scholarly journals LATIN AMERICAN FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS FOR THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kuntz-Ficker
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis essay aims to introduce an issue of the RHE-JILAEH dedicated to the reconstruction of historical trade statistics of Latin American countries. It comments on the early perceptions of the quality and utility of historical trade statistics and on the way in which more recent analyses have overcome the distrust that prevailed until the last third of the 20th century. It then summarises the different criteria and methodologies that have been used to assess the accuracy and reliability of trade statistics in order to make them useful for the purpose of reconstructing new, more complete and precise trade series or re-estimating those available. The introduction ends with a brief description of the contents of this volume.

ECHOES AND REPERCUSSIONS OF THE PROCLAMATION OF THE SECOND REPUBLIC AND THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR IN LATIN AMERICA: A PRELIMINARY APPROXIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Pablo Buchbinder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Secular Education ◽  
The Face ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Way

The aim of the article is to study the repercussions of the beginning of the Spanish Second Republic and the rebellion of July 18 in various Latin American countries. The cases of Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay are studied in particular. These repercussions are analyzed in the framework of the rise of dictatorial and authoritarian governments in most of these countries with the exception of Mexico since the early 1930s. The way in which governments, the Spanish immigrant com-munities and the different social groups in these countries acted in the face of both episodes are studied. The repercussions generated by the anticlerical policy of the first government of the second republic are an-alyzed, especially in the face of the dissolution of the company of Jesus and the introduction of secular education. The tensions that these poli-cies provoked in Argentina and Chile and the support that the second republic obtained in Mexico are analyzed. On the other hand, the way in which the news of the uprising of July 18, 1936 was received is studied. The support for the army by the governments of Uruguay and Chile and, again, the support that the Spanish legal government obtained in Mexico is analyzed.

scholarly journals Bonhoeffer in Latin American perceptions: An inspiration to overcome structures of injustice?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Walter Altmann
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Dietrich Bonhoeffer ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Latin American Theology ◽  
Protestant Theologian ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Way

This article traces the influence of the German pastor and theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer on Latin American theology. In addition to indicating the access to Bonhoeffer’s writings, the article attends to Bonhoeffer’s reception in various Latin American countries, including in the work of the Protestant theologian Alejandro Zorzin (from Uruguay) and the Roman Catholic theologian Érico Hammes (from Brazil). The article attests to the way in which Bonhoeffer’s theology is seen as a theological resource to inspire those who seek justice in their socio-political struggles.

Accounting Systems' Classification in Latin America

2015 ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
Raquel Wille Sarquis ◽  
Rudah Giasson Luccas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Latin America Countries ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Way

This chapter aims to propose a classification based on accounting systems of five Latin American countries that have adopted IFRS. More specifically, we seek to identify which is the position of each country within this group of countries as a whole, providing empirical evidences of whether the accounting practices in Latin America countries are harmonized in the IFRS era, or not. Despite of international efforts around the convergence to IFRS, where companies would use the same accounting standard, reducing the differences in terms of accounting practices, there is empirical evidence of significant differences in the way that IFRS has been applied worldwide, resulting in “national versions of IFRS”. The results of this chapter provide empirical evidence that accounting practices in Latin America countries are harmonized, considering that the five countries analyzed have similar characteristics in terms of accounting systems.

The economic policy of the Latin American countries during the emergence of the multipolar world

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1596
Author(s):  
A.M. Chernysheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
World Order ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Latin American Countries

Subject. As the global economy currently evolves during the emergence of the multipolar world, emerging countries strive to diversify their foreign trade and gradually escape the strict impact of the leading economies. In the multipolar world countries need their economic policies to ensure the national economic security. Objectives. I examine the foreign trade in some countries of Latin America and economic alliances there. I also evaluate trends in the development of export and import indicators of Brazil, trace the trajectory of their further development by country. Methods. In this study, I analyze documents in public domain, including statistical data on exports and imports of Brazil with reference to the USA, China, Russia, Germany, France, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. The study is based on the systems approach, comparative and statistical methods of data research. Results. Nowadays, in the current economic situation worldwide the multipolar order gains momentum. Foreign trade is being actively diversified by those countries that fall into geopolitical pursuits of leading economies. Conclusions and Relevance. Diversifying the foreign trade and adhering to the multi-faceted economic policy, countries will ensure their economic security notwithstanding the multipolar world order. Currently, the Latin American countries take much effort to diversify their foreign trade, though they are strongly influenced by the USA as an area of their geopolitical ambitions. I should mention a growing importance of China in areas of someone else's geopolitical interest.

scholarly journals Designation of Origin Distillates in Mexico: Value Chains and Territorial Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5496
Author(s):  
Pablo Pérez-Akaki ◽  
Nadia Viridiana Vega-Vera ◽  
Yuritzi Paola Enríquez-Caballero ◽  
Marisol Velázquez-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Benefit Distribution ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Way

Geographical Indications (GI) have been used in several countries, mainly in Europe, as tools to promote territorial development. These tools have been adopted in Latin American countries without serious reflection on their scope, limits, and advantages. One of the most relevant elements therein corresponds to the way in which these assets participate in value chains, whether short or long, which has important implications for governance, benefit distribution, geographic organization of value accumulation processes, among others. With that in mind, we identify the two most relevant Mexican GIs—namely Designation of Origin Tequila (DOT) and Designation of Origin Mezcal (DOM)—to analyze how their value chains have been constructed and their impact on territorial development. We conclude that GIs tend to adopt large value chains to satisfy long-distance demand, but they can have negative territorial effects if institutions are not strong enough to appropriately incorporate territorial stakeholders’ demands.

scholarly journals Relación comercial México – Latinoamérica

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Reydezel García-Martínez ◽  
Roma Pamela Conde-Fernández ◽  
Alonso Castro-Moreno ◽  
Gabriela Ortega-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

In this work, commercial exchanges are quantitatively analyzed (imports and exports) of Mexico with respect to its commercial partners in Central and South America, for this purpose, the existing commercial balances between the various countries have been taken into account, subjecting the analysis of the information to the correlation of two variables: on one hand, the correlation coefficient, in such a way that a dependent relationship can be established between the aforementioned| economics; likewise, the implication of the treaties in the increase in exports is determined and analyzed. The interpretation of these data is useful for those who intend to acquire a panoramic perspective of the foreign trade that the Latin American countries affect and that keep Mexico as their destination. Taking into account these data and the comparative advantage of these nations, some sectors are provided that could represent niches of opportunity for the export of goods to Mexico for micro, small and mediumsized Latin American companies.

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

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