scholarly journals Powering community electrical loads in Cameroon using off-grid hybrid energy systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-48
Author(s):  
Dan Nchelatebe Nkwetta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Electrical Loads

The millions of users in developing countries often live far off the electric grid (rural areas) which seems not very cost effective extending the national grid to these rural areas as per respective governments. Africa’s total primary energy supply has seen an increasing annual rate of about 3%, seeming to be the highest among all other continents. The African continent as a whole is endowed with large renewable energy potential, varying in type across diverse geographic locations. These resources, and the settings in which they exist, can point to country or regional specific renewable energy solutions to fit each nation’s strengths and needs. In Sub-Saharan Africa, reliable access to electric power must be consider a basic precondition to improve people’s lives as it further promote education, health care and economic growth via the creation of sustainable and clean energy jobs. Until recently, renewable energy technologies (RETs) have been confronted with a huge up-front cost and technologies in development but massive and global deployment of renewable energy systems has led to significant cost reductions and performance improvements and the hope is to see increasing uptake of RETs by African countries. Cameroon a Central African country is heavily reliant on hydropower, which contributes an estimated 60% to the country’s total installed 1,400MW capacity in 2015. In addition, there is constants power failure due to the non-reliability of the electric grid and load shedding to meet increasing demand. However, climate change poses additional huge risk (large reservoirs and dams drying up) and to meet the increasing demand, Cameroon is being forced to seek alternative power sources. This paper proposes the need for a sustainable hybrid energy system design and the development of an effective design, simulation and analysis approach of stand-alone off-grid in Cameroon as a potential optimal solution to help power community electrical loads. Finding an optimized mix of renewable energy technologies for Bandjoun and Muyuka were the goals of this paper.

scholarly journals Modeling, Control, and Optimization of Multi-Generation and Hybrid Energy Systems

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Kody M. Powell ◽  
Kasra Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
Increasing Trend

As renewable energy technologies decrease in cost and become more prevalent, there is an increasing trend towards electrification of many energy systems [...]

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Entrepreneurs: A Conceptual Framework

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avri Eitan ◽  
Gillad Rosen ◽  
Lior Herman ◽  
Itay Fishhendler
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Means Of Production

The adoption of renewable energies contributes to sustainable development worldwide. Entrepreneurs are key agents in facilitating their promotion, as they improve the mix of the means of production and thus transform renewable energy technologies into viable energy systems. Nonetheless, the literature tends to treat entrepreneurs as a homogeneous group, thus preventing comprehensive understanding of their motivations, behaviors, capabilities, and effects. This study addresses this research gap by identifying and categorizing the various characteristics of these entrepreneurs and developing an integrated classification method. Four examples of renewable energy entrepreneurs, in China, Denmark, Germany, and India, are analyzed according to the proposed classification method, while demonstrating their differences. Thus, through proposing a new analytical typology, this study improves our understanding of renewable energy entrepreneurs and their significant role in the promotion of renewable energy worldwide.

A Review on Optimization Modeling of Hybrid Energy Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-62
Author(s):  
Marwa Mallek ◽  
Jalel Euchi ◽  
Yacin Jerbi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

Hybrid energy systems (HESs) are an excellent solution for electrification of remote rural areas where the grid extension is difficult or not economical. Usually, HES generally integrate one or several renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal with fossil fuel powered diesel/petrol generator to provide electric power where the electricity is either fed directly into the grid or to batteries for energy storage. This chapter presents a review on the solution approaches for determining the HES systems based on various objective functions (e.g. economic, social, technical, environmental and health impact). In order to take account of environmental and health impacts from energy systems, several energy optimization model was developed for minimizing pollution and maximizing the production of renewable energy.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Communities in Rural Areas towards the Development of Wind Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8052
Author(s):  
Mirosława Witkowska-Dabrowska ◽  
Natalia Świdyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Baryła
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Structure Indices

The objective of the study was to demonstrate attitudes towards wind energy facilities in the area of the Korsze Commune. The results of the study were processed using structure indices calculated from the respondents’ answers, which were analyzed in terms of social and economic factors. The study revealed that both the NIMBY syndrome and the lack of civic engagement influence attitudes towards renewable energy technologies in rural areas. The NIMBY (“not in my backyard”) term describes negative public attitudes towards proposed development projects. However, some trends towards more pronounced attitudes can be observed, depending on socioeconomic conditions. The research results imply that the measures taken to promote renewable energy technologies should be designed differently depending on the socioeconomic situation of the targeted audience. Young people might be reached via social media appropriate to their age, and through campaigns promoting local investments. For older people, traditional ways of communication can be used, but the information transmitted should include specific benefits for the whole society as well as for individual households. The conducted research revealed that, despite the fact that many authors deny the occurrence of NIMBY syndrome in relation to the wind energy, the NIMBY problem has occurred in the Korsze Commune. The biggest challenge in the survey was the unwillingness of the residents to participate in it, which only confirms the lack of social involvement.

scholarly journals Emerging Technologies for the Energy Systems of the Future

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam ◽  
Vahid Vahidinasab ◽  
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo ◽  
Reza Razzaghi ◽  
Fazel Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
The Way

The way the world gets its energy is undergoing a rapid transition, driven by both the increased urgency of decarbonizing energy systems and the plummeting costs of renewable energy technologies [...]

scholarly journals Use of Renewable Energy Sources for Energy Generation in Rural Areas in the Island of Crete, Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Zero Carbon

Use of renewable energies in rural areas in the island of Crete, Greece has been investigated. Crete has rich indigenous renewable energy resources which are currently utilized for covering part of its energy requirements. Various renewable energy technologies used for heat and electricity generation in the island have been examined. Solar energy, wind energy, hydro power, biomass, and low enthalpy geothermal energy are already used. The total installed electric power of renewable energies in Crete, located mostly in rural areas, is approximately at 30% of the total electric power installed. They currently generate more than 20% of the island’s annual electricity needs. More renewable energy applications are foreseen in the future in rural areas in Crete as soon as its electric grid will be interconnected with the country’s continental grid. New renewable energy technologies, which are not currently used, could generate in the future heat, cooling, electricity, and vehicle’s fuels in the island. Their use will have positive impacts including the promotion of energy investments, lower use of imported and polluting fossil fuels, de-carbonization of the island’s energy sector as well as creation of new local jobs. It is indicated that the rich renewable energy resources in Crete could provide almost all of its annual energy needs. This will result in Crete’s transformation to a low or zero carbon economy in accordance with EU targets for zero carbon emissions in the next decades complying with the global goal for climate change mitigation.

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