Scalp Products and Hair Before Puberty as Culture Medium for Certain Pathogenic Fungi

1934 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi

scholarly journals Fungi colonizing various organs of thyme Thymus vulgaris L. cultivated in the region of Lublin

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Zofia Machowicz-Stefaniak ◽  
Beata Zimowska ◽  
Ewa Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

In 1998-2001, the healthiness of thyme cultivated in the region of Lublin was examined. Surveys were made on the one-year-old plantations of thyme at a stage of 6-week-old seedlings and just before the first harvest of the crop, as well as on the two-year-old plantations in spring and before the last harvest. The percentage of the plants showing fungal disease symptoms and the index of infection with fungi were determined. The fungi were isolated from superficially disinfected plant fragments namely from roots, bases of stem and leaves, separately, using mineral culture medium. PDA and SNA media were used to culture <i>Fusarium</i> spp., malt-agar and Czapek-Dox ones to culture <i>Penicillium</i> spp. and malt-agar, oat-agar and cherry-agar ones to culture <i>Phoma</i> spp. The percentage of plant infected with the fungi ranged within 12.18 and 23.05, in case of the one-year-old plantations, and within 29.91 and 43.65 in the two-year-old ones, whereas values of the index of infection ranged within 11.56 and 24.69 and within 20.75 and 43,28, respectively. Necroses were observed on roots and base of stems on one-year-old and two-year-old plantations, but in the last period of vegetation of thyme close to harvest. very often stems and leaves showed symptoms of a complete necrosis. It was found that base of stems and roots of thyme in the first and the second year of cultivation were colonized by a complex of pathogenic fungi:<i>Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Thielaviopsis basicola</i> were obtained from the major part of diseased plants. Among the <i>Fusarium</i> species colonizing bases of stems <i>F.culmorum, F.avenaceum, F.equiseti</i> and <i>F.oxysporum</i> dominated, but from roots of thyme most often <i>F.oxysporum, F.equiseti and F.culmorum</i> were isolated. From stems, and particularly from leaves of thyme showing dark spots, commonly <i>Alternaria alternata</i> was obtained. On the other hand, shoots and leaves, but rarely roots of thyme, were colonized by various species of <i>Phoma</i>, particularly by <i>Phoma exigua</i> var. <i>exigua. Colletotrichum gleosporioides</i> occurred rarely on thyme in the area surveyed.

scholarly journals Comparative Analyses of Exoproteinases Produced by Three Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Valueva ◽  
Natalia N. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Alexis V. Sof'in ◽  
Tatiana A. Revina ◽  
Ekaterina L. Gvozdeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Extracellular Proteinases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Ecological Habitats

Proteinases secreted by the oomycetePhytophthora infestans(Mont.) de Bary,Rhizoctonia solani,andFusarium culmorumbelonging to different families of fungi have been studied to determine if the exoenzyme secretion depends on the environmental conditions and the phylogenetic position of the pathogen. The substrate specificity of the extracellular proteinases ofF. culmorum,R. solani, andP. infestansand their sensitivity to the action of synthetic and protein inhibitors suggest that they contain trypsin-like and subtilisin-like enzymes regardless of culture medium composition. The relation of trypsin-like and subtilisin-like enzymes is dependent on the culture medium composition, especially on the form of nitrogen nutrition, particularly in the case of the exoenzymes secreted byR. solani. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that the exoproteinase set of ascomycetes and oomycetes has more similarities than basidiomycetes although they are more distant relatives. Our data suggests that the multiple proteinases secreted by pathogenic fungi could play different roles in pathogenesis, increasing the adaptability and host range, or could have different functions in survival in various ecological habitats outside the host.

Multiplication of an ancestral gene encoding secreted fungalysin preceded species differentiation in the dermatophytes Trichophyton and Microsporum

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Jousson ◽  
Barbara Léchenne ◽  
Olympia Bontems ◽  
Sabrina Capoccia ◽  
Bernard Mignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soy Proteins ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Dermatophyte Species

Dermatophytes are human and animal pathogenic fungi which cause cutaneous infections and grow exclusively in the stratum corneum, nails and hair. In a culture medium containing soy proteins as sole nitrogen source a substantial proteolytic activity was secreted by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. This proteolytic activity was 55–75 % inhibited by o-phenanthroline, attesting that metalloproteases were secreted by all three species. Using a consensus probe constructed on previously characterized genes encoding metalloproteases (MEP) of the M36 fungalysin family in Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae and M. canis, a five-member MEP family was isolated from genomic libraries of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and M. canis. A phylogenetic analysis of genomic and protein sequences revealed a robust tree consisting of five main clades, each of them including a MEP sequence type from each dermatophyte species. Each MEP type was remarkably conserved across species (72–97 % amino acid sequence identity). The tree topology clearly indicated that the multiplication of MEP genes in dermatophytes occurred prior to species divergence. In culture medium containing soy proteins as a sole nitrogen source secreted Meps accounted for 19–36 % of total secreted protein extracts; characterization of protein bands by proteolysis and mass spectrometry revealed that the three dermatophyte species secreted two Meps (Mep3 and Mep4) encoded by orthologous genes.

scholarly journals Detection of wheat damping off and root rot disease pathogenic fungi and it bio control by pseudomonas fluorescens

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Rot Disease

This study was conducted to determine the fungal cause and bio control of damping off and root rot of wheat plants by using pseudomonas fluorescens under greenhouse and field conditions. Results showed isolation of eight species from the soil and roots to deferent region of Baghdad government. Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) and Fusarium solani (Fs) were the predominant damping off fungus with frequency 60 and 52% respectively. Led the using of bacteria formulations such as crud suspension , pure bacteria filtration and pure living cells in culture medium inhibit all type fungi with rates ranging from 84-96% , 80- 93% and 75-88% respectively. Rs and Fs were more pathogenesis under greenhouse conditions, with incidence of 80 and 68% and disease severity up to 41,20 and 30,20% respectively. The results of test bacterial formulation (dry, liquid and bacterial filtrate ) with seeds, soil and water irrigation showed high effectiveness for all treatments with superiority of the treatment of seeds in reducing the incidence which reached for the three formulation 21-34% compared with the infested control of Fs, Rs which reached 70 and 55%, respectively. Field experiments results showed superiority of seeds bacterization with dry formulation to reduce the disease incidence to 38% compared with the infested control (75%).These results reflected on the increasing of the shoot and rot dry weight and increasing the productivity (63%) compared with the infested control treatment .

scholarly journals Characterization and evaluation Typha domingensis Pers.) of a fungal growth medium composed pollens powder of cattail (

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Salah M. Al-Bader
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Typha Domingensis ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: A great progressing occurs in microbiology Ulocladium sp. after culture media have been used in culturing, isolation, identification, and reservation of microorganisms. According to their components, culture media were divided into natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic, the natural medium contain almost all the nutritional requirements but in non-defined quantities. In the current work, the validity of Typha domingensis pollens as a new substrate for fungal culture medium was tested. Several physical and chemical characteristics of medium were detected. The growth of nine fungal isolates were evaluated on semisolid and broth media. Materials and Methods: Ten gram of starchy powder free from spike tissue + 15gm agar were used for one liter of Typha pollens agar (TPA). The growth of local isolates of Candida sp., Rhodotorula sp., Aspergillus niger, , Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Chrysosporium sp., and Microsporum sp. were tested on (TPA), and (PCA). Biomass of filamentous isolates was estimated by TP broth and PC broth.ANOVA test at level 0.05 was followed to clarify the significant increasing of biomass. To qualify the nutritional value of Typha pollens, the percentage oftotal nitrogen , carbon , phosphorus , and potassium were estimated . pH of TPA were detected as well as its color, transparency , and gelatin texture were practically evaluated . Results and Discussion : The chemical composition analysis showed that pollens powder contain C=58%, N=2.16%, P= 0.19%and K=3.36%. The pH was 6.72 at room temperature . Typha pollens agar support growth of all tested fungal isolates. The semisolid TPA had a typical characteristic for culturing and diagnosis of fungi including a suitable gelatin texture and a pale transparent yellow color . All tested fungi except Penicilliumsp. showed higher growth on TPA , on the other side the fungal biomass increased significantly by TP broth in comparison with PC broth (ANOVA test at 0.05 level). Conclusions : Pollens of cattail (T. domingensis ) provide a suitable environment , and nutritive requirements for fungi .It can be usedeasily and successfully as essential substrate for preparing culture medium for primary isolation of fungi. A farther studies were needed to gain a view about using T.domingensis pollens to isolate pathogenic fungi and bacteria.

Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan ◽  
Dora Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Plant Alkaloids ◽  
In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

Structural aspects of osmoregulation in porphyra

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
C. Wiencke ◽  
A. Lauchli
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Agents ◽  
Vacuolar System ◽  
Structural Aspects

Osmoregulatory mechanisms in algae were investigated mainly from a physiological point of view (KAUSS 1977, HELLEBUST 1976). In Porphyra two osmotic agents, i. e. floridoside/isofloridoside (KAUSS 1968) and certain ions, such as K+ and Na+(EPPLEY et al. 1960) are considered for osmotic balance. Accumulations of ions (particularly Na+) in the cytoplasm during osmotic adaptation is improbable, because the activity of enzymes is generally inhibited by high ionic concentrations (FLOWERS et al. 1977).The cellular organization of Porphyra was studied with special emphasis on the development of the vacuolar system under different hyperosmotic conditions. Porphyra was cultivated at various strengths of the culture medium ASP 12 (PROVASOLI 1961) ranging from normal to 6 times concentrated (6x) culture medium. Por electron microscopy freeze fracturing was used (specimens fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and incubated in 30% glycerol, preparation in a BALZERS BA 360 M apparatus), because chemical fixation gave poor results.

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