Mathiesen ◽  
Birger Andersson ◽  
Annika Loftenius ◽  
Hans von Holst
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soluble Cd8 ◽  
Activation Profile ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Csf Levels

✓ Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 12 patients were analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-2 receptor (1L-2R), and soluble CD8 levels in order to determine the immune activation profile following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Dramatically increased levels of IL-6 and moderate increases of soluble IL-2R were detected in the CSF in 11 of the 12 patients; slightly elevated levels of soluble CD8 were observed in six patients. The IL-6 levels were higher on Day 6 than on Days 3 and 9. The increases in IL-6, soluble IL-2R, and soluble CD8 levels in the CSF samples were not paralleled by increased values in the serum samples, and thus probably reflected an intrathecal synthesis of the cytokine. Passive transfer of IL-6 across the blood-brain barrier seemed not to occur since the serum and CSF levels of IL-6 showed a negative correlation. The findings suggest a severe inflammatory affection of the central nervous system that could be of importance in understanding the clinical course in patients following SAH.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage-csf in the cerebrospinal fluid from hiv infected subjects with involvement of the central nervous system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Perrella ◽  
M. Guerriero ◽  
E. Izzo ◽  
M. Soscia ◽  
P. B. Carrieri
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Aids Dementia Complex ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Aids Dementia ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Csf Levels

We detected the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) by ELISA in the CSF and serum of 30 HIV-infected patients classified as AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and 20 subjects with other neurological diseases (OND). We have found a high incidence of detectable IL-6 and GM-CSF in the CSF of ADC patients compared with OND patients. No statistical differences were observed between both groups for serum IL-6 and GM-CSF levels. These results suggest an intrathecal synthesis of these cytokines and a possible involvement in the pathogenesis of ADC.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNA Signatures as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Brain Tumors

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Kopkova ◽  
Jiri Sana ◽  
Tana Machackova ◽  
Marek Vecera ◽  
Lenka Radova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Mirna Profiling ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Cns Malignancies

Central nervous system (CNS) malignancies include primary tumors that originate within the CNS as well as secondary tumors that develop as a result of metastatic spread. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) were found in almost all human body fluids including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and they seem to be highly stable and resistant to even extreme conditions. The overall aim of our study was to identify specific CSF miRNA patterns that could differentiate among brain tumors. These new biomarkers could potentially aid borderline or uncertain imaging results onto diagnosis of CNS malignancies, avoiding most invasive procedures such as stereotactic biopsy or biopsy. In total, 175 brain tumor patients (glioblastomas, low-grade gliomas, meningiomas and brain metastases), and 40 non-tumor patients with hydrocephalus as controls were included in this prospective monocentric study. Firstly, we performed high-throughput miRNA profiling (Illumina small RNA sequencing) on a discovery cohort of 70 patients and 19 controls and identified specific miRNA signatures of all brain tumor types tested. Secondly, validation of 9 candidate miRNAs was carried out on an independent cohort of 105 brain tumor patients and 21 controls using qRT-PCR. Based on the successful results of validation and various combination patterns of only 5 miRNA levels (miR-30e, miR-140, let-7b, mR-10a and miR-21-3p) we proposed CSF-diagnostic scores for each tumor type which enabled to distinguish them from healthy donors and other tumor types tested. In addition to this primary diagnostic tool, we described the prognostic potential of the combination of miR-10b and miR-196b levels in CSF of glioblastoma patients. In conclusion, we performed the largest study so far focused on CSF miRNA profiling in patients with brain tumors, and we believe that this new class of biomarkers have a strong potential as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in these patients.

Activated complement components C3a and C4a in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma following subarachnoid hemorrhage

1989 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Kasuya ◽  
Takashi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Serial Measurements

✓ The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of the complement components C3a and C4a in 40 patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Serial measurements of the lumbar CSF levels revealed that the C3a and C4a levels were significantly elevated in the initial stage of SAH, but decreased rapidly. Within 48 hours after SAH, the mean C3a and C4a levels in the cisternal, lumbar, and ventricular CSF were significantly higher in patients with delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) than in those without DIND. The serially measured plasma levels of C3a and C4a in patients with DIND were elevated more than in those without DIND, but they did not show a significant change over time. Simultaneous levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), an indicator of thrombin activity in CSF, were also measured by radioimmunoassay. There was a significant correlation between CSF-activated complement components and CSF FPA. These results suggest that complement activation occurred in the subarachnoid space soon after SAH, chiefly due to activation of the coagulation system. The higher CSF levels of C3a and C4a in patients with DIND may indicate a relationship between these components and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasms.

Improved tumor-specific immunotoxins in the treatment of CNS and leptomeningeal neoplasia

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia G. Johnson ◽  
Charles Wrobel ◽  
Debra Wilson ◽  
John Zovickian ◽  
Larry Greenfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Human Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Normal Humans

✓ A novel antibody-toxin conjugate has been developed for use in cancer therapy. This report demonstrates that this new reagent selectively kills glioblastoma- and medulloblastoma-derived cell lines, medulloblastoma cells in primary culture, and cell lines derived from tumors commonly metastatic to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Efficient killing of human tumor cells occurred at concentrations between 3.9 × 10−13 M and 1.1 × 10−10 M, whereas guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys tolerated intrathecal levels of 2 × 10−9 M. Cerebrospinal fluid from normal humans and from brain-tumor patients does not inhibit the in vitro efficacy of this reagent. The wide therapeutic window, extreme potency, and general applicability of this antibody-toxin conjugate against CSF-borne primary or metastatic tumors warrants clinical trials.

Haemophilus influenzae infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Meningitis In Children

✓ Two (1%) of 165 episodes of Haemophilus influenzae infection of the central nervous system occurred in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Both cases were caused by strains that could not be typed. The clinical presentation was similar to that of other forms of shunt infection, yet the pathogenesis may be similar to that of H. influenzae meningitis in children without shunts. Systemic antibiotic therapy, without shunt replacement or intraventricular antibiotic administration, may be more successful in shunt infections caused by H. influenzae than in those caused by other organisms.

Value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology for the diagnosis of malignancies in the central nervous system

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chris Balhuizen ◽  
Gerard Th. A. M. Bots ◽  
Aart Schaberg ◽  
Fré T. Bosman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Cerebral Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Fluid Cytology

✓ The authors present a retrospective analysis of the results of the cytological examinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and tumor-cyst aspirates deriving from 262 patients treated for malignant intracranial primary and secondary tumors, and vertebral and peridural metastastic processes. Positive preoperative CSF samples were found in 15.3% of all cases of primary cerebral malignancies (13.9% of all gliomas) and positive postoperative CSF samples were found in 40% (91% of the medulloblastoma cases). In all cases of single or multiple secondary cerebral tumors, positive preoperative CSF samples were found in 20%.

Polyol content of cerebrospinal fluid in brain-tumor patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Watanabe ◽  
Junko Kamiyama ◽  
Hiroo Chigasaki ◽  
Shigetake Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

✓ In order to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polyols are consumed by brain tissue, the concentration of seven polyols in the CSF and the serum of 30 patients with intracranial tumor and 17 control individuals was measured by gas chromatography. The mean polyol content in the control samples showed that the fructose, inositol, and glucitol levels were significantly greater in CSF than in serum. A comparison of the lumbar CSF from control subjects and 11 patients with malignant tumors exposed to the CSF snowed the fructose and inositol levels to be significantly lower (54% and 45%, respectively) and the glucose content to be slightly higher (110%) in the tumor cases. These differences were markedly greater in the ventricular than in the lumbar CSF and greater in patients with tumors exposed to the CSF space than in those with tumors buried in the brain tissue. In ventricular CSF obtained from seven patients with malignant brain tumors before and after radio— and/or chemotherapy, significant increases in fructose (34%) and glucitol (48%) levels were found, but the other polyols did not change significantly. In culture, the human glioblastoma cell growth rate was higher in the medium containing fructose and glucose than in that containing glucose alone. A notable amount of fructose and glucose was consumed by cultured glioblastoma cells. The roles of polyols contained in CSF and the effects of fructose on the growth of cultured glioblastoma cells are discussed in light of these findings and of previous reports.

Localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in mature intracranial teratomas

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Naganuma ◽  
Hiroshi K. Inoue ◽  
Masaru Nakamura ◽  
Hidehito Koizumi
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Glandular Structures

✓ Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured in four patients with intracranial teratoma. The CEA levels were elevated in the CSF of two patients, but were within normal limits in the serum of all four. After surgical removal of the teratomas, which were verified as mature teratomas, CEA was localized by an immunohistochemical method. Positive reactions both to anti-CEA serum and to another anti-CEA serum absorbed with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen were seen in glandular structures, with or without goblet cells, and in some portions of stratified squamous epithelium. It is concluded that CEA, detected in CSF, may originate in mature teratomas, and CEA-positive structures (especially glandular) may differentiate into gastrointestinal tract structures. An examination of serum and CSF levels of CEA may offer additional clues to the diagnosis of intracranial germ-cell tumors.

Release of β-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin into cerebrospinal fluid during deep brain stimulation for chronic pain

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Young ◽  
Flemming W. Bach ◽  
Alan S. Van Norman ◽  
Tony L. Yaksh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Deep Brain

✓ The authors systematically studied the release of the endogenous opioid peptides β-endorphin and methionine (met)-enkephalin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during deep brain stimulation in patients suffering from otherwise intractable chronic pain. Nine patients were included in the study; six had stimulation electrodes placed in both the periventricular gray matter (PVG) and the thalamic nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VLP) and three in the PVG only. Immunoreactivity of β-endorphin and met-enkephalin (β-EPir and MEir, respectively) was measured by radioimmunoassays in ventricular and lumbar CSF samples obtained before, during, and after stimulation. Prestimulation concentrations of β-EPir and MEir were lower in ventricular than in lumbar CSF (6.6 ± 0.5 vs. 13.7 ± 1.0 pmol/liter, p = 0.0001, for β-EPir; 33.6 ± 5.1 vs. 48.3 ± 3.2 pmol/liter, p < 0.05, for MEir). Ventricular CSF concentrations of both β-EPir and MEir increased significantly during PVG stimulation, whereas VPL stimulation was without effect. No changes were seen in lumbar CSF levels of the peptides during stimulation in either site. A significant inverse relationship was found between the “during:before stimulation” ratios of visual analog scale ratings and β-EPir levels during PVG stimulation. The β-EPir and MEir concentration during:before stimulation ratios were positively correlated, whereas no correlation was present in prestimulation samples from ventricular or lumbar CSF. High-performance liquid chromatography of ventricular CSF pools obtained during PVG stimulation revealed that major portions of β-EPir and MEir eluted as synthetic β-endorphin and met-enkephalin, respectively, thus documenting the release of β-endorphin and met-enkephalin into ventricular CSF during PVG stimulation. The finding of a direct relationship between β-EPir release and pain alleviation may suggest a role for β-endorphin in the analgesic mechanism of PVG stimulation.

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