Irreversible Thermodynamics at Surfaces: Inverse Edelstein Effect for Topological Insulator

We employ Onsager’s irreversible thermodynamics (IrTh) to study the Inverse Edelstein effect (IEE) for a non-magnetic material (NM) adjacent to a topological insulator (TI) with a strong spin-orbit interaction. The TI surface state region is treated as quasi two-dimensional (2d). For the IEE, the source is a 3d spin flux incident from the NM that converts, at the NM/TI interface, to a quasi-2d charge current in the TI. For the Edelstein Effect (EE), the source is a quasi-2d charge flux incident from the TI that converts, at the interface, to a three-dimensional (3d) spin flux in the NM. For strong spin-orbit coupling, as considered here, when the 3d spin flux crosses to the 2d TI, the quasi-2d charge current is produced along with a quasi-2d spin accumulation. (For weak spin-orbit coupling, production of charge current and of spin accumulation are distinct processes.) We compute the associated rates of heating.

On the Connections between Thermodynamics and General Relativity

<p>In this thesis, the connections between thermodynamics and general relativity are explored. We introduce some of the history of the interaction between these two theories and take some time to individually study important concepts of both of them. Then, we move on to explore the concept of gravitationally induced temperature gradients in equilibrium states, first introduced by Richard Tolman. We explore these Tolman-like temperature gradients, understanding their physical origin and whether they can be generated by other forces or not. We then generalize this concept for fluids following generic four-velocities, which are not necessarily generated by Killing vectors, in general stationary space-times. Some examples are given. Driven by the interest of understanding and possibly extending the concept of equilibrium for fluids following trajectories which are not generated by Killing vectors, we dedicate ourselves to a more fundamental question: can we still define thermal equilibrium for non-Killing flows? To answer this question we review two of the main theories of relativistic non-perfect fluids: Classical Irreversible Thermodynamics and Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics. We also take a tour through the interesting concept of Born-rigid motion, showing some explicit examples of non-Killing rigid flows for Bianchi Type I space-times. These results are important since they show that the Herglotz–Noether theorem cannot be extended for general curved space-times. We then connect the Born-rigid concept with the results obtained by the relativistic fluid’s equilibrium conditions and show that the exact thermodynamic equilibrium can only be achieved along a Killing flow. We do, however, introduce some interesting possibilities which are allowed for non-Killing flows. We then launch into black hole thermodynamics, specifically studying the trans-Planckian problem for Hawking radiation. We construct a kinematical model consisting of matching two Vaidya spacetimes along a thin shell and show that, as long as the Hawking radiation is emitted only a few Planck lengths (in proper distance) away from the horizon, the trans-Plackian problem can be avoided. We conclude with a brief discussion about what was presented and what can be done in the future.</p>

On the Connections between Thermodynamics and General Relativity

<p>In this thesis, the connections between thermodynamics and general relativity are explored. We introduce some of the history of the interaction between these two theories and take some time to individually study important concepts of both of them. Then, we move on to explore the concept of gravitationally induced temperature gradients in equilibrium states, first introduced by Richard Tolman. We explore these Tolman-like temperature gradients, understanding their physical origin and whether they can be generated by other forces or not. We then generalize this concept for fluids following generic four-velocities, which are not necessarily generated by Killing vectors, in general stationary space-times. Some examples are given. Driven by the interest of understanding and possibly extending the concept of equilibrium for fluids following trajectories which are not generated by Killing vectors, we dedicate ourselves to a more fundamental question: can we still define thermal equilibrium for non-Killing flows? To answer this question we review two of the main theories of relativistic non-perfect fluids: Classical Irreversible Thermodynamics and Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics. We also take a tour through the interesting concept of Born-rigid motion, showing some explicit examples of non-Killing rigid flows for Bianchi Type I space-times. These results are important since they show that the Herglotz–Noether theorem cannot be extended for general curved space-times. We then connect the Born-rigid concept with the results obtained by the relativistic fluid’s equilibrium conditions and show that the exact thermodynamic equilibrium can only be achieved along a Killing flow. We do, however, introduce some interesting possibilities which are allowed for non-Killing flows. We then launch into black hole thermodynamics, specifically studying the trans-Planckian problem for Hawking radiation. We construct a kinematical model consisting of matching two Vaidya spacetimes along a thin shell and show that, as long as the Hawking radiation is emitted only a few Planck lengths (in proper distance) away from the horizon, the trans-Plackian problem can be avoided. We conclude with a brief discussion about what was presented and what can be done in the future.</p>

An overview of entropy principle

A brief overview of the development from classical linear irreversible thermodynamics to the modern rational thermodynamics with Coleman–Noll and Müller–Liu procedures is presented, emphasizing the basic assumptions and formulation details. The major arguments concerned are the improvement of physical assumptions and mathematical formulation differences. Extended thermodynamics is also briefly commented.

High-order fluxes in heat transfer with phonons and electrons: application towavepropagation

We propose a theoretical model to study heat transfer at the nanoscale by means of high-order thermodynamic fluxes. The model is fully compatible with the model of heat transfer of extended irreversible thermodynamics, represents a generalization of the Guyer–Krumhansl proposal (Guyer & Krumhansl 1966 Phys. Rev. 148 ) and is able to deal with relaxational and non-local effects. It also accounts for the role played by the different heat carriers (electrons and/or lattice vibrations) and captures different heat-carrier temperatures. The proposed model is hyperbolic and is used to investigate the propagation of thermal waves.

A chemo-mechano-thermodynamical contact theory for adhesion, friction, and (de)bonding reactions

This work presents a self-contained continuum formulation for coupled chemical, mechanical, and thermal contact interactions. The formulation is very general and, hence, admits arbitrary geometry, deformation, and material behavior. All model equations are derived rigorously from the balance laws of mass, momentum, energy, and entropy in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, thus exposing all the coupling present in the field equations and constitutive relations. In the process, the conjugated kinematic and kinetic variables for mechanical, thermal, and chemical contact are identified, and the analogies between mechanical, thermal, and chemical contact are highlighted. Particular focus is placed on the thermodynamics of chemical bonding distinguishing between exothermic and endothermic contact reactions. Distinction is also made between long-range, non-touching surface interactions and short-range, touching contact. For all constitutive relations, examples are proposed and discussed comprehensively with particular focus on their coupling. Finally, three analytical test cases are presented that illustrate the thermo-chemo-mechanical contact coupling and are useful for verifying computational models. Although the main novelty is the extension of existing contact formulations to chemical contact, the presented formulation also sheds new light on thermo-mechanical contact, because it is consistently derived from basic principles using only a few assumptions.

Particle creation from thermodynamics point of view in f(𝒢,T) gravity

This paper aims to discuss the gravitationally induced particle creation in the framework of [Formula: see text] theory, which involves the non-minimal coupling (NMC) between Gauss–Bonnet (GB) invariant, [Formula: see text] and trace of the energy–momentum tensor (EMT), [Formula: see text]. Here, NMC between matter and gravitational sector results in non-divergence of EMT. We discuss the generalized conservation equation for the irreversible process of matter creation with the help of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT). Particle creation rate, creation pressure, entropy production rate and temperature are obtained for this theory using flat FRW geometry. We work on three particular [Formula: see text] models and study cosmological implications of open irreversible thermodynamics. Furthermore, the impact of NMC on cosmological evolution and entropy production is briefly discussed.