scholarly journals Efficacy and Limitations of rCBF-SPECT in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease With Amyloid-PET

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
Miwako Takahashi ◽  
Tomoko Tada ◽  
Tomomi Nakamura ◽  
Keitaro Koyama ◽  
Toshimitsu Momose
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Rcbf Spect

This study aimed to assess efficacy and limitations of regional cerebral blood flow imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography (rCBF-SPECT) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with amyloid-positron emission tomography (amyloid-PET). Thirteen patients, who underwent both rCBF-SPECT and amyloid-PET after clinical diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive impairment, were retrospectively identified. The rCBF-SPECTs were classified into 4 grades, from typical AD pattern to no AD pattern of hypoperfusion; amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity was assessed by amyloid-PET. Four patients were categorized into a typical AD pattern on rCBF-SPECT, and all were Aβ+. The other 9 patients did not exhibit a typical AD pattern; however, 4 were Aβ+. The Mini-Mental State Examination score and Clinical Dementia Rating scale were not significantly different between Aβ+ and Aβ– patients. A typical AD pattern on rCBF-SPECT can reflect Aβ+; however, if not, rCBF-SPECT has a limitation to predict amyloid pathology.

scholarly journals Case Report: Usefulness of Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in Two Cases With Very-Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Satake ◽  
Hideki Kanemoto ◽  
Kenji Yoshiyama ◽  
Ryoko Nakahama ◽  
Keiko Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Amyloid Pet

The association between primary psychotic disorders emerging in later life and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is controversial. We present two female non-demented cases of psychosis with onset above the age of 60 years. Cases 1 and 2 were aged was 68 and 81 years, respectively. They suffered from persecutory delusions and scored 28 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at the first examination. Although detailed neuropsychological tests detected amnesia, they had preserved daily life function. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) single-photon emission computed tomography, and cardiac [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy showed no specific abnormalities in either case. We diagnosed them with very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) because there was no evidence that their psychoses were derived from organic diseases or affective disorders. Upon close inspection, the AD biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing and Florbetapir F 18 positron emission tomography (PET), were positive in Case 1 and negative in Case 2. Case 1 scored 25 1 year later and 23 2 years later on the MMSE and was finally diagnosed as AD dementia. These two cases suggest that some clinically diagnosed VLOSLPs may be a prodromal AD. Although VLOSLP is a disease entity supposed to be a primary psychotic disorder, some are probably secondary psychosis with insidious neurodegeneration. Advanced biomarkers such as amyloid PET and CSF may contribute to the detection of secondary psychosis from clinically diagnosed VLOSLP.

scholarly journals Novel PET/SPECT Probes for Imaging of Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Watanabe ◽  
Masahiro Ono ◽  
Hideo Saji
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Current State ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Presymptomatic Diagnosis

As the world’s population ages, the number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is predicted to increase rapidly. The presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD brain. Since the presence of NFTs is well correlated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD, imaging of tau using positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is useful for presymptomatic diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of AD. Therefore, novel PET/SPECT probes for the imaging of tau have been developed. More recently, several probes were tested clinically and evaluated for their utility. This paper reviews the current state of research on the development and evaluation of PET/SPECT probes for the imaging of tau in AD brain.

scholarly journals Metals in Imaging of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9190
Author(s):  
Olga Krasnovskaya ◽  
Daniil Spector ◽  
Alexander Zlobin ◽  
Kirill Pavlov ◽  
Peter Gorelkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma, which occurs 7–15 years before the onset of cognitive symptoms of the pathology. Timely diagnostics of amyloid formations allows identifying AD at an early stage and initiating inhibitor therapy, delaying the progression of the disease. However, clinically used radiopharmaceuticals based on 11C and 18F are synchrotron-dependent and short-lived. The design of new metal-containing radiopharmaceuticals for AD visualization is of interest. The development of coordination compounds capable of effectively crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) requires careful selection of a ligand moiety, a metal chelating scaffold, and a metal cation, defining the method of supposed Aβ visualization. In this review, we have summarized metal-containing drugs for positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of Alzheimer’s disease. The obtained data allow assessing the structure-ability to cross the BBB ratio.

scholarly journals The Use of Technetium-99m-HM-PAO in the Assessment of Patients with Dementia and other Neuropsychiatric Conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S116-S122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis W. Smith ◽  
John A. O. Besson ◽  
Howard G. Gemmell ◽  
Peter F. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

One hundred fourteen patients suffering from neuropsychiatric conditions have been studied using 99mTc-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Ninety-one patients had a firm clinical diagnosis while 23 were examined without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis. Of the 91 patients, 51 were suffering from dementia, 25 multi-infarct type and 26 Alzheimer's disease. In 19 of the Alzheimer's patients, a characteristic pattern of decreased perfusion in the parieto-occipital regions was demonstrated while those with multi-infarct type showed varying degrees of irregular uptake in the cerebral cortex. These appearances are similar to those shown with positron emission tomography (PET) and we believe that HM-PAO will provide a widely available method for identifying patients with Alzheimer's disease. Twenty-nine patients were suffering from diseases involving the basal ganglia. Fifteen patients with Parkinson's disease showed no significant abnormality in basal ganglia uptake, while 7 or 8 patients with Huntington's disease who had full examinations showed decreased uptake in the caudate nuclei. Similarly, four of six patients with other basal ganglia diseases showed impaired uptake by basal ganglia, and it is concluded that HM-PAO may be useful for the diagnosis and management of this type of patient. Twenty-three patients received HM-PAO imaging as part of their diagnostic work-up; in 19 of them, detailed follow-up was obtained, which indicated that in 7 cases the result of the HM-PAO scan altered the clinical diagnosis and in 9 cases resulted in a change in management. In the remaining 13 cases, the study was found to be helpful in confirming the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Imaging in Alzheimer's disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Neuroimaging in the early differential diagnosis of dementia has gained considerable interest over the last decade. From being used for exclusive purposes only, neuroimaging is now in the forefront of aiding in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, and and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). With the exception of dopamine transporter single photon-emission computed tomography imaging in DLB, imaging has not yet been incorporated into the diagnostic criteria for the various dementia syndromes, but that will soon change. The recently formulated research criteria for early AD recently formulated by Dubois et al explicitly mention magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography for AD, and are an example of a new diagnostic process developing. In this review, the various imaging techniques will be highlighted, with an emphasis on their ability to diagnose Alzheimer's disease and separate it from other entities.

scholarly journals The Use of [99mTc]-HM-PAO in the Diagnosis of Primary Degenerative Dementia

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S123-S126 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Testa ◽  
J. S. Snowden ◽  
D. Neary ◽  
R. A. Shields ◽  
A. W. I. Burjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

The clinical value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the differential diagnosis of dementia due to cerebral atrophy was evaluated by comparing the pattern of distribution [99mTc]–HM-PAO in three dementing conditions. Imaging was carried out in 26 patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease, 14 with dementia of the frontal-lobe type, and 13 with progressive supranuclear palsy. Images were evaluated and reported without knowledge of clinical diagnosis with respect to regions of reduced uptake of tracer. Reduced uptake in the posterior cerebral hemispheres was characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, while selective anterior hemisphere abnormalities characterized both dementia of the frontal-lobe type and progressive supranuclear palsy. The latter conditions could be distinguished on the basis of the appearance of integrity of the rim of the frontal cortex. The technique has an important role in the differentiation of degenerative dementias.

Vascular risk factors and the relationships between cognitive impairment and hypoperfusion in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Takahashi ◽  
Yasunori Oda ◽  
Koichi Sato ◽  
Yukihiko Shirayama
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Risk Patients

AbstractObjectiveOur recent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study of patients with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) revealed that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was reduced in the frontal, temporal, and limbic lobes, and to a lesser degree in the parietal and occipital lobes. Moreover, these patients’ scores on the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) were significantly correlated with rCBF in some gyri of the frontal, parietal, and limbic lobes. Our present study aimed to understand how vascular factors and metabolic disease influenced the relationship between rCBF and ADAS-cog scores.MethodsWe divided late-onset AD patients into two groups according to their Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS), low vascular risk patients had values of ≤4 (n=25) and high vascular risk patients had scores ≥5 (n=15). We examined rCBF using brain perfusion SPECT data.ResultsThe degrees and patterns of reduced rCBF were largely similar between late-onset AD patients in both groups, regardless of HIS values. Cognitive function was significantly associated with rCBF among late-onset AD patients with low vascular risk (HIS≤4), but not among those with high vascular risk (HIS≥5). Furthermore, metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, disrupted the relationships between hypoperfusion and cognitive impairments in late-onset AD patients.ConclusionFactors other than hypoperfusion, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, could be involved in the cognitive dysfunction of late-onset AD patients with high vascular risk.

scholarly journals Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Using 99mTc-HM-PAO in the Routine Evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Hurwitz ◽  
W. Ammann ◽  
D. Chu ◽  
C. Clark ◽  
J. Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The One ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT:Regional cerebral blood flow was studied in 7 patients with clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease and 10 normal controls by single photon computed emission tomography (SPECT) using HM-PAO. All patients with Alzheimer's disease and no controls had parietal lobe hypoperfusion which was usually bilateral. In patients with more severe dementia hypoperfusion extended into the frontal lobes. Parietal lobe hypoperfusion corresponds to parietal lobe degeneration which is the one of the first neocortical regions to show the typical degenerative changes of Alzheimer's disease. SPECT with HM-PAO is a non-invasive investigation available in most nuclear medicine departments and complements existing tests in the routine evaluation of patients presenting with dementia.

scholarly journals Frontal assessment battery and brain perfusion imaging in Alzheimer's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 994-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuko Oshima ◽  
Seishi Terada ◽  
Shuhei Sato ◽  
Chikako Ikeda ◽  
Shigeto Nagao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Frontal Assessment Battery ◽  
Assessment Battery

ABSTRACTBackground: The frontal assessment battery (FAB) is reported to be a useful tool for assessing frontal dysfunction. However, the neural substrates involved in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to identify the regional perfusion patterns of the brain associated with performance scores on the FAB of patients with AD using brain perfusion assessed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Methods: Twenty-four AD patients with high scores and 24 age- and sex-matched AD patients with low scores on the FAB were selected from 470 consecutive Japanese patients of the Memory Clinic of Okayama University Hospital. All 48 participants underwent brain SPECT with 99mTc-ethylcysteinate dimer, and the SPECT images were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping.Results: No significant differences were found between high and low FAB scoring groups with respect to Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination scores, Mini-Mental State Examination scores, or the depression score of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory subscale. Compared with patients with high scores on the FAB, AD patients with low scores showed significant hypoperfusion in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) extending to the left SFG.Conclusion: Our results suggest that functional activity of the SFG and MFG is closely related to the FAB score. The FAB might be a promising strategy to detect early stages of AD with low SFG and MFG function.

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