Energy Expenditure in Free-Living Japanese People with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, Measured Using the Doubly-Labeled Water Method

We provide a theoretical and practical model for the calculation of energy balance of free-living animals using the doubly labeled water method. Energy expenditure, metabolizable energy intake, and body energy balance (energy retention, negative or positive) of animals are estimated using CO2 production, water influx, and dietary habits. This model accounts for CO2 produced from the 1) oxidation of dietary substrates, 2) catabolism of body tissue, and 3) deposition of body energy. We examined the model using data from studies on five homeotherms reported in the literature. The ratios between daily energy expenditure using our model and that presented in the reports ranged between 0.76 and 1.18. Metabolizable energy intakes were as low as 43% of energy expenditure in negative energy-balanced hummingbirds and as high as 245% of energy expenditure in positive energy-balanced koala bears. This model is the first that allows theoretical calculation of all energy budget components, including energy retention, in free-living animals using the doubly labeled water method.

Download Full-text

Estimating free-living human energy expenditure: Practical aspects of the doubly labeled water method and its applications

Nutrition Research and Practice ◽

10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.241 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jonghoon Park ◽

Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko ◽

Eunkyung Kim ◽

Jeonghyun Kim ◽

Jinsook Yoon

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Free Living ◽

Human Energy ◽

Doubly Labeled Water Method

Download Full-text

Simultaneous measurement of free-living energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method and heart-rate monitoring

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/52.1.59 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

M B Livingstone ◽

A M Prentice ◽

W A Coward ◽

S M Ceesay ◽

J J Strain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Simultaneous Measurement ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Heart Rate Monitoring ◽

Free Living ◽

Doubly Labeled Water Method

Download Full-text

Use of the Doubly-Labeled Water Method to Assess Energy Expenditure in Free Living Cats and Dogs

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/124.suppl_12.2594s ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 124 (suppl_12) ◽

pp. 2594S-2600S ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

O. Ballevre ◽

G. Anantharaman-Barr ◽

P. Gicquello ◽

C. Piguet-Welsh ◽

A.-L. Thielin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Free Living ◽

Doubly Labeled Water Method

Download Full-text

Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: validation in lean and obese subjects

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1991.261.3.e402 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (3) ◽

pp. E402-E409 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. Ravussin ◽

I. T. Harper ◽

R. Rising ◽

C. Bogardus

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Free Living ◽

Respiratory Chamber ◽

Wide Range ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Doubly Labeled Water Method ◽

Free Living Conditions

The doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O) method to assess energy expenditure in free-living conditions has been successfully validated against gas exchange measurements in lean healthy volunteers in both sedentary conditions and during sustained heavy exercise. However, no data are available on obese subjects. We therefore compared the 2H2(18)O method with indirect calorimetry (respiratory chamber) in 12 male subjects covering a wide range of body weight and composition (61-190 kg, 7-41% fat). Isotope pool sizes and elimination rates were calculated from 18O and 2H enrichments in baseline urine samples and in 7-h, 11.5-h, and daily postdose urine samples using the multipoint slope/intercept method. Results were corrected for isotopic fractionation. Mean 7-day energy expenditure in the respiratory chamber varied from 1,851 to 4,105 kcal/day. The doubly labeled water method tended to underestimate energy expenditure (-2.5 +/- 5.8%, not equal to 0, range -14 to +4%), with the larger underestimate observed in heavier and fatter subjects (r = -0.82 and -0.68, P less than 0.02, respectively). The underestimation in heavier subjects might be related to larger sequestration of deuterium during fat synthesis. In conclusion, the doubly labeled water method is a suitable and accurate method to measure energy expenditure in free-living conditions but might provide a slightly underestimated figure in fatter subjects.

Download Full-text