Foreign trade of Russia with Latin American countries: situation and prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Nikolay Shkolyar
Author(s):  
Sandra Kuntz-Ficker

AbstractThis essay aims to introduce an issue of the RHE-JILAEH dedicated to the reconstruction of historical trade statistics of Latin American countries. It comments on the early perceptions of the quality and utility of historical trade statistics and on the way in which more recent analyses have overcome the distrust that prevailed until the last third of the 20th century. It then summarises the different criteria and methodologies that have been used to assess the accuracy and reliability of trade statistics in order to make them useful for the purpose of reconstructing new, more complete and precise trade series or re-estimating those available. The introduction ends with a brief description of the contents of this volume.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1596
Author(s):  
A.M. Chernysheva

Subject. As the global economy currently evolves during the emergence of the multipolar world, emerging countries strive to diversify their foreign trade and gradually escape the strict impact of the leading economies. In the multipolar world countries need their economic policies to ensure the national economic security. Objectives. I examine the foreign trade in some countries of Latin America and economic alliances there. I also evaluate trends in the development of export and import indicators of Brazil, trace the trajectory of their further development by country. Methods. In this study, I analyze documents in public domain, including statistical data on exports and imports of Brazil with reference to the USA, China, Russia, Germany, France, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. The study is based on the systems approach, comparative and statistical methods of data research. Results. Nowadays, in the current economic situation worldwide the multipolar order gains momentum. Foreign trade is being actively diversified by those countries that fall into geopolitical pursuits of leading economies. Conclusions and Relevance. Diversifying the foreign trade and adhering to the multi-faceted economic policy, countries will ensure their economic security notwithstanding the multipolar world order. Currently, the Latin American countries take much effort to diversify their foreign trade, though they are strongly influenced by the USA as an area of their geopolitical ambitions. I should mention a growing importance of China in areas of someone else's geopolitical interest.


Author(s):  
Reydezel García-Martínez ◽  
Roma Pamela Conde-Fernández ◽  
Alonso Castro-Moreno ◽  
Gabriela Ortega-Estrada

In this work, commercial exchanges are quantitatively analyzed (imports and exports) of Mexico with respect to its commercial partners in Central and South America, for this purpose, the existing commercial balances between the various countries have been taken into account, subjecting the analysis of the information to the correlation of two variables: on one hand, the correlation coefficient, in such a way that a dependent relationship can be established between the aforementioned| economics; likewise, the implication of the treaties in the increase in exports is determined and analyzed. The interpretation of these data is useful for those who intend to acquire a panoramic perspective of the foreign trade that the Latin American countries affect and that keep Mexico as their destination. Taking into account these data and the comparative advantage of these nations, some sectors are provided that could represent niches of opportunity for the export of goods to Mexico for micro, small and mediumsized Latin American companies.


1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.


2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Muglia Wechsler ◽  
Maria Perez Solis ◽  
Conceicao Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Magno ◽  
Norma Contini ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Tania P. Hernández-Hernández

Throughout the nineteenth century, European booksellers and publishers, mostly from France, England, Germany and Spain, produced textual materials in Europe and introduced them into Mexico and other Latin American countries. These transatlantic interchanges unfolded against the backdrop of the emergence of the international legal system to protect translation rights and required the involvement of a complex network of agents who carried with them publishing, translating and negotiating practices, in addition to books, pamphlets, prints and other goods. Tracing the trajectories of translated books and the socio-cultural, economic and legal forces shaping them, this article examines the legal battle over the translation and publishing rights of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire, a chemistry book authored by Jean Girardin and translated and published in Spanish by Jean-Frédéric Rosa. Drawing on a socio-historical approach to translation, I argue that the arguments presented by both parties are indicative of the uncertainty surrounding the legal status of translated texts and of the different values then attributed to translation.


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