scholarly journals Drought stress affects bioactive compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) relevant to non-communicable diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina B. Wegener ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Jurgens ◽  
Gisela Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
First Year ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Second Year

Background: Potatoes react very sensitive to drought during growth, and appropriate plant stress responses may affect metabolites associated with the health quality of tubers.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of drought stress (DS) on soluble sugars, starch, crude protein, minerals, free amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs).Design: The experiment was carried out on three potato genotypes during two years with four replications. The plants were grown in pots, in a glasshouse with optimal water supply and under drought stress conditions. After harvest, the tubers of these two variants were analyzed for bioactive compounds relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs).   Results: Apart from genotypic differences in most parameters, the results revealed that the DS caused a decline in glucose and fructose (P < 0.05, all) in both years, whereas sucrose was increased, especially in the second year with severe stress (P < 0.01). Starch was significantly reduced by moderate stress in the first year (P < 0.01), but less affected in the second year. Crude proteins and total amounts of free amino acids (AAs) were clearly enhanced by the stress in both years (P < 0.05, all), similarly as the minerals magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) (P < 0.05, all), whereas calcium (Ca) declined (P < 0.05). The portion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on total lipids was elevated in the stress variants (P < 0.01), while oleic acid (OLA), its precursor decreased significantly (P < 0.05), but only in the first year. In the second year, ALA was in general higher and not further induced by the stress. Also OLA was less affected in that year, similarly as all other FAs in both years. Interestingly, Myo-inositol (MI) and lipid acyl hydrolases (LAH) associated with modulation in cell membrane lipids raised by the drought stress in each year (P < 0.01, all). In the second year, MI and LAH data of the drought stressed tubers correlated significantly (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) indicating their joined action within plant stress responses.Conclusions: The biochemical changes induced by DS are not alarming with regard to NCDs. Decline in glucose, fructose and starch, and increase in crude proteins, free AAs, ALA, MI and minerals like Mg, K and P, on the other side, is profitable for the health benefits of tubers. However, a better quality is associated with a decrease in tuber yield.Keywords: potato, drought stress, bioactive compounds, chronic diseases

scholarly journals Using two plant growth promoting bacteria to sustainably reduce the drought-induced loss in Triticum aestivum yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
El-Anwar OSMAN ◽  
Wedad A. KASIM ◽  
Nabil A. OMAR ◽  
Samar E. SALAMA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Promoting

In a greenhouse experiment, the inoculated and uninoculated grains with Azospirillum brasilense NO40 or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were sown in unsterilized sandy soil and watered normally till the 8th day. Thereafter, the drought stress was initiated by watering pots once every 10 days while the unstressed pots were irrigated normally once every 5 days. Samples of spikes and dry grains were collected after 120 days from sowing. The results indicated that the inoculated-drought-stressed plants maintained significantly higher values of all of the measured yield parameters, where the yielded grains had higher amounts of the direct reducing sugars, sucrose, starch; lower contents of total soluble proteins and the total free amino acids, and altered protein patterns compared to those of the uninoculated-drought-stressed plants. SDS-PAGE of the yielded grains showed that drought led to the appearance of some newly synthesized stress protein bands and disappearance of others. Inoculation with PGPB resulted in the re-appearance of some of the disappearing bands and the synthesis of new others. Meanwhile, wheat inoculation under normal conditions resulted in significantly promoted grain yields with higher contents of carbohydrates, total soluble proteins and total free amino acids than that of the uninoculated control. It has been proved that treating wheat plants with the PEG-tolerant Azospirillum brasilense NO40 or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia that were compatible with the systems into which they were introduced and possess multiple plant growth promoting traits, can be an efficient strategy to enhance wheat growth and productivity, not only under normal conditions, but also under drought stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Fluoride Treatment Affecting Biochemical Components in Camellia sinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Zhu ◽  
Junting Pan ◽  
Shouhua Nong ◽  
Yuanchun Ma ◽  
Anqi Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Fluoride Treatment

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), one of the main crops in China, is high in various bioactive compounds including flavonoids, catechins, caffeine, theanine, and other amino acids. C. sinensis is also known as an accumulator of fluoride (F), and the bioactive compounds are affected by F, however, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, the effects of F treatment on the accumulation of F and major bioactive compounds and gene expression were investigated, revealing the molecular mechanisms affecting the accumulation of bioactive compounds by F treatment. The results showed that F accumulation in tea leaves gradually increased under exogenous F treatments. Similarly, the flavonoid content also increased in the F treatment. In contrast, the polyphenol content, free amino acids, and the total catechins decreased significantly. Special amino acids, such as sulfur-containing amino acids and proline, had the opposite trend of free amino acids. Caffeine was obviously induced by exogenous F, while the theanine content peaked after two day-treatment. These results suggest that the F accumulation and content of bioactive compounds were dramatically affected by F treatment. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the metabolism of main bioactive compounds and amino acids, especially the pivotal regulatory genes of catechins, caffeine, and theanine biosynthesis pathways, were identified and analyzed using high-throughput Illumina RNA-Seq technology and qRT-PCR. The expression of pivotal regulatory genes is consistent with the changes of the main bioactive compounds in C. sinensis leaves, indicating a complicated molecular mechanism for the above findings. Overall, these data provide a reference for exploring the possible molecular mechanism of the accumulation of major bioactive components such as flavonoid, catechins, caffeine, theanine and other amino acids in tea leaves in response to fluoride treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Drought and Wounding Stress on Soluble Phenols and Proteins in Potato Tubers

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina B. Wegener ◽  
Gisela Jansen ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Jurgens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Plant Phenols ◽  
Wounding Stress ◽  
Soluble Phenols

<p>Potato is a valuable source for phytochemicals like vitamins, minerals, plant phenols, amino acids and proteins. However, environmental stress may affect the level of all these components. In this study, two purple breeding clones and one yellow fleshed cultivar (cv.) were assessed in their response to drought and wounding stress in two consecutive years. The plants were grown in the greenhouse under control (sufficient water supply) and with drought stress conditions. After harvest the tubers were analyzed for the content of soluble phenols and proteins in fresh tissue and after wounding. In addition, free amino acids (AAS) and activity of lipid acyl hydrolases (LAH) were assayed in control and drought stressed tubers. The results revealed significant differences in soluble phenols and proteins between genotypes, and that drought stress significantly increased the level of soluble proteins (P &lt; 0.0001) and LAH activity (P &lt; 0.001), but had no significant effect on the concentration of phenols. Moreover, total amounts of free AAS were higher in the drought stress variant. Wounding stress caused a significant increase of soluble phenols in cv. Agave. But, this was less prominent in purple clones which in general had higher contents of phenols. Proteins were also enhanced as a result of wounding, although, the effect of wounding stress on their level was smaller than that of drought stress.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Effect of drought and waterlogging on saccharides and amino acids content in potato tubers  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matyáš Orsák ◽  
Zora Kotíková ◽  
František Hnilička ◽  
Jaromír Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Tyrosine Content ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The study was focused on the effect of drought and waterlogging stresses in two-year pot experiments in the peat substrate on the content of glucose, fructose and sucrose and free amino acids in potato tubers of four cultivars (yellow-fleshed Laura, Marabel, Milva and blue-fleshed Valfi) after 71 days of exposure to stresses conditions (BBCH 909). Drought and waterlogging increased levels of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in three potato cultivars except for cv. Laura. Drought stress increased l-proline (+248.4%), l-hydroxyproline (+135.3%), l-arginine (+29.97%), l-glutamic acid (+29.09%) and l-leucine (+22.58%) contents in all analysed cultivars. Moreover, the high effect of drought stress on an increase of l-phenylalanine, l-histidine, l-threonine, and total free amino acids content of the cvs. Laura, Valfi and Marabel has been observed. A comparison of the effects of drought and waterlogging stresses on the content of total amino acids showed an increase under drought and a decrease under waterlogging conditions. On average, of all cultivars, waterlogging stress caused an increase of l-tyrosine content, whereas drought stress decrease. In addition, drought stress caused a significant increase of l-proline in all cultivars while waterlogging its decrease. Obtained results confirmed different responses of susceptible or resistant cultivars to abiotic stresses.  

Metabolite Profiling of Barley Grain Subjected to Induced Drought Stress: Responses of Free Amino Acids in Differently Adapted Cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (16) ◽  
pp. 4252-4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lanzinger ◽  
Thomas Frank ◽  
Gabriela Reichenberger ◽  
Markus Herz ◽  
Karl-Heinz Engel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Barley Grain

Betaines and free amino acids in salt stressed vitroplants and winter resting buds of Populus trichocarpa x deltoides

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bray ◽  
D. Chriqui ◽  
K. Gloux ◽  
D. Le Rudulier ◽  
M. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa

Plasma and skeletal muscle free amino acids in type I, insulin-treated diabetic subjects

Diabetes ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Borghi ◽  
R. Lugari ◽  
A. Montanari ◽  
P. Dall'Argine ◽  
G. F. Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Type I
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