scholarly journals Rapid improvement of reading performance in children with dyslexia by altering the reading strategy: A novel approach to diagnoses and therapy of reading deficiencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Werth
Keyword(s):  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Reading Deficiencies ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Dyslexic Readers Improve without Training When Using a Computer-Guided Reading Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Reinhard Werth
Keyword(s):  
Movement Control ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Reading Deficiencies ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
German Children ◽  
Computer Aided Reading

Background: Flawless reading presupposes the ability to simultaneously recognize a sequence of letters, to fixate words at a given location for a given time, to exert eye movements of a given amplitude, and to retrieve phonems rapidly from memory. Poor reading performance may be due to an impairment of at least one of these abilities. Objectives: It was investigated whether reading performance of dyslexic children can be improved by changing the reading strategy without any previous training. Methods: 60 dyslexic German children read a text without and with the help of a computer. A tailored computer program subdivided the text into segments that consisted of no more letters than the children could simultaneously recognize, indicated the location in the segments to which the gaze should be directed, indicated how long the gaze should be directed to each segment, which reading saccades the children should execute, and when the children should pronounce the segments. The computer aided reading was not preceded by any training. Results: It was shown that the rate of reading mistakes dropped immediately by 69.97% if a computer determined the reading process. Computer aided reading reached the highest effect size of Cohen d = 2.649. Conclusions: The results show which abilities are indispensable for reading, that the impairment of at least one of the abilities leads to reading deficiencies that are diagnosed as dyslexia, and that a computer-guided, altered reading strategy immediately reduces the rate of reading mistakes. There was no evidence that dyslexia is due to a lack of eye movement control or reduced visual attention.

scholarly journals Contributions of the cognitive, affective and linguistic domains to strategy use and degree of strategy use to effective reading performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Seyed Hassan Talebi ◽  
Behnaz Seifallahpur
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Test Analysis

According to Oxford (1990), different learner variables affect the choice of learning strategy. It was also found that effective L2 readers know how to use strategies to foster reading comprehension and ineffective readers have little awareness of strategies to read effectively (Yang, 2002). This study investigates the contribution of three relatively important variables and their components (namely, the cognitive domain or awareness and use of strategies, the linguistic domain or general English proficiency level, and the affective domain or attitude toward reading in L2), to reading strategy use in English. The second purpose of the study is to find out the effect of reading strategy use on reading comprehension. For these purposes, 100 undergraduate Iranian EFL students participated in this study. They were given Language Proficiency Test, Test of reading comprehension in English, Reading Strategy Awareness and Use Questionnaire, and finallvy a questionnaire on attitude toward Reading. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistic (means, standard deviations), Pearson correlation procedure, regression analysis, ANOVA, and Scheffe post-hoc multiple range test. Analysis of data showed the three aforementioned variables, namely awareness and use of reading strategies, linguistic proficiency, and attitude toward reading had significant contributions to strategy use. However, strategy awareness showed to have the most contribution to strategy use. In addition, among the subgroups of strategy awareness, the metacognitive component showed to contribute more to strategy use. In this study it was also found students with higher strategy use gain better scores on the reading test. It is concluded that as degree of strategy use affects reading performance, in order to improve effective use of reading strategies teachers and learners should pay more attention to the development of awareness of reading strategies, especially the metacognitive component in order to have a good use of reading strategies for efficient reading.

scholarly journals Modular development enables rapid design of media for alternative hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Biedermann ◽  
Isabella R. Gengaro ◽  
Sergio A. Rodriguez-Aponte ◽  
Kerry R. Love ◽  
J. Christopher Love
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Stock Solutions

AbstractDeveloping media to sustain cell growth and production is an essential and ongoing activity in bioprocess development. Modifications to media can often address host or product-specific challenges, such as low productivity or poor product quality. For other applications, systematic design of new media can facilitate the adoption of new industrially relevant alternative hosts. Despite manifold existing methods, common approaches for optimization often remain time and labor intensive. We present here a novel approach to conventional media blending that leverages stable, simple, concentrated stock solutions to enable rapid improvement of measurable phenotypes of interest. We applied this modular methodology to generate high-performing media for two phenotypes of interest: biomass accumulation and heterologous protein production, using high-throughput, milliliter-scale batch fermentations of Pichia pastoris as a model system. In addition to these examples, we also created a flexible open-source package for modular blending automation on a low-cost liquid handling system to facilitate wide use of this method. Our modular blending method enables rapid, flexible media development, requiring minimal labor investment and prior knowledge of the host organism, and should enable developing improved media for other hosts and phenotypes of interest.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE READING STRATEGY TRAINING ON READING PERFORMANCE OF EFL STUDENTS: A CASE OF A HIGH SCHOOL IN VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Lạc Minh Thư ◽  
Khâu Hoàng Anh ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Phương Nam
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Efl Students

Đọc là một kĩ năng quan trọng mà người học cần phải đạt được. Vì nếu đọc giỏi, người học có thể lĩnh hội được nhiều tri thức về nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau của các dân tộc và quốc gia trên thế giới. Lo lắng khi đọc là một trong những vấn đề thường gặp trong quá trình học tiếng Anh của nhiều học sinh ngôn ngữ, điều đó đã ngăn cản việc tiếp thu ngôn ngữ nước ngoài của họ. Nhiều năm qua, một số bài nghiên cứu được tiến hành đã chỉ ra hiệu quả của việc sử dụng các chiến lược đọc nhận thức và hướng dẫn các chiến lược đọc cho sự cải thiện về kết quả làm bài đọc của học sinh trên lớp. Nghiên cứu này nhằm làm rõ về ảnh hưởng của việc rèn luyện sử dụng các chiến lược đọc nhận thức lên khả năng làm bài của học sinh ngôn ngữ ở một trường Cấp ba của tỉnh Vĩnh Long, Việt Nam. Thêm vào đó, mục đích của bài nghiên cứu còn nhằm xem nhận thức của học sinh về sự hiệu quả từ việc rèn luyện sử dụng các chiến lược đọc nhận thức. Hai nhóm, gồm 32 học sinh ở nhóm thực nghiệm và 37 học sinh ở nhóm đối chứng, đã tham gia vào cuộc khảo sát. Bài nghiên cứu sử dụng cả hai phương pháp định tính và định lượng để thu thập số liệu. Kết quả từ số liệu cho thấy có sự cải thiện tổng quát trong việc đọc hiểu của học sinh và có được nhận thức tích cực về việc rèn luyện cách sử dụng các chiến lược đọc nhận thức.

scholarly journals Modular development enables rapid design of media for alternative hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Biedermann ◽  
Isabella Gengaro ◽  
Sergio Rodriguez ◽  
Kerry Love ◽  
John Love
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Stock Solutions

Developing media to sustain cell growth and production is an essential and ongoing activity in bioprocess development. Modifications to media can often address host or product-specific challenges, such as low productivity or poor product quality. For other applications, systematic design of new media can facilitate the adoption of new industrially relevant alternative hosts. Despite manifold existing methods, common approaches for optimization often remain time and labor intensive. We present here a novel approach to conventional media blending that leverages stable, simple, concentrated stock solutions to enable rapid improvement of measurable phenotypes of interest. We applied this modular methodology to generate high-performing media for two phenotypes of interest: biomass accumulation and heterologous protein production, using high-throughput, milliliter-scale batch fermentations of Pichia pastoris as a model system. In addition to these examples, we also created a flexible open-source package for modular blending automation on a low-cost liquid handling system to facilitate wide use of this method. Our modular blending method enables rapid, flexible media development, requiring minimal labor investment and prior knowledge of the host organism, and should enable developing improved media for other hosts and phenotypes of interest.

Auditory and Visual Vigilance in Normal and Learning Disabled Readers

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Reading Deficiencies ◽  
Disabled Readers

The Continuous Performance Test was administered to normal and learning disabled males (CA 12.5) to test the proposition that learning disabled children manifest an attention deficit related to reading performance. Children were tested on two task lengths (4.45 and 9.30 minutes) and two modalities (auditory and visual) in which dependent measures were correct detections and false responses. As expected, learning disabled children with reading deficiencies made significantly fewer correct detections and more false responses than did normal children. There was no strong evidence to indicate that a visual presentation provided better attention for learning disabled children. Results were interpreted as supporting the notion that learning disabled readers are underattentive to critical stimuli.

Is there any efficient reading strategy when using text signals for navigation in a long document?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Lu ◽  
Qingjun Liu ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ji Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Personalized Recommendation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Text Signals

Purpose Since researchers have utilized text signals to develop a mass of within-document visualization analysis tools for reading aid in a long document, there is an increasing need to study the relationship between readers’ behavior of using text signals for navigation and their reading performance in the tools. The purpose of this paper is to combine the text signals using behavior and reading performance in two kinds of analysis tools to verify their relationship and discover whether there is any efficient reading strategy when using text signals to navigate a long document. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is a case study. The authors reviewed related literature first. After explaining the design ideas, interface and functions of THC-DAT and BOOKMARK, which are two reading tools utilizing two main kinds of text signals, one utilizing topics and the other utilizing headings for reading aid, a case study was presented to collect click data on the text signals of participants and their reading effectiveness (score) and efficiency (time). Findings The results confirm that the text signals using behavior for navigation has a significant impact on reading efficiency and no impact on reading effectiveness in both BOOKMARK and THC-DAT. The discrete degree of clicks behavior on text signals has an impact on reading efficiency. The using behavior of different types of text signals has different impacts on reading efficiency. Research limitations/implications Using text signals for navigation time evenly can help improve reading efficiency. And a basic strategy suggested to readers is focusing on reducing their time to find answers when using text signals for navigation in a long document. As to utilizing the two different kinds of text signals, readers can have different strategies. Accordingly, personalized recommendation based on interval of adjacent clicks will help to improve computer-aided reading tools. Originality/value This paper combines the text signals using behavior for navigation and reading performance in two kinds of visual analysis tools, studied the relationship between them and discovers some efficient reading strategies when using text signals for navigation to read a long document.

scholarly journals Face Recognition in the Scrambled Domain Using MK-RDA and ANN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Kavita Kadam ◽  
C.R Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Discriminate Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Surveillance Society ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Discriminative Patterns

Facial look identity is a vital mission by means of human-interacting structures that goal to be aware of versions within the human’s emotional state. the principle challenge or the crucial part in surveillance society is the privacy-shielding era. because the rapid improvement in the internet international it turns into very essential to scramble the pics in the video or files for the duration of transmission. in this the biometric identity of photographs or faces from scrambled pictures plays a completely tough mission. Numbers of various technology are carried out to provide privateness for the duration of surveillance or during transmission of video however they're lack of essential traits, like reversibility or visible fine maintenance. in lots of scrambling methods the faces are covered by a few animation which may additionally or may not cover all faces or it receives hard to recover pics from this technique. Many guide method also are us used by which we will unscramble an photo but they are no longer powerful that a good deal. to overcome all this matters we proposed a novel approach- Many-Kernel Random Discriminate analysis (MK-RDA) to find out discriminative patterns from chaotic indicators. structures get better accuracy bring about best photos. To PIE and ORL datasets has getting above ninety% accuracy.

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