scholarly journals Studies on the Physiological Changes in the Rice Plants Infected with Xanthomonas oryzae

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miye AKUTSU ◽  
Minoru WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Rice Plants

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistance in Rice Plants to Myanmar Isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

10.5109/9274 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Seint San Aye ◽  
Masaru Matsumoto ◽  
Hisatoshi Kaku ◽  
Takahiro Goto ◽  
Naruto Furuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Plants

Effects of Herbicides on Diseases of Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Inderawati ◽  
R. Heitefuss
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Rice Leaves

Seven herbicides were tested for their effect on growth of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, Hypochnus sasakii Shirai, and Xanthomonas oryzae Uyeda & Ishiyama Dowson on agar media and for subsequent influence on disease intensity on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) in the greenhouse. The herbicides studied were: propanil 3′,4′-dichloro-propionanilide), NTN 5$006 [O-(2-nitro-4-methylphenyl)-O-ethyl-N-isopropyl-phosphor-amidothioate], simetryn [2,4-bis(ethylamino)-6-)methylthio)-s-triazine], terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine], nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate), and aglypt (4-amino-3-methylthio-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine-5-on). The growth of P. oryzae, H. sasakii and X. oryzae on culture media containing 10 μg/ml commercial formulation of propanil was reduced to approximately 50% of the control. The other herbicides tested were less effective. Differences in disease severity produced on rice plants treated with the previously mentioned herbicides were in agreement with the results obtained by the culture method. The effect of simetryn and nitrofen on disease severity was stronger than expected from the small direct action on the pathogen in culture. It is suggested that the influence of these two compounds on the disease intensity is due to their effect on the host plant rather than the pathogen directly. Propanil was effective only if applied immediately or up to 1 day before inoculation, indicating that this herbicide is degraded on or within the rice leaves.

scholarly journals First Report of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Causing Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice in Uganda

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1579-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Afolabi ◽  
B. Milan ◽  
L. Poulin ◽  
J. Ongom ◽  
B. Szurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Gyrb Gene ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

In June 2013, symptoms reminiscent of bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola were observed on rice plants at the booting stage in the Doho rice irrigation scheme, Butaleja district, and at the tillering stage in Nambale, Iganga district and Magada, Namutumba district of Uganda. In areas surveyed, disease incidence was about 80, 40, and 30% in Doho, Nambale, and Magada, respectively. Outside the irrigation schemes, it was lower but widespread. Affected leaves showed typical BLS symptoms, such as water-soaked lesions, translucent stripes, and yellow-brown to black streaks, sometimes with visible exudates at the leaf surfaces. To check for the presence of the bacteria, symptomatic leaves were ground in sterile water and the suspension obtained was subjected to a multiplex PCR assay for X. oryzae pathovars, leading to the three diagnostic DNA fragments for X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (3). In parallel, bacterial strains were isolated from surface-sterilized symptomatic leaves. To this end, rice leaves were ground in sterile distilled water and serial dilutions of the cell suspensions were plated on semi-selective PSA medium (4). Each of the three samples yielded yellow, mucoid Xanthomonas-like colonies that resembled the positive control strain MAI10 (1). These isolates were named Ug_1, Ug_10, and Ug_14, which originated from Doho, Magada, and Nambale, respectively. Multiplex PCR on the pure cultures strongly supported that these isolates corresponded to X. oryzae pv. oryzicola. Two isolates, Ug_1 and Ug_14, were further subjected to partial DNA sequence analysis of the gyrB gene upon PCR amplification using the primers XgyrB1F and XgyrB1R (5). The 467-bp DNA sequence was identical to the gyrB sequences from the X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strains BLS256 (Philippines), ICMP 12013 (China), and MAI3 (Mali) (2). The partial nucleotide sequence of the gyrB gene of strain Ug_1 was submitted to GenBank (KJ921786). Pathogenicity tests were performed on greenhouse-grown 4-week-old rice plants of the cultivars Nipponbare, Azucena, IRBB 1, IRBB 2, IRBB 3, FKR 14, PNA64F4-56, TCS 10, Gigante, and Adny 11. For this purpose, bacterial cultures were grown overnight in PSA medium and re-suspended in sterile water at a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/ml. Bacterial suspensions were sprayed on leaves of rice seedlings. Four seedlings per accession and isolate were inoculated. Fifteen days after incubation in a BSL-3 containment facility (27 ± 1°C with a 12-h photoperiod), inoculated leaves exhibited typical water-soaked lesions with yellow exudates that were similar to the symptoms seen in the fields. Re-isolation of the bacteria from the diseased leaves yielded colonies with the typical morphology of Xanthomonas. Multiplex PCR and sequence analysis of portions of the gyrB gene confirmed that these isolates are X. oryzae pv. oryzicola, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. One of the three isolates, Ug_1, has been deposited in the Collection Française de Bactéries Phytopathogènes (CFBP) as strain CFBP 8171 ( http://www.angers-nantes.inra.fr/cfbp/ ). Further surveys and strain collections in East and Central Africa will help assess the geographic distribution and importance of BLS. References: (1) C. Gonzalez et al. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 20:534, 2007. (2) A. Hajri et al. Mol. Plant Pathol. 13:288, 2012. (3) J. M. Lang et al. Plant Dis. 94:311, 2010. (4) L. Poulin et al. Plant Dis. 98:1423, 2014. (5) J. M. Young et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 31:366, 2008.

scholarly journals First Report of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Causing Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice in Burundi

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1426-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Afolabi ◽  
B. Milan ◽  
R. Amoussa ◽  
R. Koebnik ◽  
L. Poulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Gyrb Gene ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

On May 9, 2013, symptoms reminiscent of bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola were observed on rice plants at the panicle emergence stage at Musenyi, Gihanga, and Rugombo fields in Burundi. Affected leaves showed water-soaked translucent lesions and yellow-brown to black streaks, sometimes with visible exudates on leaf surfaces. Symptomatic leaves were ground in sterile water and the suspensions obtained were subjected to a multiplex PCR assay diagnostic for X. oryzae pathovars (3). Three DNA fragments (331, 691, and 945 bp) corresponding to X. oryzae pv. oryzicola were observed after agarose gel electrophoresis. Single bacterial colonies were then isolated from surface-sterilized, infected leaves after grinding in sterile water and plating of 10-fold dilutions of the cell suspension on semi-selective PSA medium (4). After incubation at 28°C for 5 days, each of four independent cultures yielded single yellow, mucoid Xanthomonas-like colonies (named Bur_1, Bur_2, Bur_6, and Bur_7) that resembled the positive control strain MAI10 (1). These strains originated from Musenyi (Bur_1), Gihanga (Bur_2), and Rugumbo (Bur_6 and Bur_7). Multiplex PCR assays on the four putative X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strains yielded the three diagnostic DNA fragments mentioned above. All strains were further analyzed by sequence analysis of portions of the gyrB gene using the universal primers gyrB1-F and gyrB1-R for PCR amplification (5). The 762-bp DNA fragment was identical to gyrB sequences from the Asian X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strains BLS256 (Philippines), ICMP 12013 (China), LMG 797 and NCPPB 2921 (both Malaysia), and from the African strain MAI3 (Mali) (2). The partial nucleotide sequence of the gyrB gene of Bur_1 was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. KJ801400). Pathogenicity tests were performed on greenhouse-grown 4-week-old rice plants of the cvs. Nipponbare, Azucena, IRBB 1, IRBB 2, IRBB 3, IRBB 7, FKR 14, PNA64F4-56, TCS 10, Gigante, and Adny 11. Bacterial cultures were grown overnight in PSA medium and re-suspended in sterile water (1 × 108 CFU/ml). Plants were inoculated with bacterial suspensions either by spraying or by leaf infiltration (1). For spray inoculation, four plants per accession and strain were used while three leaves per plant and four plants per accession and strain were inoculated by tissue infiltration. After 15 days of incubation in a BSL-3 containment facility (27 ± 1°C with a 12-h photoperiod), the spray-inoculated plants showed water-soaked lesions with yellow exudates identical to those seen in the field. For syringe-infiltrated leaves, the same symptoms were observed at the infiltrated leaf area. Re-isolation of bacteria from symptomatic leaves yielded colonies with the typical Xanthomonas morphology that were confirmed by multiplex PCR to be X. oryzae pv. oryzicola, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Bur_1 has been deposited in the Collection Française de Bactéries Phytopathogènes as strain CFBP 8170 ( http://www.angers-nantes.inra.fr/cfbp/ ). To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola causing bacterial leaf streak on rice in Burundi. Further surveys will help to assess its importance in the country. References: (1) C. Gonzalez et al., Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 20:534, 2007. (2) A. Hajri et al. Mol. Plant Pathol. 13:288, 2012. (3) J. M. Lang et al. Plant Dis. 94:311, 2010. (4) L. Poulin et al. Plant Dis. 98:1423, 2014. (5) J. M. Young et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 31:366, 2008.

Transgenic rice plants expressing the ferredoxin-like protein (AP1) from sweet pepper show enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Plant Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexuan Tang ◽  
Xiaofen Sun ◽  
Quanan Hu ◽  
Aizhong Wu ◽  
C.-H. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Rice Plants

scholarly journals Biochemical and Physiological Changes in Rice Plants Due to the Application of Herbicides1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. LANGARO ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
C. OLIVEIRA ◽  
J.D.G. SILVA ◽  
M.S. BRUNO
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

ABSTRACT The application of herbicides, even if selective, can cause biochemical and physiological changes, resulting in oxidative stress. This stress comes from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species produced due to exposure to the herbicide. However, plants have developed defense strategies, which can be enzymatic or non-enzymatic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and metabolic changes such as photosynthetic parameters, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity of rice plants after applying herbicides. For this, a study was conducted in a greenhouse and laboratory and the treatments consisted of application of imazapic + imazapyr, quinclorac, bentazon, cyhalofop-butyl, penoxsulan, bispyribac-sodium and carfentrazone-ethyl, in addition to control without herbicide. The phytotoxicity in plants was strong and there was a reduction in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and efficiency of water use in plants treated with carfentrazone-ethyl. Furthermore, the application of carfentrazone-ethyl resulted in lower chlorophylls and carotenoids and increased lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation. Changes in the activity of enzymes belonging to the antioxidant system were inspected by applying herbicides. The application of herbicide alters the physiology of rice plants, triggering responses to oxidative stress, which are more pronounced when used carfentrazone-ethyl.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Several Plant Extracts to Induce Rice Plant Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight - (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Avissa Ayuningdiyas ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Tarkus Suganda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Plant Defense Mechanism

Resistant plants are one of the disease control techniques that considered to be effective. Resistant plants can be produced in various ways including the application of plant extracts. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of several plant extracts to increase the resistance of rice plants to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). A total of 13 plants were extracted and applied in two methods, which were seed treatment and seedling treatment which sprayed on two-week old rice seedlings. Xoo bacteria were inoculated on rice plants two weeks after planting. The observations on the intensity of BLB disease infection showed that water hyacinth extract (Eichhornia crassippes), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus) and jasmine leaves (Jasminum grandiflorum) can suppress the development of BLB disease in both application methods. The application of plant extracts as inducing agents needs to be repeated to maintain the activated plant defense mechanism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document