The role of university innovation activities in developing agglomeration economies

2018 ◽  
Vol S1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-68
Author(s):  
Pfano Mashau
Keyword(s):  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Innovation Activities

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE OF ITALIAN SMEs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Marseguerra ◽  
Daniela Bragoli ◽  
Flavia Cortelezzi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Innovative Performance ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovative Capability ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Questions

This article aims at assessing the innovative performance of Italian SMEs through the analysis of the many dimensions which together define firms’ innovative capability. The European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) classifies Italy as a moderate innovator. However, when disaggregating the data, it is possible to observe that Italy performs below the European average, when considering Innovation Enablers (e.g. Human Resources, R&D and Financial Support) and Firms’ Innovation Activities, and above the European average, when focusing on the the Output of innovation, i.e. its economic effect on exports and sales. Thus, it seems that Italian SMEs have been able to exploit agglomeration economies, due to the fruitful activity of industrial districts, and have been the actors of a success story, which combines growth and innovation. Finally, the article identifies and briefly examines three key questions: the impact of capital structure on innovation, the role of public funding in addressing R&D strategies and the potential benefit of the cooperation between firms and universities.

The role of human resources in processes of portuguese firms’ RD&I certification and development

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Gomes ◽  
Vítor Braga ◽  
Alexandra Braga
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Innovation Activities

Innovation is seen as a competitive advantage that many companies use to ensure the continuity and success of your business.NP 4457:2007 is the Portuguese norm that supports management, based on a model of innovation backed up by interfaces and interaction between technical/scientific knowledge, its specific mechanisms and the overall society.Our paper aims to analyse innovation activities and the involvement of human resources in Portuguese firms certified by NP4457 and associated to the implementation of Research, Development, and Innovation (RD&I) management systems. We have collected the data through IPAC’s database, using a survey administered to all firms.Our results suggest the existence of a Human Resources (HR) involvement policy, customers and suppliers. The involvement of stakeholders with innovation activities results of its acceptance as a mechanism able to generate wealth, with benefits for both firms and the community.

scholarly journals Be Green to Be Innovative: The Role of Government Subsidies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbo Xu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ruihui Pu ◽  
Yonghui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Environmental Investment ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Corporate Innovation

Corporate environmental investment has long been recognized as a non-market strategy that helps secure both economic and social benefits. However, we know much less about how environmental investment affects corporate innovation. We argue that investment in environmental protection is an important source of institutional legitimacy for firms to secure government resources, thus providing financial support for corporate innovation activities. Using a sample of Chinese industrial firms, we find that firms investing more in environmental protection can receive more government subsidies and then have better innovation performance. This study emphasizes the mechanism of government resources, which enriches our understanding of the effect of environmental investment on corporate innovation.

scholarly journals A review on Innovation and its Strategic Importance to the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Siti Noraisah Musneh ◽  
Sylvia @ Nabila Azwa Ambad ◽  
Rosmimah Mohd Roslin
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This is a conceptual paper to review the innovation concept and determine the strategic importance of innovation towards the growth of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) globally. The study reviews the extant literature on the role of innovation in keeping SMEs competitive and sustainable in their business. This study’s findings show the evidence from past literature on the importance of innovation to SMEs’ growth, and its effect on SMEs if they failed to innovate. Another information that SMEs can gain when reading this paper is the definitions of innovation viewed from different perspectives and help SMEs get involved with relevant innovation activities.

scholarly journals DIDACTIC ASPECTS OF TEACHING ACCOUNTING IN HIGHER SCHOOL

2013 ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
E. Y. Voronova
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches

The article considers didactic aspects of competence-based and interdisciplinary approaches to teaching accounting for university students. The author proves the necessity to improve the national accounting education aimed at cohesion of theory and practice, production of new knowledge, its spread and usage via innovation activities. The article criticizes traditional approach to typical problem-solving connected with calculations and memorizing double-entries for failing to develop student’s analytical skills. It also promotes case-studies to infuse knowledge and skills enabling students to professionally solve real life like problems which they are likely to face. The article also considers seminars in the light of communication and its frame to inform students of innovation theoretical concepts of accounting. In addition the author looks into changes in the role of the lecture teaching accounting as well as forms and methods of teaching accounting as well as forms and methods of teaching accounting due to access to IT. The article underlines the importance of increased autonomy and self-reliance of students. It also describes professional literature as a key information resource in accounting.

The moderating role of previous venture experience on breadth of learning and innovation and the impacts on SME performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanhaiya K. Sinha ◽  
Chad Saunders ◽  
Simon Raby ◽  
Jim Dewald
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Leadership Team ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating role of previous venture experience on the relationship between learning breadth and innovation breadth, defined as the range of innovation types within a firm, and the impacts on SME performance.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical model was developed, and hypotheses were tested using step-wise multivariate regressions on survey data from 509 North American SME respondents.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the previous venture experience of a firm's top management plays a key role in enhancing the innovation breadth for a given level of learning breadth. There is a curvilinear relationship between innovation breadth and learning breadth, and increases in innovation breadth lead to increases in firm performance.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that organizations seeking higher performance returns by expanding their breadth of innovations need parallel attention on higher learning breadth in order to adequately capture the value from this broader set of innovations.Originality/valueThe paper contextualizes learning and innovation in the SMEs and argues that the consideration of diversity (breadth) of learning and innovation can help us understand their performance implications across industries. It also extends the effect of previous venture experience (PVE) of the leadership team in explaining performance. Beyond their ability to address external factors, PVE has a moderating effect on the relationship between learning and innovation breadth across the organization. Previous venture experience serves as both a guide and catalyst for investments in learning activities that lead to a broader range of innovation activities across the firm.

Knowledge-Based Externalities and Geographical Clusters

2014 ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia Carbonara
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Pecuniary Externalities ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Geographical Cluster ◽  
Geographical Clustering

Agglomeration economies are positive externalities associated with the co-location of firms within a bounded geographic area. Traditionally, these agglomerative advantages have been expressed in terms of pecuniary externalities and they have been identified as one of the key sources of geographical cluster (GC) competitive advantage. However, in the last years the basics of competition are changed and the ability of firms to create new knowledge is more crucial for success rather than the efficiency in production. This has shifted the attention of scholars on the role of knowledge and learning in GCs. In line with these studies, this chapter suggests that agglomeration economies are related to both pecuniary externalities and knowledge-based externalities. The latter are benefits that co-located firms can gain in terms of development of knowledge. To investigate whether knowledge-based externalities affect geographical clustering of firms, an agent-based model is developed. By using this model, a simulation analysis is carried out.

Knowledge-Driven Agglomeration Processes

2016 ◽  
pp. 373-396
Author(s):  
Nunzia Carbonara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Pecuniary Externalities ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Geographical Clusters

According to the economic geography literature, firms tend to geographically cluster when agglomeration economies exist. These are positive externalities associated with the co-location of firms within a bounded geographic area. Traditionally, the agglomerative advantages have been expressed in terms of pecuniary externalities and they have been identified as one of the key sources of the geographical clusters' competitive advantage. However, in the last years the basics of competition are changed and the ability of firms to create new knowledge is more crucial for success rather than the efficiency in production. This has shifted the attention of scholars on the role of knowledge and learning for the competitiveness and success of geographical clusters. In line with these studies, the chapter suggests that agglomeration economies are related to both pecuniary externalities and knowledge-based externalities. The latter are benefits that co-located firms can gain in terms of development of knowledge. To investigate whether knowledge-based externalities affect geographical clustering of firms, an agent-based model is developed. By using this model, a simulation analysis is carried out.

Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation

2020 ◽  
pp. 102452942093241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rikap
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Predatory Strategy

This article elaborates on intellectual monopoly theory as a form of predation and rentiership using Amazon as a case study. By analysing Amazon’s financial statements, scientific publications and patents, we show that Amazon’s economic power heavily relies on its systematic innovations and capacity to centralize and analyse customized data that orients its business and innovations. We demonstrate how Amazon’s innovation activities have evolved over time with growing importance of technologies related to data and machine learning. We also map Amazon’s innovation networks with academic institutions and companies. We show how Amazon appropriates intellectual rents from these networks and from technological cooperation with other intellectual monopolies. We argue that Amazon, as other data-driven monopolies, predates value from suppliers and third-party companies participating in its platform. One striking characteristic of Amazon is the low rate of reported profits. The centrality of innovations leads us to suggest an alternative calculation that shows that Amazon’s profits are not as low as they appear in Annual Reports. We also argue that lower profits are coherent with Amazon’s rentiership and predatory strategy since they contribute to the avoidance of accusations of excessive market power. Finally, the paper offers preliminary observations on: (i) the complementarities between financial and intellectual rentierism and (ii) how data-driven intellectual monopoly expands big corporations’ political power. Going beyond the specific case of Amazon, we thus contribute to a better understanding of the role of lead firms and power dynamics within innovation networks.

scholarly journals The role of the regulatory framework for innovation activities: the EU ETS and the German paper industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline S. Rogge ◽  
Joachim Schleich ◽  
Philipp Haussmann ◽  
Annette Roser ◽  
Felix Reitze
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Eu
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