scholarly journals SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FLOW FORMATION AND WATER USE IN THE CATCHMENT AREAS IN THE TOBOL RIVER BASIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 447 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
A.T. Kozykeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Annual Discharge

On the basis of long-term information and analytical materials of the RSU Tobyl-Torgai Basin Inspectorate for Regulation of the Use and Protection of Water Resources of the Water Resources Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, characterizing the use of water resources in the economic sectors of administrative districts and cities of the Kostanay region, the conditions for the formation of surface flow and regional features of water use in the catchments of the Tobol river basin were determined.To assess the change in the average annual discharge in the catchments of the Tobol River basin under the influence of natural and anthropogenic activities, integral curves of average annual discharge were determined for the hydrological stations of Akkarga, Grishenka, Kostanay, and Milyutinka, which showed that in the period under consideration from 1996 to 2005, there was a slight increase in the average annual discharge for all hydrological stations under consideration, and from 2006 to 2017 - their constant decline, which is a signal to ensure the safety of economic activities in the region. To assess the peculiarities of water use in the catchments of the Tobol River basin, the volumes of water consumption by housing and public services, industry and agriculture were used, which gradually decrease over the period of 1996-2016, since the industry is mainly located in the cities of Lisakovsk, Kostanay and Rudny. and agriculture in Kamystinsky, Zhitikarinsky, Denisovsky, Taranovsky, Kostanaysky, Karabalyksky, Fedorovsky and Mendikarinsky districts is developing within the dryland cultivation, which determines the type of linear trend, which is characterized by a polynomial equation of third order.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of the impacts of climate variability and anthropogenic activities on river runoff: a case study in the Hutuo River Basin, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubaker Omer ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Amir K. Basheer ◽  
Bin Yong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management

Understanding the linear and nonlinear responses of runoff to environmental change is crucial to optimally manage water resources in river basins. This study proposes a generic framework-based hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) and two approaches, to comprehensively assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate variability on runoff over the representative Hutuo River Basin (HRB), China. Results showed that SWAT performed well in capturing the runoff trend in HRB; however, it exhibited better performance for the calibration period than for the validation. During 1961–2000, about 26.06% of the catchment area was changed, mainly from forest to farmland and urban, and the climate changed to warmer and drier. The integrated effects of the anthropogenic activities and climate variability decreased annual runoff in HRB by 96.6 mm. Direct human activities were responsible for 52.16% of runoff reduction. Climate (land use) decreased runoff by 45.30% (2.06%), whereas the combined (land use + climate) impact resulted in more runoff decrease, by 47.84%. Land use–climate interactive effect is inherent in HRB and decreased runoff by 1.02%. The proposed framework can be applied to improve the current understanding of runoff variation in river basins, for supporting sustainable water resources management strategies.

scholarly journals Rivers of Lebanon: Significant Water Resources under Threats

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Sloping Terrain ◽  
Annual Discharge ◽  
Small Catchments

Lebanon is known by tremendous water resources, and this has been often viewed from the considerable number of rivers (i.e. 14 rivers). These rivers are characterized by small catchments and short length. The estimated average annual discharge from these rivers is approximately 2800 million m3. Due to the sloping terrain of Lebanon; however, it was estimated that more than 75% of water from rivers is unexploited it mainly outlets into the sea. The majority of water use from the Lebanese rivers implies domestic, agriculture, as well as some other rivers are used for hydro-power generation where they contribute by about 20% of electricity needed for Lebanon. Lately, and added to water pollution, there is abrupt decline in the discharge from these rivers estimated to more than 60% of their average annual discharge. This unfavorable situation is attributed, in addition to the changing climate, to the anthropogenic interference is the most affecting one and it is represented by over pumping from these rivers and form the recharge zone for groundwater and springs that feed these rivers. This chapter aims at introducing a discussion on the existed challenges on the Lebanese rivers and the proposed and their impact.

scholarly journals Modelling stream flow and quantifying blue water using a modified STREAM model for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2287-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Kiptala ◽  
M. L. Mul ◽  
Y. A. Mohamed ◽  
P. van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Stream Model

Abstract. Integrated water resources management is a combination of managing blue and green water resources. Often the main focus is on the blue water resources, as information on spatially distributed evaporative water use is not as readily available as the link to river flows. Physically based, spatially distributed models are often used to generate this kind of information. These models require enormous amounts of data, which can result in equifinality, making them less suitable for scenario analyses. Furthermore, hydrological models often focus on natural processes and fail to account for anthropogenic influences. This study presents a spatially distributed hydrological model that has been developed for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in eastern Africa. Using an innovative approach, remote-sensing-derived evapotranspiration and soil moisture variables for 3 years were incorporated as input data into the Spatial Tools for River basin Environmental Analysis and Management (STREAM) model. To cater for the extensive irrigation water application, an additional blue water component (Qb) was incorporated in the STREAM model to quantify irrigation water use. To enhance model parameter identification and calibration, three hydrological landscapes (wetlands, hillslope and snowmelt) were identified using field data. The model was calibrated against discharge data from five gauging stations and showed good performance, especially in the simulation of low flows, where the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of the natural logarithm (Ens_ln) of discharge were greater than 0.6 in both calibration and validation periods. At the outlet, the Ens_ln coefficient was even higher (0.90). During low flows, Qb consumed nearly 50% of the river flow in the basin. The Qb model result for irrigation was comparable to the field-based net irrigation estimates, with less than 20% difference. These results show the great potential of developing spatially distributed models that can account for supplementary water use. Such information is important for water resources planning and management in heavily utilized catchment areas. Model flexibility offers the opportunity for continuous model improvement when more data become available.

Improvement of agriculture water resources management in large arid river basin through an integrated hydrological modeling approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Agriculture Water

<p>The ability to dynamically simulate the supply and demand of irrigated water in arid and semi-arid regions is needed to improve water resources management. To meet this challenge, this study developed an agriculture water resources allocation (WRA) module and coupled this module to an integrated surface water-groundwater model GSFLOW. The original GSFLOW, developed by USGS, is able to simulate the entire hydrological cycle. The improved GSFLOW with the WRA module allows the simulation, analysis and management of nearly all components of agriculture water use. It facilitates the analysis of agricultural water use when limited data is available for surface water diversion, groundwater pumpage, or canal information. It can be used to simulate and analyze historical and future conditions. The improved GSFLOW program was applied to the Heihe River Basin (HRB), which is the second largest inland river basin in China. The calibration and validation results of the program shows that the program is capable of simulating both hydrological cycle and actual agriculture water use with limited data. Then the model was used to analyze a set of agriculture water use scenarios, for example, limiting groundwater pumpage, adjusting water allocations between the middle stream and the lower stream. Based on these scenarios, it was found that the improved model could be used as a decision tool to provide better agriculture water resources management strategies. The improved model could be easily used in other basins.</p>

The role of regulatory agencies in multiple water use

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P.F. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the conceptual framework for regulating water use in cases where water is a public good. Public agencies with an independent directive board can successfully manage such a situation. Through a comprehensive system of water permits, charging and control it is possible to effectively manage water resources. Together with the conceptual framework a practical application is presented. The case of the National Water Agency of Brazil - ANA - shows that it is possible to implement modern water resources management concepts in less developed countries. The benefits of this institutional arrangement are demonstrated in the case of managing water conflicts among water users. Two situations are described: the semi-arid water allocation for agricultural use in the Jaraguaribe River Basin in Ceara State and the conflict between the hydropower and navigation sectors in the Parana River Basin.

scholarly journals Modelling stream flow and quantifying blue water using modified STREAM model in the Upper Pangani River Basin, Eastern Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 15771-15809 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Kiptala ◽  
M. L. Mul ◽  
Y. Mohamed ◽  
P. van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Stream Model

Abstract. Effective management of all water uses in a river basin requires spatially distributed information of evaporative water use and the link towards the river flows. Physically based spatially distributed models are often used to generate this kind of information. These models require enormous amounts of data, if not sufficient would result in equifinality. In addition, hydrological models often focus on natural processes and fail to account for water usage. This study presents a spatially distributed hydrological model that has been developed for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data scarce river basin in Eastern Africa. Using an innovative approach, remote sensing derived evapotranspiration and soil moisture variables for three years were incorporated as input data in the model conceptualization of the STREAM model (Spatial Tools for River basin Environmental Analysis and Management). To cater for the extensive irrigation water application, an additional blue water component was incorporated in the STREAM model to quantify irrigation water use (ETb(I)). To enhance model parameter identification and calibration, three hydrological landscapes (wetlands, hill-slope and snowmelt) were identified using field data. The model was calibrated against discharge data from five gauging stations and showed considerably good performance especially in the simulation of low flows where the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of the natural logarithm (Eln) of discharge were greater than 0.6 in both calibration and validation periods. At the outlet, the Eln coefficient was even higher (0.90). During low flows, ETb(I) consumed nearly 50% of the river flow in the river basin. ETb(I) model result was comparable to the field based net irrigation estimates with less than 20% difference. These results show the great potential of developing spatially distributed models that can account for supplementary water use. Such information is important for water resources planning and management in heavily utilized catchment areas. Model flexibility offers the opportunity for continuous model improvement when more data become available.

scholarly journals System model of integrated management of the water resources of the Ingulets River by a basin principal

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
V. P. Kovalchuk ◽  
P. I. Kovalchuk ◽  
M. V. Yatsyuk ◽  
R. Yu. Kovalenko ◽  
O. S. Demchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Model ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Effective Water

For integrated water management in river basins in Ukraine, there is no toolkit for system modeling and selection of management structure in river basins according to environmental and economic criteria, which corresponds to the creation of water management systems under conditions of sustainable development. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop a system model of integrated water management on the example of the Ingulets River basin. The purpose of the work is to create a system model of integrated water resources management in Ingulets River basin, which provides scenario modeling of technological solutions, their evaluation and optimization of economic criteria for efficient water use under environmental constraints and criteria for achieving a good or excellent ecological status of the river basin. The system model is used as a toolkit, the method of decomposition of the river basin into subsystems, analysis of subsystems and their composition into a holistic model of integrated management by the basin principle. Telecommunication methods are proposed to improve monitoring. A method of scenario analysis is proposed, which performs simulation modeling of prospective management scenarios at the first level of the hierarchy, and at the second level - options are evaluated according to the criteria of cost-effective water use with environmental objectives and regulatory restrictions. For simulation modeling, a system of balance difference equations for the dynamics of water masses, mixing and spreading of pollution in rivers and reservoirs is formalized. A system of combined control for the impulse method of river washing was developed. Multicriteria optimization of variants of the control structure is carried out on the Pareto principle. A system model has been developed for integrated water resources management in the Ingulets River basin that meets the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive on the establishment of cost-effective water use while ensuring good or excellent ecological status of rivers. The structural and functional diagram of the system model includes the subsystems: the water supply subsystem of the Dnipro-Ingulets canal; a subsystem for flushing the Ingulets River from the Karachunivske reservoir and displacing the saline prism into the Dnipro River; subsystem of environmental safety when discharging pollution into the river Ingulets; subsystem of water supply for irrigation in the Ingulets irrigation system, prevention of soil salinization. A system of technological, economic and environmental criteria for evaluating integrated management by the basin principle has been developed. They include maintaining the water level in reservoirs, displacement of salt water prism and limitation on water quality, ensuring the ecological condition of the river, and the dynamics of water resources consumption. Technological criteria determine the maintenance of water levels in reservoirs. Cost-effective water use is estimated on the basis of the dynamics of water consumption for river washing and irrigation. The formalized integrated management system in the Ingulets River basin includes operational water resources management and structure management. Integrated management is carried out according to subsystems, types of management and a system of criteria. For operational management the balance differential equations of water exchange in reservoirs are formalized. A two-layer model of water masses dynamics, pollutants distribution and mixing when flushing rivers from reservoirs is used. Scenario analysis is offered to select the optimal structure of the management system. Simulation scenarios are being simulated. Scenario optimization is performed on the Pareto principle. An example of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system and its comparison with the existing regulations for Ingulets River flushing is given.

scholarly journals Truth concealed behind "Zero Increase of Total Water Use" and coordination approach of socio-economic and eco-environmental water uses in the Weihe River Basin, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Y. Jia ◽  
N. Wei ◽  
C. Hao ◽  
J. You ◽  
C. Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
Weihe River Basin ◽  
Water Uses

Abstract. The water resources situation in the water-stressed Weihe River Basin, China, is more serious now than ever before because of a decrease in water resources and socio-economic development. A "Zero increase of socio-economic water use" in recent years gives people a wrong understanding and conceals the water crisis in the basin because the socio-economic water consumption has actually increased. Water use for the hydro-ecological system has been greatly reduced by a decrease in water resources and socio-economic water consumption increase. New concepts of hierarchical water uses for every sector and water consumption control are suggested for coordinating water uses of the socio-economy and ecosystems in the water-stressed basin. The traditional water resources allocation and regulation in China usually set up a priority sequence for water use sectors. Generally speaking, domestic water use has the highest priority and a highest guarantee rate, followed by industrial water use, irrigation and lastly ecological water use. The concept of hierarchical water use for every sector is to distinguish the water use of every sector into minimum part, appropriate part, and expected extra part with different guarantee rates, and the minimum parts of all sectors should be first guaranteed. By applying a water allocation model, we compared the water allocation results of the traditional approach and the newly suggested approach. Although further study is desired, the results are believed to be of an important referential value to sustainable development in the basin.

An Integrated Model for Water Resources Allocation in the River Basin Based on Different Allocation Principles

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Chun Xiao ◽  
Dong Guo Shao ◽  
Feng Shun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Resources Allocation ◽  
Water Resources Allocation ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Existing Problems

Aiming at the existing problems in the models of water resources allocation, the concept of friendly allocation of water resources was put forward, and based on the principles of basic water use guarantee, preference of status in quo, fairness and high efficiency, the friendly subfunctions were established and an integrated model of water resources allocation was proposed with maximizing friendly function of water resources allocation. As a case study, the proposed allocation model was applied in Fuhuan River Basin in China, and the results indicated that the model was rational and effective, which provides a new method for water resources allocation in the river basin.

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