scholarly journals Urban renewal applicable to an increase in density: Conceptualization of compact-KDT in Vietnam with Hanoi as a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Tran Minh Tung
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
High Level

Urban renewal projects are becoming more and more active, especially in public-owned gold land plots in Vietnam's cities center. The re-development of these land resources known as the residentialization: transformation of different land-use functions into new residential areas (also new neighborhoods) - the KDTM ({Khu Do Thi Moi} abbreviated in Vietnamese) - is increasing the urban density in these areas. Vietnam uses three factors to control urban density: building density; number of floors and/or height of the building; floor area ratio. The current tasks of land-use policies are the determination of an urban density that can adapt to the development of urban space; take full advantage of the land value increment, boost investments without causing any consequences because of the overcrowded population. The residential units will be called compact units when their (occupancy) density exceeds the threshold of 300 persons/ha. For the Compact-KDT concept (compacted KDTM), it is recommended to have: (1) the average level of compactness corresponding to the density of 300 to 600 persons/ha; (2a) the high level of compactness to be controlled - 600 to 1200 persons/ha; (2b) the high level of compactness to be strictly controlled and applied in some exceptional cases - 1200 to 2000 persons/ha; (3) the extremely high level of compactness to be avoided - more than 2000 persons/ha. A Compact-KDT always guarantees the functions of a "normal" KDTM, there are some functionalities that should be added: organization of land-use and spatial functions; public spaces; internal traffic; and reducing energy consumption and the use of non-recyclable natural resources. Rather than being passive to fluctuations in urban density, this increase can be accommodated with a calm and fair attitude by analyzing adverse consequences and the benefits of this process, not just negative effects for the development of urban space, the concentration of population and the economic growth of cities. Keywords: urban renewal; urban density; new urban areas/new residential areas (KDTM - Khu Do Thi Moi); residentialization; (new) compact urban areas (Compacted KDTM/Compact-KDT).

scholarly journals Houston, We Have a Gentrification Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-198
Author(s):  
Madeline Marguerite Byers
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants

Local environmental improvement plans are increasingly popular among urban planners. As climate change and environmental justice concerns increase, many communities demand a change in local land use policies that put these concerns at the forefront. One such community is the city of Houston, Texas, which issued several environmental improvement plans in recent years after the devastation of Hurricane Harvey. As used in this Comment, an environmental improvement plan is a local government planning initiative that aims to implement positive environmental change in urban areas historically burdened by environmental hazards. Such neighborhoods are often undeveloped, low-socioeconomic communities blighted by an accumulation of hazardous pollutants. These communities lack open, green space, clean and affordable natural resources, and resiliency against natural disasters. However, when cities successfully implement environmental improvement plans, targeted neighborhoods often undergo gentrification, thereby displacing the poorer community members into another area blighted by the same environmental hazards the plan was intended to protect them from. This Comment seeks to explore the intended benefits of Houston’s various environmental improvement initiatives, to evaluate the current gentrification trends in Houston neighborhoods targeted for improvement, and to highlight the potential future concerns for vulnerable Houston neighborhoods as these new land-use policies go into effect. Environmental improvement plans are an important and necessary aspect of responsible and sustainable development, but, if implemented without regard to possible gentrification effects, they can have negative, unintended consequences on a city’s diversity and economic health. Fortunately, there are ways that city planners and community members can mitigate these negative effects and ensure positive change and inclusive growth.

Transit-Oriented Planning

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Boarnet ◽  
Randall C. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Land Use Policies

There has been a boom in American rail transit construction in the past two decades. That new investment has prompted the question of what planners can do to support rail transit. One popular answer has been transit-oriented development (TOD), increasingly described as a comprehensive strategy for rail-based land-use planning throughout an urban area. This is most clearly illustrated by Bernick and Cervero’s (1997) description of how such projects can link together to create “transit metropolises” where rail is a viable transportation option for many of the region’s residents. In addition, TOD provides an opportunity to examine the regulatory issues discussed in chapter 6, both because it is an explicit attempt to use urban design as transportation policy and because the intergovernmental issues are especially stark in relation to these developments. Having discussed how travelers behave in the first part of this book, we now ask what we know about how cities behave. Stated in general form, the question is rather broad. It concerns the process by which cities and other land-use authorities decide where to put streets, how to structure the local hierarchy of streets, when to develop more or less densely, how to position employment centers relative to residential areas, and so on. Still, the feasibility of land-use plans with transportation goals depends critically on how such authorities behave. Any discussion of the effectiveness of these strategies must address both how communities plan for transportation and how travelers respond to those plans. The primary transportation goal of TOD generally, as currently practiced, is to coordinate land-use policies to support rail transit. In particular, focusing both residential and commercial development near rail transit stations is aimed at increasing rail ridership (e.g., Bernick, 1990; Bernick and Hall, 1990; Calthorpe, 1993; Cervero, 1993; Bernick and Cervero, 1997). Some evidence suggests that residents near rail transit stations are two to five times more likely to commute by rail when compared with persons living elsewhere in the same urban area (Pushkarev and Zupan, 1977; Bernick and Carroll, 1991; Cervero, 1994d).

scholarly journals Pollination services enhanced with urbanization despite increasing pollinator parasitism

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20160561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Theodorou ◽  
Rita Radzevičiūtė ◽  
Josef Settele ◽  
Oliver Schweiger ◽  
Tomás E. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Crithidia Bombi ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Animal-mediated pollination is required for the reproduction of the majority of angiosperms, and pollinators are therefore essential for ecosystem functioning and the economy. Two major threats to insect pollinators are anthropogenic land-use change and the spread of pathogens, whose effects may interact to impact pollination. Here, we investigated the relative effects on the ecosystem service of pollination of (i) land-use change brought on by agriculture and urbanization as well as (ii) the prevalence of pollinator parasites, using experimental insect pollinator-dependent plant species in natural pollinator communities. We found that pollinator habitat (i.e. availability of nesting resources for ground-nesting bees and local flower richness) was strongly related to flower visitation rates at the local scale and indirectly influenced plant pollination success. At the landscape scale, pollination was positively related to urbanization, both directly and indirectly via elevated visitation rates. Bumblebees were the most abundant pollinator group visiting experimental flowers. Prevalence of trypanosomatids, such as the common bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi, was higher in urban compared with agricultural areas, a relationship which was mediated through higher Bombus abundance. Yet, we did not find any top-down, negative effects of bumblebee parasitism on pollination. We conclude that urban areas can be places of high transmission of both pollen and pathogens.

scholarly journals Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran

GeoScape ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Navid Forouhar ◽  
Amir Forouhar ◽  
Mahnoosh Hasankhani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Commercial Development

Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.

scholarly journals PARKS IN THE FIELD OF INCLUSIVE NATURE MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1(78)) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
N.V. VERNIHOROVA
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level

Topicality. Today, the concept of inclusion is widely used in socio-economic aspects of people's lives, including in the organization of urban space. The implementation of the principles of inclusion in the field of nature management has great potential in the field of park management. At the moment it is known about the creation of the first inclusive park in Ukraine in the Dnieper. Its creation is based on the principles of affordable and safe recreation in the park for children with disabilities. Therefore, based on the role of parks as an element of public space, it is important to highlight the main opportunities and goals of their use in the field of inclusive nature management. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the features of inclusive nature management in general purpose parks. Research results. The introduction of an inclusive approach in the field of nature management is based on solving the problems of accessibility to ecosystem services of all segments of the population. Due to the vulnerability and high level of destruction of artificial ecosystems, certain environmental regulations must be met in the field of park management. These requirements are created in accordance with the specifics of the park's ecosystems and their intended use. Some types of city parks, such as: arboretums, botanical gardens, zoos, parks-monuments of landscape art, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine", are classified as objects of protection. Thus, the quality of ecosystem services in these areas to some extent depends on the implementation of environmental requirements. Conclusion. The study outlines the essential differences between socio-economic and natural inclusion. The main goals of the park facilities within the framework of the implementation of the inclusive approach are outlined. The positive consequences of the expansion of recreation parks and moderate recreation in urban areas are highlighted.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMART BUILDING CONCEPT IN PARAHYANGAN OFFICE RENTAL SPACE AND APARTMENT DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Hafiz Nurrahman ◽  
Asep Yudi Permana ◽  
Indah Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Intelligent Building ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
The People ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time And Energy

The design of Parahyangan Office Rental Space and Apartment is intended to create offices and residential areas that accommodate business and residential functions with the concept of smart building applied to various aspects of architectural design. Parahyangan Office Rental Space and Apartment is the offices and residential areas that accommodate the needs of community in Kota Baru Parahyangan, not only in business activities but also in residence. In this area, the offices become a place for business and economic activities for the people of Kota Baru Parahyangan and its surroundings. Moreover, the offices also become the biggest business center and office center in Kota Baru Parahyangan and/or Bandung Regency and its surroundings. Meanwhile, the residential areas are the place for the emergence of vertical residential needs in Kota Baru Parahyangan. The Smart building concept is chosen because of the need for efficiency in activities. Living in urban areas requires a high level of mobility and movement, which can be supported using the smart building concept. The system of buildings, in which the occupants live and do their activities, can be set through the intelligent building, so that residents can allocate their time and energy to other things. Smart building can also generate comfortable, productive, and simpler life for residents of the building.Keywords: Smart Building, Office, Residence

scholarly journals The Challenge of Social Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Land Use Changes for Sustainable Urban Planning—Case Studies: Developing Cities in Romania

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Camelia Sabina Botezan ◽  
Andrei Radovici ◽  
Iulia Ajtai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Urban growth triggers massive changes in land use cover, exacerbating extreme natural and technological events. In order for land use planning to be efficient, it requires the integration of comprehensive risk and vulnerability assessment. This paper aims to create a bridge between the existing vulnerability theories and their implementation in land use planning policies and proposes an innovative approach to determine whether the changes in the territorial dynamics of cities draw considerable changes in communities’ social vulnerability. The methodology identifies and selects three case studies from the Urban Atlas inventory, representative of the dynamics of large Romanian cities, taking into consideration the following hazards: earthquakes, floods, and technological hazards. Vulnerability was then assessed by assigning each land use class a specific vulnerability level. The methodology involved assessing the level of vulnerability specific to the situation in 2018 compared to 2006. The results showed that major changes in land use are related to the transition of areas with a low level of vulnerability to areas with a higher level of vulnerability as a result of the urban areas expansion to the detriment of natural and agricultural areas. This is generally translated into a higher degree of vulnerability due to an increased density of artificial elements and of population in the residential areas. The findings of the study of territorial dynamics in the proximity of large industrial operators did not reveal a tendency that differed from the general trend. Although many territorial changes have been observed in the period 2006–2018, it is necessary to extend the analysis, with the issue of the new versions of the Urban Atlas, to confirm the identified trends and to express the up-to-date situation.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Floods in Lahore, Pakistan using GIS based integrated Analytical Hierarchy Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Sahar Zia ◽  
Safdar A. Shirazi ◽  
Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Flood Risk Mapping

Urban flooding is getting attention due to its adverse impact on urban lives in mega cities of the developing world particularly Pakistan. This study aims at finding a suitable methodology for mapping urban flooded areas to estimate urban flooding vulnerability risks in the cities of developing countries particularly Lahore, Pakistan. To detect the urban flooded vulnerability and risk areas due to natural disaster, GIS-based integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied for the case of Lahore, which is the second most populous city and capital of the Punjab, Pakistan. For the present research, the flood risk mapping is prepared by considering these significant physical factors like elevation, slope, and distribution of rainfall, land use, density of the drainage network, and soil type. Results show that the land use factor is the most significant to detect vulnerable areas near roads and commercial areas. For instance, this method of detection is 88%, 80% and 70% accurate for roads, commercial and residential areas. The methodology implemented in the present research can provide a practical tool and techniques to relevant policy and decision-makers authorities to prioritize and actions to mitigate flood risk and vulnerabilities and identify certain vulnerable urban areas, while formulating a methodology for future urban flood risk and vulnerability mitigation through an objectively simple and organizationally secure approach. 

scholarly journals Co-housing as the way to achieve a good density in the cities – Warsaw case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kosk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Flexibility Design ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Individual

Constant population growth in urban areas is one of the main global problems, and its importance grows with the depletion of non-renewable resources. The efficient, effective and responsible use of land is supposed to be an aim, the achievement of which will profit cities. The crucial question is, how cities can achieve this aim. The author of this article intends to discuss the individual problems which prevent achieving an appropriate density in Warsaw, and find ways of solving or reducing these problems. A proposed main hypothesis is, that the introduction of an alternative type of housing, namely co-housing can become a way to obtain a good density in the cities. Confirmation of this hypothesis is derived on the basis of the analysis of residential estates created following the rules of co-housing developed in Germany, in relation to similar problems. The purpose of the article was also to remind that Warsaw has a rich tradition in creating social efforts developments. The main social ideas was presented on the basic of the project of Polish housing estate designed in the Rakowiec district in Warsaw by H. and Sz. Syrkus, which was established in 1934-1938 The research part of the article was conducted through a comparison of spatial elements of Warsaw, employing the same criteria, which were adopted based on the several, selected characteristics of good density published in the ULI report, such as: mixed use of land, planned, cohesive, liveable, spacious, flexibility, design, green. The conducted comparison demonstrates, that Warsaw has a lot of different problems with obtaining a good density. These are: mono-functional areas in the suburbs, social disparity, the housing market dominated by developers, lack of enough, well-arranged public spaces combined with residential areas, lack of identity neighborhoods, insufficient attention to the local context in the process of designing new buildings, insufficient attention to the environment in terms of creation of buildings, too little green spaces and gardens in the inner city. The presented analyses show that the introducing concept of co-housing can help Warsaw with obtaining a good density. In order to obtain a high quality of the urban space, decisions regarding it should therefore be made simultaneously on three scales: spatial planning, urban planning and architectural planning. Architecture must cooperate with the existing urban fabric. All users of urban life should participate in its creation: development companies, municipal authorities that are responsible for spatial order, architects and residents.

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