scholarly journals Early-Season Avian Deaths from West Nile Virus as Warnings of Human Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Guptill ◽  
Kathleen G. Julian ◽  
Grant L. Campbell ◽  
Susan D. Price ◽  
Anthony A. Marfin
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Early Season

scholarly journals Epidemiologic and phylogenetic analysis of the 2018 West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak in Israel demonstrates human infection of WNV lineage I

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
Ruslan Gosinov ◽  
Neta Zuckerman ◽  
Yael Glazer ◽  
Laor Orshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
European Countries ◽  
West Nile

As at 12 November 2018, an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) was responsible for 139 WNV infection cases in Israel. Here, we characterise the epidemiology of the outbreak and demonstrate that only WNV lineage I was circulating in mosquitoes and responsible for WNV infection in humans. This suggests that the concurrence of the outbreak in Israel with WNV outbreaks in several European countries is not due to a common, more virulent WNV genotype.

scholarly journals Diverse Host Feeding on Nesting Birds May Limit Early-Season West Nile Virus Amplification

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Egizi ◽  
Ary Farajollahi ◽  
Dina M. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Early Season

scholarly journals Proximity of Residence to Bodies of Water and Risk for West Nile Virus Infection: A Case-Control Study in Houston, Texas

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Nolan ◽  
Ana Zangeneh ◽  
Salma A. Khuwaja ◽  
Diana Martinez ◽  
Susan N. Rossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Slow Moving

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne virus, has clinically affected hundreds of residents in the Houston metropolitan area since its introduction in 2002. This study aimed to determine if living within close proximity to a water source increases one’s odds of infection with WNV. We identified 356 eligible WNV-positive cases and 356 controls using a population proportionate to size model with US Census Bureau data. We found that living near slow moving water sources was statistically associated with increased odds for human infection, while living near moderate moving water systems was associated with decreased odds for human infection. Living near bayous lined with vegetation as opposed to concrete also showed increased risk of infection. The habitats of slow moving and vegetation lined water sources appear to favor the mosquito-human transmission cycle. These methods can be used by resource-limited health entities to identify high-risk areas for arboviral disease surveillance and efficient mosquito management initiatives.

scholarly journals Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Disease in Canada. The Saskatchewan Experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F. Téllez-Zenteno ◽  
Gary Hunter ◽  
Lizbeth Hernández-Ronquillo ◽  
Edrish Haghir
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

Abstract:Background:West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus of the family Flaviviridae. The main route of human infection is through the bite of an infected mosquito. Approximately 90% of WNV infections in humans are asymptomatic, but neurologic manifestations can be severe.Methods:This study reviews the clinical profile of cases with neuroinvasive West Nile infection (NWNI) reported by the Surveillance program of the government of Saskatchewan in the Saskatoon Health Region (SHR). In 2007, 1456 cases of human West Nile cases were reported by the government of Saskatchewan in the whole province. One hundred and thirteen cases had severe symptoms of NWNI (8%), 1172 (80%) cases had mild symptoms of WNI and 171 (12%) had asymptomatic disease. Three hundred and fifty six cases were reported in the SHR, where 57 (16%) fulfilled criteria for NWNI.Results:From the 57 cases, 39 (68%) were females. Nine (16%) patients had a history of recent camping, two (4%) reported outdoor sports and four (8%) reported outdoor activities not otherwise specified. Twenty five patients had headache (43.9%), 25 confusion (42.1%), 23 meningitis (40.4%), 17 encephalitis (29.8%), 14 encephalopathy (24.6%), 11 meningoencephalitis (19.3%), 10 tremor (17.5%), acute flaccid paralysis 10 (17.5%), myoclonus 1 (1.8%), nystagmus 2 (3.5%), diplopia 2 (3.5%), dizziness 2 (3.5%). Three patients died related with comorbidities during admission.Conclusion:During a year of high occurrence of WNI in Saskatchewan, 16% of cases developed NWNI. The recognition of neurological complications associated with WNI is important to improve their referral to tertiary centers.

Early Season Crow Mortality as a Sentinel for West Nile Virus Disease in Humans, Northeastern United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen G. Julian ◽  
Millicent Eidson ◽  
Aaron M. Kipp ◽  
Erin Weiss ◽  
Lyle R. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Early Season

scholarly journals Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric Insect-Specific Flavivirus Vaccine against West Nile Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Vet ◽  
Yin Xiang Setoh ◽  
Alberto A. Amarilla ◽  
Gervais Habarugira ◽  
Willy W. Suen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Chimeric Virus ◽  
E Proteins ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Flavivirus Vaccine

Virulent strains of West Nile virus (WNV) are highly neuro-invasive and human infection is potentially lethal. However, no vaccine is currently available for human use. Here, we report the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine derived from a chimeric virus, which was constructed using the structural proteins (prM and E) of the Kunjin strain of WNV (WNVKUN) and the genome backbone of the insect-specific flavivirus Binjari virus (BinJV). This chimeric virus (BinJ/WNVKUN-prME) exhibits an insect-specific phenotype and does not replicate in vertebrate cells. Importantly, it authentically presents the prM-E proteins of WNVKUN, which is antigenically very similar to other WNV strains and lineages. Therefore BinJ/WNVKUN-prME represents an excellent candidate to assess as a vaccine against virulent WNV strains, including the highly pathogenic WNVNY99. When CD1 mice were immunized with purified BinJ/WNVKUN-prME, they developed robust neutralizing antibody responses after a single unadjuvanted dose of 1 to 5 μg. We further demonstrated complete protection against viremia and mortality after lethal challenge with WNVNY99, with no clinical or subclinical pathology observed in vaccinated animals. These data suggest that BinJ/WNVKUN-prME represents a safe and effective WNV vaccine candidate that warrants further investigation for use in humans or in veterinary applications.

scholarly journals Risk factors for human infection with West Nile Virus in Connecticut: a multi-year analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Liu ◽  
Vivian Lee ◽  
Deron Galusha ◽  
Martin D Slade ◽  
Maria Diuk-Wasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals West Nile Virus: Biology, Transmission, and Human Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Colpitts ◽  
M. J. Conway ◽  
R. R. Montgomery ◽  
E. Fikrig
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Biology

scholarly journals Comparative Pathology of West Nile Virus in Humans and Non-Human Animals

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D. Byas ◽  
Gregory D. Ebel
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae ◽  
The Central Nervous System

West Nile virus (WNV) continues to be a major cause of human arboviral neuroinvasive disease. Susceptible non-human vertebrates are particularly diverse, ranging from commonly affected birds and horses to less commonly affected species such as alligators. This review summarizes the pathology caused by West Nile virus during natural infections of humans and non-human animals. While the most well-known findings in human infection involve the central nervous system, WNV can also cause significant lesions in the heart, kidneys and eyes. Time has also revealed chronic neurologic sequelae related to prior human WNV infection. Similarly, neurologic disease is a prominent manifestation of WNV infection in most non-human non-host animals. However, in some avian species, which serve as the vertebrate host for WNV maintenance in nature, severe systemic disease can occur, with neurologic, cardiac, intestinal and renal injury leading to death. The pathology seen in experimental animal models of West Nile virus infection and knowledge gains on viral pathogenesis derived from these animal models are also briefly discussed. A gap in the current literature exists regarding the relationship between the neurotropic nature of WNV in vertebrates, virus propagation and transmission in nature. This and other knowledge gaps, and future directions for research into WNV pathology, are addressed.

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