Volumetric reduction in caudate nucleus following stereotactic lesions of anterior cingulate cortex in humans: a morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Rauch ◽  
Hackjin Kim ◽  
Nikos Makris ◽  
G. Rees Cosgrove ◽  
Edwin H. Cassem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The goal of this study was to test hypotheses regarding changes in volume in subcortical structures following anterior cingulotomy.Methods. Morphometric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods were used to assess volume reductions in subcortical regions following anterior cingulate lesioning in nine patients. Magnetic resonance imaging data obtained before and 9 ± 6 months following anterior cingulotomy were subjected to segmentation and subcortical parcellation.Significant volume reductions were predicted and found bilaterally within the caudate nucleus, but not in the amygdala, thalamus, lenticular nuclei, or hippocampus. Subcortical parcellation revealed that the volume reduction in the caudate nucleus was principally referrable to the body, rather than the head. Furthermore, the magnitude of volume reduction in the caudate body was significantly correlated with total lesion volume.Conclusions. Taken together, these findings implicate significant connectivity between a region of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) lesioned during cingulotomy and the caudate body. This unique data set complements published findings in nonhuman primates, and advances our knowledge regarding patterns of cortical—subcortical connectivity involving the ACC in humans. Moreover, these findings indicate changes distant from the site of anterior cingulotomy lesions that may play a role in the clinical response to this neurosurgical procedure.

scholarly journals Effect of Subanesthetic Ketamine on Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Niesters ◽  
Najmeh Khalili-Mahani ◽  
Christian Martini ◽  
Leon Aarts ◽  
Joop van Gerven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background The influence of psychoactive drugs on the central nervous system has been investigated with positron emission tomography and task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, it is not known how these drugs affect the intrinsic large-scale interactions of the brain (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity). In this study, the effect of low-dose S(+)-ketamine on intrinsic brain connectivity was investigated. Methods Twelve healthy, male volunteers received a 2-h intravenous S(+)-ketamine infusion (first hour 20 mg/70 kg, second hour 40 mg/70 kg). Before, during, and after S(+)-ketamine administration, resting-state brain connectivity was measured. In addition, heat pain tests were performed between imaging sessions to determine ketamine-induced analgesia. A mixed-effects general linear model was used to determine drug and pain effects on resting-state brain connectivity. Results Ketamine increased the connectivity most importantly in the cerebellum and visual cortex in relation to the medial visual network. A decrease in connectivity was observed in the auditory and somatosensory network in relation to regions responsible for pain sensing and the affective processing of pain, which included the amygdala, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex. Connectivity variations related to fluctuations in pain scores were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and the brainstem, regions involved in descending inhibition of pain. Conclusions Changes in connectivity were observed in the areas that explain ketamine's pharmacodynamic profile with respect to analgesia and psychedelic and other side effects. In addition, pain and ketamine changed brain connectivity in areas involved in endogenous pain modulation.

Optic pathway glioma infiltrating into somatostatinergic pathways in a young boy with gigantism

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Manski ◽  
Charles S. Ha worth ◽  
Bertrand J. Duval-Arnould ◽  
Elisabeth J. Rushing
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Pathway Glioma ◽  
Optic Pathway ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hyperintense Signal ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsies ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report gigantism in a 16-month-old boy with an extensive optic pathway glioma infiltrating into somatostatinergic pathways, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and immunocytochemical studies. Stereotactic biopsies of areas showing hyperintense signal abnormalities on T2-weighted images in and adjacent to the involved visual pathways provided rarely obtained histological correlation of such areas. The patient received chemotherapy, which resulted in reduction of size and signal intensity of the tumor and stabilization of vision and growth velocity.

Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal arteriovenous malformations

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Doppman ◽  
Giovanni Di Chiro ◽  
Andrew J. Dwyer ◽  
Joseph L. Frank ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Spinal Avm ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 12 patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM's). Six lesions were intramedullary, five were dural, and one was in a posterior extramedullary location. Serpentine filling defects similar to the classic myelographic findings were demonstrated within the high-signal cerebrospinal fluid on T2-weighted coronal scans. The intramedullary nidus was identified by MRI as an area of low-signal intensity within the cord in all six intramedullary AVM's. Neither the dural nor the posterior extramedullary lesions showed intramedullary components. It is concluded that MRI may noninvasively provide the initial diagnosis of a spinal AVM and distinguish intramedullary from dural and extramedullary lesions.

scholarly journals The role of the mesolimbic dopamine system in the formation of blood-oxygen-level dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex during high-frequency stimulation of the rat perforant pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2177-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Helbing ◽  
Marta Brocka ◽  
Thomas Scherf ◽  
Michael T Lippert ◽  
Frank Angenstein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level

Several human functional magnetic resonance imaging studies point to an activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system during reward, addiction and learning. We previously found activation of the mesolimbic system in response to continuous but not to discontinuous perforant pathway stimulation in an experimental model that we now used to investigate the role of dopamine release for the formation of functional magnetic resonance imaging responses. The two stimulation protocols elicited blood-oxygen-level dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. Inhibition of dopamine D1/5 receptors abolished the formation of functional magnetic resonance imaging responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex during continuous but not during discontinuous pulse stimulations, i.e. only when the mesolimbic system was activated. Direct electrical or optogenetic stimulation of the ventral tegmental area caused strong dopamine release but only electrical stimulation triggered significant blood-oxygen level-dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. These functional magnetic resonance imaging responses were not affected by the D1/5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 but reduced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK801. Therefore, glutamatergic ventral tegmental area neurons are already sufficient to trigger blood-oxygen-level dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. Although dopamine release alone does not affect blood-oxygen-level dependent responses it can act as a switch, permitting the formation of blood-oxygen-level dependent responses.

Optic nerve ganglioglioma

1993 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Y. Lu ◽  
Marc Goldman ◽  
Byron Young ◽  
Daron G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve Glioma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Visual Field Deficit ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Gangliogliomas of the optic nerve are extremely rare. The case is reported of a 38-year-old man who presented with a visual field deficit and was discovered to have an optic nerve ganglioglioma. The possible embryological origins of this neoplasm, its histological and immunohistochemical features, and its appearance on magnetic resonance imaging are examined. The prognoses of optic nerve glioma and of gangliogliomas occurring elsewhere in the nervous system are compared.

Correlation of the relationships of brain—tumor interfaces, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiographic findings to predict cleavage of meningiomas

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk İldan ◽  
Metin Tuna ◽  
Alp İskender Göcer ◽  
Bülent Boyar ◽  
Hüseyin Bağdatoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Peritumoral Edema ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Angiographic Findings ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors examined the relationships of brain—tumor interfaces, specific magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features, and angiographic findings in meningiomas to predict tumor cleavage and difficulty of resection.Methods. Magnetic resonance imaging studies, angiographic data, operative reports, clinical data, and histopathological findings were examined retrospectively in this series, which included 126 patients with intracranial meningiomas who underwent operations in which microsurgical techniques were used. The authors have identified three kinds of brain—tumor interfaces characterized by various difficulties in microsurgical dissection: smooth type, intermediate type, and invasive type. The signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images was very similar regardless of the type of brain—tumor interface (p > 0.1). However, on T2-weighted images the different interfaces seemed to correlate very precisely with the signal intensity and the amount of peritumoral edema (p < 0.01), allowing the prediction of microsurgical effort required during surgery. On angiographic studies, the pial—cortical arterial supply was seen to participate almost equally with the meningeal—dural arterial supply in vascularizing the tumor in 57.9% of patients. Meningiomas demonstrating hypervascularization on angiography, particularly those fed by the pial—cortical arteries, exhibited significantly more severe edema compared with those supplied only from meningeal arteries (p < 0.01). Indeed, a positive correlation was found between the vascular supply from pial—cortical arteries and the type of cleavage (p < 0.05).Conclusions. In this analysis the authors proved that there is a strong correlation between the amount of peritumoral edema, hyperintensity of the tumor on T2-weighted images, cortical penetration, vascular supply from pial—cortical arteries, and cleavage of the meningioma. Therefore, the consequent difficulty of microsurgical dissection can be predicted preoperatively by analyzing MR imaging and angiographic studies.

Intracranial chondroma in a patient with Ollier's disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Traflet ◽  
Ashok R. Babaria ◽  
Giancarlo Barolat ◽  
H. T. Doan ◽  
Carlos Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ollier’S Disease ◽  
Intracranial Chondroma ◽  
Ollier's Disease ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case is presented in which a solitary chondroma arose from the clivus of a patient with Ollier's disease. These tumors are rare. The diagnostic value of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is discussed.

Spinal intramedullary tuberculous lesion: medical management

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prakash Rao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tuberculous Lesion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The author describes the successful medical management of intramedullary tuberculous lesions in four patients who received treatment between 1994 and 1997. The role of magnetic resonance imaging and the treatment protocol for intramedullary tuberculous lesions are also discussed.

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