scholarly journals Zagreb Polynomials and Redefined Zagreb Indices for Chemical Structures Helpful in the Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Abaid ur Rehman Virk

A topological index (TI) is a number that is helpful in predicting the properties of chemical compounds. We can estimate the physical and chemical properties of several chemical compounds. In this study, we compute Zagreb polynomials and the redefined Zagreb indices for chemical compounds used in the treatment of COVID-19 namely remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and theaflavin.

Author(s):  
Jia-Bao Liu ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Shakila Baby ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Afzal Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Shafiq

Background: A topological index is a real number associated to a graph, that provides information about its physical and chemical properties along with their correlations.Topological indices are being used successfully in Chemistry, Computer Science and many other fields. Aim and Objective: In this article, we apply the well known, Cartesian product on F-sums of connected and finite graphs. We formulate sharp limits for some famous degree dependent indies. Results: Zagreb indices for the graph operations T(G), Q(G), S(G), R(G) and their F-sums have been computed. By using orders and sizes of component graphs, we derive bounds for Zagreb indices, F-index and Narumi-Katayana index. Conclusion: The formulation of expressions for the complicated products on F-sums, in terms of simple parameters like maximum and minimum degrees of basic graphs, reduces the computational complexities.


Author(s):  
Abaid ur Rehman Virk

A topological index is a quantity expressed as a number that help us to catch symmetry of chemical compounds. With the help of quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR), we can guess physical and chemical properties of several chemical compounds. Here, we will compute Shingali & Kanabour, Gourava and hype Gourava indices for the chemical compound Nicotine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Kashif Elahi

Natural zeolites are commonly described as macromolecular sieves. Zeolite networks are very trendy chemical networks due to their low-cost implementation. Sodalite network is one of the most studied types of zeolite networks. It helps in the removal of greenhouse gases. To study this rich network, we use an authentic mathematical tool known as M-polynomials of the topological index and show some physical and chemical properties in numerical form, and to understand the structure deeply, we compare different legitimate M-polynomials of topological indices, concluding in the form of graphical comparisons.


Author(s):  
Nemah Sahib Mohammed Husien ◽  
Rajaa Abd Alameer Gafel ◽  
Noor Dia Jaffer

This  literature  involved  explanation  about  separation organic  components  in  mixture such  as(chromatography ,extraction ,filtration, centrifuge…) , principles of separation  , methods of separation ,types of separation , purification  of separated  compounds , conditions of separation , physical and chemical properties of  mixture.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Urakov

The literature review shows that standards for the treatment of purulent diseases to date include antiseptic and disinfectants, but do not include agents that dilute and/or dissolve thick pus. It is shown that the pharmacodynamics of antiseptic and disinfectants consists in the local disinfecting effect of these agents. With local interaction with the surface of living and non-living tissues, these agents are able to sterilize it. It was found that for disinfection of the selected surfaces, these agents are used in solutions that contain these agents in concentrations that provide a denaturing effect. It is shown that denaturing action of antiseptic and disinfectants is a special case of dependence of local action of solutions of all medicines and chemical compounds on their concentration. The fact is that increasing the concentration of chemical compounds in solutions sooner or later turns that solutions into a liquid medium that is not compatible with life. Therefore, this liquid kills all cells of the micro-and macroworld. That is why the use of solutions with denaturing action provides a detrimental effect on the cells of all microorganisms and cells of the macroorganism. With local interaction with the tissues of the macroorganism, the drugs cause the following pharmacological effects: local sterilizing, irritating (local inflammatory) and cauterizing (necrotic) action. Thus solutions with denaturing concentration of one means increase the hardness, other means do not change the hardness, and the third means decrease the hardness of biological tissues, including purulent masses. From this it is concluded that today in the treatment of purulent diseases are used means, detrimental effect on all forms of life, and not means, unidirectionally acting on purulent masses. At the same time, it is shown that some of the modern antiseptic and disinfectants can change the properties of purulent masses in the right direction and optimize their removal by diluting and dissolving the thick pus. It is established that the leaders in the solvent action on thick and sticky pus are sodium bicarbonate solutions in combination with hydrogen peroxide. It is shown that solutions that effectively dissolve thick pus have special physical and chemical properties: all of them have moderate alkaline, temperature, boiling and osmotic activity. Preparations that most effectively dissolve thick pus and most quickly and completely remove it out of the purulent cavities, additionally contain carbon dioxide gas or oxygen gas under excessive pressure. In chronological order are recipes invented hygiene products with special physical and chemical properties, providing them with the ability to quickly and effectively liquefy, dissolve and remove the thick pus out of the purulent cavities. It is shown that a new group of hygiene products was discovered in Russia and was called Solvents of pus. The most effective and safe solvents of pus are warm (heated to a temperature of 42 C) solutions containing 24% sodium bicarbonate and 0.53% hydrogen peroxide.


Author(s):  
Aisha Javed ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Jamil ◽  
Jia-Bao Liu ◽  
Akbar Ali

Background:: A topological index of a molecular graph is the numeric quantity which can predict certain physical and chemical properties of the corresponding molecule. Xu et al. introduced some graph transformations which increase or decrease the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices and proposed a unified approach to characterize extremal (n, m)- graphs. Method:: Graph transformations are used to find the extremal graphs, these transformations either increase or decrease the general multiplicative Zagreb indices. By applying the transformations which increase the general multiplicative Zagreb indices we find the graphs with maximal general multiplicative Zagreb indices and for minimal general Zagreb indices we use the transformations which decrease the index. Result:: In this paper, we extend the Xu’s results and show that the same graph transformations increase or decrease the first and second general multiplicative Zagreb indices for . As an application, the extremal acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs are presented for general multiplicative Zagreb indices. Conclusion:: By applying the transformation we investigated that in the class of acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs, which graph gives the minimum and the maximum general multiplicative Zagreb indices.


Kerogen is the part of sedimentary organic matter that is not petroleum. It can be isolated by using acid destruction of minerals, except in recent sediments where this procedure results in important hydrolysis reactions. Whether the scale of observation is microscopic or molecular, kerogens are heterogeneous mixtures whose compositions vary according to the sedimentation medium. However, they can be globally characterized by their H : C and O : C ratios. Diagenetic modification is a thermodynamically oriented process that consists of passing from complicated chemical structures inherited from living organisms or created during sedimentation to simple stable molecules. However, it is kinetically controlled by the thermal history of the sediment during burial. Three main steps are distinguished. (i) Diagenesis, where O :C decreases and CO 2 and H 2 O are released. (ii) Catagenesis, where H : C decreases and petroleum and then gas are produced. (iii) Metagenesis, which consists of structural reorganization of the carbonaceous residue with little change in the elemental analysis. Modification can be followed by observing characteristic changes in physical and chemical properties.


2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Schroeder ◽  
Joanna Kurczewska

Abstract In recent years, the processing order during the synthesis of new chemical compounds has been redefined. Until now a chemist considered primarily receiving a new compound and only then searched for its potential application. The new philosophy of proceedings forces chemists to answer the question: what physical and chemical properties a new chemical compound must have, and what should be structured. After that it has to be planned how to get the compound including the defined budget. The compounds obtained by conventional chemical synthesis are then used to create new functional materials having the properties as scheduled. The paper presents the way of the proceedings from a molecular receptor to a new nanomaterial containing this receptor, so in other words from individual molecules to new material with specific and previously planned properties.


1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.


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