INVESTIGATION ON THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES OF THE ENZYME DURING THE CRYOTHERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Variables

scholarly journals Theory of Thermodynamic Variables of Rubber Band Heat Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 012091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhidayah Muharayu ◽  
Widayani ◽  
Khairurrijal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Engine ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables

A Tool for Thermoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of Gas, Steam, and Combined Plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Agazzani ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the capability of an original “modular” simulator tool for the thermoeconomic analysis of thermal-energy systems. The approach employed is based on the Thermoeconomic Functional Analysis (T.F.A.), which, through definition of the “functional productive diagram” and the establishment of the capital cost function of each component, allows the marginal costs and the unit product costs, i.e., the “internal economy,” of the functional exergy flows to be obtained in correspondence to the optimum point. The optimum design of the system is obtained utilizing a traditional optimization technique, which includes both physical structure of the energy system described in terms of thermodynamic variables and cost model (capital cost of the components, maintenance and amortization factors, unit fuel cost, unit electricity cost, etc.). As an application example to show the practicability of the tool, the thermoeconomic analysis of various complex multipressure combined cycles (with or without steam reheating) is carried out. The results are analyzed and discussed in depth.

scholarly journals On the dynamics of some small structural motifs in rRNA upon ligand binding

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rakic ◽  
Petar Mitrasinovic
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Reference Structure ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Conformational Model ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

The present study characterizes using molecular dynamics simulations the behavior of the GAA (1186-1188) hairpin triloops with their closing c-g base pairs in large ribonucleoligand complexes (PDB IDs: 1njn, 1nwy, 1jzx). The relative energies of the motifs in the complexes with respect to that in the reference structure (unbound form of rRNA; PDB ID: 1njp) display the trends that agree with those of the conformational parameters reported in a previous study1 utilizing the de novo pseudotorsional (?,?) approach. The RNA regions around the actual RNA-ligand contacts, which experience the most substantial conformational changes upon formation of the complexes were identified. The thermodynamic parameters, based on a two-state conformational model of RNA sequences containing 15, 21 and 27 nucleotides in the immediate vicinity of the particular binding sites, were evaluated. From a more structural standpoint, the strain of a triloop, being far from the specific contacts and interacting primarily with other parts of the ribosome, was established as a structural feature which conforms to the trend of the average values of the thermodynamic variables corresponding to the three motifs defined by the 15-, 21- and 27-nucleotide sequences. From a more functional standpoint, RNA-ligand recognition is suggested to be presumably dictated by the types of ligands in the complexes.

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidative decomposition of Congo red by Fenton’s reagent and its synergic effects on exposure to UV radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
P. Rajendran ◽  
K. Geethu ◽  
P. Bashpa ◽  
K. Bijudas
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Homogeneous Medium ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Kinetics And Mechanism ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
Oxidative Decomposition ◽  
Ultra Violet Radiation ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables

Congo red is a toxic azo dye which is used extensively in industries like textile, paper, pulp and paper. Very high amount of Congo red from these industrial sources is discharged into natural water bodies resulting environmental pollution. The present work reports the kinetics and mechanism of oxidative decomposition of Congo red by Fenton’s reagent in homogeneous medium and also under ultra violet light irradiation. Kinetic parameters like effect of [Fe2+], [H2O2], [Congo red] and temperature on the decomposition of Congo red were studied. The reaction is found to be fractional order with [Fe2+] and first order with [H2O2] and [Congo red]. The rate of oxidative decomposition of Congo red by Fenton’ reagent showed a rapid increase of three times when irradiated with ultra violet radiation and completion of reaction occurred within 5-6 minute. Various thermodynamic variables were determined and the presence of isosbestic points on sequential scanning of oxidation kinetics proves that the reaction is very smooth, spontaneous and endothermic. A suitable mechanism is suggested based on the experimental results obtained.

Symmetrization of interface dynamics equations

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid K. Antanovskii
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Unsteady Motion ◽  
Free Boundaries ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
Construction Of Self ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables ◽  
Capillary Fluid ◽  
Similar Solutions

The system of conservation laws governing heat and mass transfer processes in a continuous medium is obtained in a symmetric form on the basis of the successive application of fundamental thermodynamic principles. This approach involves reformulating the problem in intensive thermodynamic variables such as the temperature and chemical potential. The equations of capillary fluid mechanics and phase transitions with moving free boundaries are analysed in detail. The unsteady motion of a drop driven by buoyancy forces in an unbounded ambient fluid with dilute surfactants is investigated where the LeChatelier principle is established for an arbitrary surfactant. The general procedure for construction of self-similar solutions for the thermodiffusive Stefan problem with piecewise constant matrices of coefficients is described

scholarly journals Macroscopic Entropy of Non-Equilibrium Systems and Postulates of Extended Thermodynamics: Application to Transport Phenomena and Chemical Reactions in Nanoparticles

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Serdyukov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Entropy Density ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Systems ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables

In this work, we consider extended irreversible thermodynamics in assuming that the entropy density is a function of both common thermodynamic variables and their higher-order time derivatives. An expression for entropy production, and the linear phenomenological equations describing diffusion and chemical reactions, are found in the context of this approach. Solutions of the sets of linear equations with respect to fluxes and their higher-order time derivatives allow the coefficients of diffusion and reaction rate constants to be established as functions of size of the nanosystems in which these reactions occur. The Maxwell-Cattaneo and Jeffreys constitutive equations, as well as the higher-order constitutive equations, which describe the processes in reaction-diffusion systems, are obtained.

scholarly journals The Use of Moist Potential Vorticity Vector as Diagnostic Variable of Rainfall Events in Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Philbert Modest Luhunga ◽  
Agnes Kijazi ◽  
Ladislaus Chang a ◽  
Chuki A Sangalugembe ◽  
Doreen Mwara Anande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Vorticity ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Topographic Effects ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Vorticity Vector ◽  
Moist Potential Vorticity ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables

The work of this paper is a first step of the new paradigm, to use the Moist Potential Vorticity Vector (MPVV) as a diagnostic variable of rainfall events in Tanzania. The paper aims at computing and assessing the usefulness of MPVV in the diagnosis of rainfall events that occurred on 08th and 09th May 2017 over different regions in Tanzania. The relative contributions of horizontal, vertical components and the magnitude of MPVV on diagnosis of rainfall events are assessed. Hourly dynamic and thermodynamic variables of wind speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity from the numerical output generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, running at Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) are used in computation of MPVV. The computed MPVV is then compared with WRF model forecasts and observed rainfall. It is found that in most parts of the country, particularly over coastal areas and North-Eastern Highlands, MPVV exhibited positive values in the lower troposphere (925hPa) and (850hPa) indicating local instability possibly associated with topographic effects, and continent/ocean contrast. MPVV is mostly positive with slightly negative values indicating instabilities (due to possible convective instability). Moreover, MPVV provides remarkably accurate tracking of the locations received rainfall, suggesting its potential use as a dynamic diagnostic variable of rainfall events in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Inter-comparison of ABL height estimates from different profiling sensors and models in the framework of HyMeX-SOP1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Summa ◽  
Fabio Madonna ◽  
Noemi Franco ◽  
Bendetto De Rosa ◽  
Paolo Di Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Friction Velocity ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Radiosonde Station ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamic ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. This paper reports results from an inter-comparison effort involving different sensors/techniques used to measure the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) height. The effort took place in the framework of the first Special Observing Period of the Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX-SOP1). Elastic backscatter and rotational Raman signals collected by the Raman lidar system BASIL were used to determine the ABL height and characterize its internal structure. These techniques were compared with co-located measurements from a wind profiler and radiosondes and with ECMWF-ERA5 data. In the effort we consider radiosondes launched in the proximity of the lidar site, as well as radiosondes launched from the closest radiosonde station included in the Integrated Global Radiosonde archive (IGRA). The inter-comparison effort considers data from October 2012. Results reveal a good agreement between the different approaches, with values of the correlation coefficient R2 in the range 0.52 to 0.94. Results clearly reveals that the combined application of different techniques to distinct sensors’ and model datasets allow getting accurate and cross-validated estimates of the ABL height over a variety of weather conditions. Furthermore, correlations between the ABL height and other atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic variables as CAPE, friction velocity and relative humidity are also assessed to infer possible mutual dependences.

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