Clinical relevance of the brain morphometric indicators for the Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
E. S. KOLUPAEVA ◽  
◽  
I. A. ZHUKOVA ◽  
N. G. ZHUKOVA ◽  
I. V. TOLMACHEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

The purpose — to study the morphometric data of the brain in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as a possible additional instrumental paraclinical neuroimaging marker to verify the accuracy of the diagnosis. Material and methods. We examined 27 patients with Alzheimer’s disease: 14 (51,9%) men and 13 (45,1%) women, average age 74,5 ± 8,7 years with a probable diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, anamnestic type. All patients received standard combination therapy with anti-dementia drugs. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, followed by automated image segmentation and neuropsychological examination using the Montreal scale for assessing cognitive functions. Results. In our study, no statistically significant correlations were found between the data of neuropsychological testing, educational level, age, gender, and volumes of gray and white matter of the brain. Conclusion. According to the study, indicators of the volume of gray and white matter of the brain are not recommended as an additional neuroimaging marker of AD.

scholarly journals A Large-scale Comparison of Cortical and Subcortical Structural Segmentation Methods in Alzheimer’s Disease: a Statistical Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Zamani ◽  
Ali Sadr ◽  
Amir-Homayoun Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to anatomical atrophy, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Automated segmentation methods are developed to help with the segmentation of different brain areas. However, their reliability has yet to be fully investigated. To have a more comprehensive understanding of the distribution of changes in AD, as well as investigating the reliability of different segmentation methods, in this study we compared volumes of cortical and subcortical brain segments, using automated segmentation methods in more than 60 areas between AD and healthy controls (HC).MethodsA total of 44 MRI images (22 AD and 22 HC, 50% females) were taken from the minimal interval resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease (MIRIAD) dataset. HIPS, volBrain, CAT and BrainSuite segmentation methods were used for the subfields of hippocampus, and the rest of the brain.ResultsWhile HIPS, volBrain and CAT showed strong conformity with the past literature, BrainSuite misclassified several brain areas. Additionally, the volume of the brain areas that successfully discriminated between AD and HC showed a correlation with mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores. The two methods of volBrain and CAT showed a very strong correlation. These two methods, however, did not correlate with BrainSuite.ConclusionOur results showed that automated segmentation methods HIPS, volBrain and CAT can be used in the classification of AD and HC. This is an indication that such methods can be used to inform researchers and clinicians of underlying mechanisms and progression of AD.

White matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensity in Alzheimer's disease: correlations with corpus callosum atrophy

1996 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vermersch ◽  
Jean Roche ◽  
Mich�le Hamon ◽  
Christine Daems-Monpeurt ◽  
Jean-Pierre Pruvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals O4-09-04: Association of magnetic resonance imaging white matter lesions and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. P701-P701
Author(s):  
Margit Mikula ◽  
Petroula Proitsi ◽  
Martina Sattlecker ◽  
Mike O'Sullivan ◽  
Andy Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Are Biomarkers Valid as Surrogates for Treatment Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease?

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Philip Scheltens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Amyloid Beta Protein ◽  
The Brain

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, involves neuropsychological testing, limited laboratory tests and brain imaging. Current therapeutic options for AD are symptomatic treatments that target dysfunctional neurotransmitters associated with the disorder. Recent research has focused on therapeutic strategies that inhibit the production and aggregation of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in plaques and increase its clearance from the brain. Such strategies are likely to be most effective at pre-clinical stages of the disease, before widespread synaptic and neuronal loss occurs. Thus, there is a need for biomarkers that predict disease course and outcome and monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy. The development of such biomarkers for AD is critical to translating the efficacy of new therapies.

scholarly journals Effects of Alzheimer’s and Vascular Pathologies on Structural Connectivity in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wha Jin Lee ◽  
Cindy W. Yoon ◽  
Sung-Woo Kim ◽  
Hye Jin Jeong ◽  
Seongho Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

Early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients often exhibit distinct features. We sought to compare overall white matter connectivity and evaluate the pathological factors (amyloid, tau, and vascular pathologies) that affect the disruption of connectivity in these two groups. A total of 50 early- and 38 late-onset AD patients, as well as age-matched cognitively normal participants, were enrolled and underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to construct fractional anisotropy-weighted white matter connectivity maps. [18F]-THK5351 PET, [18F]-Flutemetamol PET, and magnetic resonance imaging were used for the evaluation of tau and related astrogliosis, amyloid, and small vessel disease markers (lacunes and white matter hyperintensities). Cluster-based statistics was performed for connectivity comparisons and correlation analysis between connectivity disruption and the pathological markers. Both patient groups exhibited significantly disrupted connectivity compared to their control counterparts with distinct patterns. Only THK retention was related to connectivity disruption in early-onset AD patients, and this disruption showed correlations with most cognitive scores, while late-onset AD patients had disrupted connectivity correlated with amyloid deposition, white matter hyperintensities, and lacunes in which only a few cognitive scores showed associations. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of connectivity disruption and its effects on cognition are distinct between EOAD and LOAD.

scholarly journals The Potential Benefits of Nanotechnology in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tan Sook Ling ◽  
Shanthini Chandrasegaran ◽  
Low Zhi Xuan ◽  
Tong Li Suan ◽  
Elaine Elaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Currently, there is no definitive cure available to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The available medication in the market has the ability to only slow down its progression. However, nanotechnology has shown its superiority that can be applied for medical usage and it has a great potential in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease, specifically in the disease diagnosis and providing an alternative approach to treat Alzheimer’s disease. This is done by increasing the efficiency of drug delivery by penetrating and overcoming the blood-brain barrier. Having said that, there are limitations that need to be further investigated and researched in order to minimize the adverse effects and potential toxicity and to improve drug bioavailability. The recent advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease using nanotechnology include the regeneration of stem cells, nanomedicine, and neuroprotection. In this review, we will discuss the advancement of nanotechnology which helps in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease as well as its challenges.

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of White Matter Lesions in Depression and Alzheimer's Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'brien ◽  
Patricia Desmond ◽  
David Ames ◽  
Isaac Schweitzer ◽  
Susan Harrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans

BackgroundWhite matter changes, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may occur in depression and Alzheimer's disease.MethodT2-weighted MRI scans were performed in 39 control subjects, 61 subjects with NINCDS/ADRDA Alzheimer's disease and 60 subjects with DSM–III–R major depression. Deep white matter lesions (DWML) and periventricular lesions (PVL) were rated on a standard 0–3 scale by two radiologists blind to clinical diagnosis.ResultsAfter controlling for differences in vascular risk factors and current blood pressure, DWML were significantly more common in depressed subjects and PVL in Alzheimer's disease subjects compared to controls. DWML were most common in those presenting in late life with their first ever depression and 50% of such subjects had severe (grade 3) DWML.ConclusionAn association between DWML and depression and PVL and Alzheimer's disease is supported. The increase with DWML that occurs with ageing may predispose some elderly subjects to depression.

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