scholarly journals Automatic Detection of Metadata Errors in a Registry of Clinical Studies Using Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) Graphs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Keuchel ◽  
Nicolai Spicher
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Constraint Language ◽  
The Future ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Automatic Validation

Registries of clinical studies such as ClinicalTrials.gov are an important source of information. However, the process of manually entering metadata is prone to errors which impedes their use and thereby the overall usefulness of the registry. In this work, we propose a generic approach towards detection of errors in the metadata by using the Shapes Constraint Language for defining rule templates covering constraints regarding value type and cardinality. We developed a Python 3 algorithm for the automatic validation of 15 rule instances applied to the whole ClinicalTrials.gov database (355,862 studies; 27th October 2020) resulting in more than 5 million metadata verifications. Our results show a large number of errors in different metadata fields, such as i) missing values, ii) values not coming from a predefined set or iii) wrong cardinalities, can be detected using this approach. Since 2015 approximately 5% of all studies contain one or more errors. In the future, we will apply this technique to other registries and develop more complex rules by focusing on the semantics of the metadata. This could render the possibility of automatically correcting entries, increasing the value of registries of clinical studies.

scholarly journals Evidence and Bias: The Case of the Evidential Future in Italian

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Ilaria Frana ◽  
Paula Menéndez-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
The Future ◽  
Source Of Information

Evidential markers encode the source of information that an individual (the evidential Origo) has for a proposition. In root declaratives, the Origo is always the speaker (see Korotkova 2016 and references therein). Instead, questions often display interrogative flip: the Origo shifts to the hearer (Garrett 2001; Speas & Tenny 2003, a.o.). While interrogative flip is widely attested across languages, some evidentials have been reported not to flip in questions (see, e.g., San Roque, Floyd & Norcliffe 2017; Bhadra 2017). What determines whether evidentials flip or not? Recent work (Korotkova 2016; Bhadra 2017) has proposed that there is a correlation between lack of flip and bias in questions. This paper contributes to our understanding of the interaction of evidentials and bias by investigating the behaviour of questions with the Italian non-predictive future. We characterize the non-predictive future as an inferential evidential marker (see also Mari 2009; Eckardt & Beltrama forthcoming), and show that lack of flip for the future correlates only with a particular type of bias: a reversal of the default bias associated with negative polar questions (Frana & Rawlins forthcoming). We trace back this pattern to an interaction between the evidential component of the future and the operator that triggers bias reversal.

Development and challenges over the next decade

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3111-3114
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Sanjay Rajagopalan ◽  
Mette Sørenson ◽  
Dave Newby ◽  
Robert D. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

For the future, well-designed sustainable prevention strategies are needed, based on the results of preclinical and clinical studies across sectors such as transport, housing, and energy in order to accomplish multiple gains for health, climate, and the environment.

scholarly journals Rational Inattention to News: The Perils of Forward Guidance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Gaballo
Keyword(s):  
Value Of Information ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Rational Inattention ◽  
Forward Guidance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

This paper studies the social value of information about the future. In a stylized OLG model, agents need to forecast the future price level, they observe the current price and perceive with idiosyncratic noise the expectation announced by a more informed authority. When forward guidance communication is loose, the market becomes a main source of information about the future. Reliance on market information amplifies the impact of shocks on prices, which increases ex ante uncertainty and worsens agents' forecasting ability, harming social welfare. However, an appropriate policy can convert the perils of the announcement in opportunities. (JEL D83, E13, E52, E62, H63)

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF USAGE OF COGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN READING FOR TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO BEGINNERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M SYIROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Source Of Information

In the modern methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language, special attention is paid to the training of future engineers, and the engineering profile is highlighted in the framework of teaching the language of the future specialty. Numerous works have been devoted to the training of foreign students of this profile, which have proven the existence of features of engineering thinking and perception of information. It was assumed that these features of thinking, the cognitive features of future engineers are formed under the influence of the specifics of vocational training, including reading engineering texts, since the texts of an engineering profile have a special structure. Reading as a type of speech activity plays a key role in the acquisition of knowledge by future engineers, since reading specialty texts is the main source of information for students. The work examines the main cognitive strategies, the use of which effectively affects the process of perception of information when reading. The author of the article considers reading strategies, the teaching of which at the stage of teacher training can help future engineers in the future when reading texts during their studies at a university and in preparation for entering a university.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Clinical Studies of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Outlook for the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi ISHIDA ◽  
Satoshi YAMASHITA ◽  
Tomoyuki MORIOKA ◽  
Shunsuke KAWANAMI ◽  
Atsuo YAMASHITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals The Role of Anesthetic Selection in Perioperative Bleeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Koichi Yuki ◽  
James A. DiNardo ◽  
Sophia Koutsogiannaki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Perioperative Bleeding ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction

Perioperative bleeding is one of the major comorbidities associated with surgery. While anesthesia is a critical component to perform surgery, a number of clinical studies supported the contribution of anesthetic drugs to perioperative bleeding. Here, we reviewed the literature on this topic including the underlying mechanism and discussed the future direction on coagulation research in anesthesia.

More clinical studies with herbal medicines: A requirement for the future

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Grünwald ◽  
N Armbrüster ◽  
H Stier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Future

Yana Kuncheva-Nacheva – Vasil Levski’s Sister

Epohi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stancho Todorov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Source Of Information

In addition to the researches of life and deeds of the Apostle of Freedom, we learn a lot of things concerning not only his times, but also his near and dear, among whom is also the object of the present article. Although Yana Kuncheva-Nacheva did not do great deeds, she takes a well-deserved place among many other women of that heroic epoch. She, as well as her family, helped Levski and the future revolution in general, as far as they could. Furthermore, her valuable memoirs about her brother and his times, and her life after the Liberation in the new social and political situation – a double process in itself – is a source of information of Yana herself and her relatives, as well as of the period in question.

Is Continuous ECG Recording on Heart Rate Monitors the Most Expected Function by Endurance Athletes, Coaches, and Doctors?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gajda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Desirable Feature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Source Of Information

Heart Rate Monitors (HRMs) are an indispensable tool for controlling training parameters of healthy athletes. They became a source of information about stress heart rhythm disturbances, recognized as unexpected increases in heart rate (HR), which can be life-threatening for athletes. Most HRMs do not recognize the type of arrhythmia, confusing them with artifacts. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of ECG recording functions by sports HRMs among endurance athletes, coaches, and physicians in comparison with other basic and hypothetical functions. We conducted 3 surveys among endurance athletes (76 runners, 14 cyclists, and 10 triathletes), as well as 10 coaches and 10 sports doctors to obtain information on how important ECG recording is, and what functions of HRMs should be improved to meet their expectations in the future. The respondents were asked questions regarding use and hypothetical functions, as well as preference for HRM type (optical/strap). For athletes, the 4 most important functions were distance traveled, pace, instant heart rate, and information about reaching the oxygen threshold. ECG recording was the 8th and 9th most important for momentary and continuous, respectively. Coaches opined more importance to ECG recording. Doctors placed ECG recording as most important. All participants preferred optical HRMs to strap HRMs. Research on the improvement and implementation of HRM functions shows slightly different preferences of athletes compared to coaches and doctors. Suspected arrhythmia increases the value of the HRM’s ability to record ECGs during training by athletes and coaches. For doctors, this is the most desirable feature in any situation. Considering the expectations of all groups continuous ECG recording during training will significantly improve the safety of athletes.

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