scholarly journals The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test Predicts Braak Stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ellen Grober ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Lynn Kuo ◽  
Jason Hassenstab ◽  
Richard J. Perrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Braak Stage ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
Clinical Measures

Background: The ultimate validation of a clinical marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is its association with AD neuropathology. Objective: To identify clinical measures that predict pathology, we evaluated the relationships of the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (pFCSRT + IR), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) to Braak stage. Methods: 315 cases from the clinicopathologic series at the Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center were classified according to Braak stage. Boxplots of each predictor were compared to identify the earliest stage at which decline was observed and ordinal logistic regression was used to predict Braak stage. Results: Looking at the assessment closest to death, free recall scores were lower in individuals at Braak stage III versus Braak stages 0 and I (combined) while MMSE and CDR scores for individuals did not differ from Braak stages 0/I until Braak stage IV. The sum of free recall and total recall scores independently predicted Braak stage and had higher predictive validity than MMSE and CDR-SB in models including all three. Conclusion: pFCSRT + IR + IR scores may be more sensitive to early pathological changes than either the CDR-SB or the MMSE.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological correlates of Alzheimer's disease in a general autopsy series from Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Lea Tenenholz Grinberg ◽  
Renata Eloah de Lucena Ferretti ◽  
Renata E.P. Leite ◽  
Jose Marcelo Farfel ◽  
Silmara P. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Braak Stage ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Score Distribution ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

Abstract The current neuropathological staging models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been developed within the last 20 years. Nevertheless, they were mostly tested on Caucasians of Northern European ancestry or on Asians. Objective: To verify which of the accepted neuropathologic criteria best discriminates AD from normal aging in a well characterized Brazilian clinicopathological series. Methods: A random sample consisting of 89 subjects belonging to the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study were clinically and neuropathologically fully assessed using immunohistochemistry. Clinical and functional statuses were assessed by interviewing a reliable informant. The Clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) was compared to Braak and Braak stage, the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) score and NIA-Reagan (National Institute of Aging - Reagan Institute) score. Subjects with a neuropathologic diagnosis other then AD were excluded (n=27). Results: The CDR score distribution for the 62 selected subjects was as follows: CDR0=39, CDR0.5=9, CDR³1=14. There were no differences regarding age, gender and education among the groups. CDR score correlated best with the CERAD score (r=0.5303; p<0.001) . Braak and Braak stage was significantly higher in subjects with higher CDR. Correlation of the NIA-Reagan criteria was partially disrupted because a large proportion of subjects did not fit any of its categories. Conclusions: In this series, CERAD criteria better correlated with the CDR groups. Consistent with earlier studies, some cognitively normal subjects have AD neuropathological diagnosis.

scholarly journals Stages of Objective Memory Impairment Predict Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology: Comparison with the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale–Sum of Boxes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ellen Grober ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Lynn Kuo ◽  
Jason Hassenstab ◽  
Richard J. Perrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Braak Stage ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating

Background: The ultimate validation of a clinical marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is its association with AD neuropathology. Objective: To examine how well the Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system predicts intermediate/high AD neuropathologic change and extent of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology defined by Braak stage, in comparison to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale sum of boxes (CDR-SB). Methods: 251 well-characterized participants from the Knight ADRC clinicopathologic series were classified into SOMI stage at their last assessment prior to death using the free recall and total recall scores from the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT + IR). Logistic regression models assessed the predictive validity of SOMI and CDR-SB for intermediate/high AD neuropathologic change. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis evaluated the discriminative validity of SOMI and CDR-SB for AD pathology. Ordinal logistic regression was used to predict Braak stage using SOMI and CDR-SB in separate and joint models. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of SOMI for AD diagnosis was similar to that of the CDR-SB (AUC: 85%versus 83%). In separate models, both SOMI and CDR-SB predicted Braak stage. In a joint model SOMI remained a significant predictor of Braak stage but CDR-SB did not. Conclusion: SOMI provides a neuropathologically validated staging system for episodic memory impairment in the AD continuum and should be useful in predicting tau positivity based on its association with Braak stage.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Clinical Dementia Rating – Sum of Boxes and Other Cognitive and Functional Outcomes in a Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
F. McDougall ◽  
C. Edgar ◽  
M. Mertes ◽  
P. Delmar ◽  
P. Fontoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Prodromal Ad ◽  
Ceiling Effects ◽  
Prodromal Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Selective Reminding Test

BACKGROUND: The Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) has been proposed as a primary outcome for use in prodromal AD trials. However, the psychometric properties of this, and of other commonly used measures, have not been well-established in this patient population. OBJECTIVE: To describe the psychometric properties of commonly used efficacy measures in a clinical trial of prodromal AD. SETTING: Data were gathered as part of a two-year clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Patients had biomarker confirmed prodromal AD. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognition Subscale 11 and 13 (ADAS-Cog), Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT-IR [words]). Assessments were conducted at least every 24 weeks. RESULTS: For the CDR-SB, test-retest reliability was good (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.83); internal consistency was 0.65 at baseline but above 0.8 at later assessments. Relationships between the CDR-SB and other measures were as expected (higher correlations with more closely related constructs), and the CDR-SB differentiated between patients with different severities of dementia (-2.9 points difference between CDR-Global Score 0.5 and 1, P<.0001). Floor and ceiling effects on the CDR-SB total score were minimal; however, at baseline there were ceiling effects in the personal care domain. Further detail is provided on the psychometric properties of ADAS-Cog, MMSE, FCSRT-IR and FAQ in this population. CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties of the CDR-SB are adequate in prodromal AD and continued use is warranted in clinical trials. However, there remains scope for improvement in the assessment of functional constructs and development of novel measures should continue.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical Comparison of the “Word” and “Picture” Versions of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Slachevsky ◽  
Paulo Barraza ◽  
Michael Hornberger ◽  
Carlos Muñoz-Neira ◽  
Emma Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Selective Reminding Test

scholarly journals Efficacy and Limitations of rCBF-SPECT in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease With Amyloid-PET

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
Miwako Takahashi ◽  
Tomoko Tada ◽  
Tomomi Nakamura ◽  
Keitaro Koyama ◽  
Toshimitsu Momose
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Rcbf Spect

This study aimed to assess efficacy and limitations of regional cerebral blood flow imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography (rCBF-SPECT) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with amyloid-positron emission tomography (amyloid-PET). Thirteen patients, who underwent both rCBF-SPECT and amyloid-PET after clinical diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive impairment, were retrospectively identified. The rCBF-SPECTs were classified into 4 grades, from typical AD pattern to no AD pattern of hypoperfusion; amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity was assessed by amyloid-PET. Four patients were categorized into a typical AD pattern on rCBF-SPECT, and all were Aβ+. The other 9 patients did not exhibit a typical AD pattern; however, 4 were Aβ+. The Mini-Mental State Examination score and Clinical Dementia Rating scale were not significantly different between Aβ+ and Aβ– patients. A typical AD pattern on rCBF-SPECT can reflect Aβ+; however, if not, rCBF-SPECT has a limitation to predict amyloid pathology.

scholarly journals Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Olalla Sáiz-Vázquez ◽  
Patricia Gracia-García ◽  
Silvia Ubillos-Landa ◽  
Alicia Puente-Martínez ◽  
Silvia Casado-Yusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Clinical Measures

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, linked to morbidity and mortality among elderly patients. Recently, several clinical studies suggested that depression is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline and AD. A review of meta-analyses was performed, calculating pooled odds ratios to estimate the risk of AD in people with a prior diagnosis (or clinically significant symptoms) of depression. A total of six meta-analyses which represented 28 individual studies were analyzed. A significant association between depression and AD was found (OR = 1.54, 95% CI [1.02–2.31]; p = 0.038). The results showed that heterogeneity across studies was substantial. We found a significant positive effect size for clinical measures of depression, but not for symptomatic rating scales, in the association of depression with risk of AD. The type of rating scale used to assess depression and the cut-off criteria selected also moderated the relationship between depression and AD risk. We found that studies that used clinically significant criteria for diagnosis of depression had more consistent and significant results than studies that used symptomatic scales.

scholarly journals Predictors of rapid cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of ageing

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sona ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
David Ames ◽  
Ashley I. Bush ◽  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Rapid Cognitive Decline

ABSTRACTBackground: The AIBL study, which commenced in November 2006, is a two-center prospective study of a cohort of 1112 volunteers aged 60+. The cohort includes 211 patients meeting NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) (180 probable and 31 possible). We aimed to identify factors associated with rapid cognitive decline over 18 months in this cohort of AD patients.Methods: We defined rapid cognitive decline as a drop of 6 points or more on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) between baseline and 18-month follow-up. Analyses were also conducted with a threshold of 4, 5, 7 and 8 points, as well as with and without subjects who had died or were too severely affected to be interviewed at 18 months and after, both including and excluding subjects whose AD diagnosis was “possible” AD. We sought correlations between rapid cognitive decline and demographic, clinical and biological variables.Results: Of the 211 AD patients recruited at baseline, we had available data for 156 (73.9%) patients at 18 months. Fifty-one patients were considered rapid cognitive decliners (32.7%). A higher Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) and higher CDR “sum of boxes” score at baseline were the major predictors of rapid cognitive decline in this population. Furthermore, using logistic regression model analysis, patients treated with a cholinesterase inhibitor (CheI) had a higher risk of being rapid cognitive decliners, as did males and those of younger age.Conclusions: Almost one third of patients satisfying established research criteria for AD experienced rapid cognitive decline. Worse baseline functional and cognitive status and treatment with a CheI were the major factors associated with rapid cognitive decline over 18 months in this population.

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