Modern practices for wastewater reuse in urban agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
Aman Tejaswi ◽  
Saket Anand ◽  
Manoj K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Synthetic Adsorbents

Reuse of wastewater is getting progressively popular; however, it comes with a set of risks and challenges. The fit-for-purpose wastewater treatment and effective on-site farm management practices can be employed to enhance benefits and reduce risks. This paper analyses and evaluates various non-conventional treatment options and on-site farm practices for wastewater fed irrigation to grow safer products. The treatment techniques accessed covers from simple sedimentation ponds to sandbags, fabric-based and bio-sand filtrations, natural and synthetic adsorbents, and microfiltration. The advantages, risks, applicability, and limitations for all considered treatment systems have been evaluated and discussed. Likewise, farm management practices including various irrigation methods have also been evaluated. Wastewater fed drip irrigation are regarded as much safer practice, especially for the production of leafy vegetables.

scholarly journals Understanding effects of multiple farm management practices on barley performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libère Nkurunziza ◽  
Iman Raj Chongtham ◽  
Christine A. Watson ◽  
Håkan Marstorp ◽  
Ingrid Öborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management

Can farm-management practices reduce the impact of house mouse populations on crops in an irrigated farming system?

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Brown ◽  
Micah J. Davies ◽  
Grant R. Singleton ◽  
J. David Croft
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of a range of farm-management practices on house mouse (Mus domesticus) populations were tested in a large replicated field study in a complex irrigated farming system in southern New South Wales, Australia. An advisory panel, made up of farmers, extension officers, industry representatives and scientists developed a series of best-practice farm-management actions to minimise the impact of mice. Twelve experimental sites were split into six treated sites, where farmers were encouraged to conduct the recommended practices, and six untreated sites, where farmers conducted their normal farming practices. Mouse abundance was generally low to moderate for the 4-year project (5–60% adjusted trap success). We found significant reductions in population abundance of mice on treated sites when densities were moderate, but no differences when densities were low. Biomass of weeds and grasses around the perimeter of crops were significantly lower on treated sites because of applications of herbicide sprays and grazing by sheep. We could not detect any significant difference in mouse damage to crops between treated and untreated sites; however, levels of damage were low (<5%). Yields of winter cereals and rice crops were significantly higher on treated sites by up to 40%. An analysis of benefits and costs of conducting farming practices on treated sites compared with untreated sites showed a 2 : 1 benefit to cost ratio for winter cereals, 9 : 1 for rice and 4 : 1 for soybeans.

scholarly journals A holistic sustainability assessment of organic (certified and non-certified) and non-organic smallholder farms in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Wanjiku Kamau ◽  
Christian Schader ◽  
Lisa Biber-Freudenberger ◽  
Till Stellmacher ◽  
David M. Amudavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
Farm Types

AbstractThe introduction of organic farm management practices in sub-Saharan Africa could act as a lever for supporting regional sustainable development. In this study, we sought to assess the sustainability performance of organic (certified and non-certified) and non-organic farms in the dry Kajiado County and the wet Murang’a County in Kenya, based on four sustainability dimensions: Good Governance, Environmental Integrity, Economic Resilience and Social Well-Being. We collected household survey data from 400 smallholder farms, which were formally characterized into five types (mixed organic and conventional, certified organic, organic, conventional, and subsistence farms). We used multivariate analysis of variance, linear fixed-effects and general linear models to examine differences in sustainability performance. Model results indicate that all farms lack reliable farm management information and that only limited knowledge, skills and social security exist for farmers and farm workers. Comparison of the five farm types indicates no significant differences in their sustainability performance. Nonetheless, certified organic farms had better sustainability performance than non-certified farms due to higher economic resilience, environmental integrity, better support and training for workers. However, except for avoiding the use of agrochemicals in certified farms, there is relatively little difference in the farm management practices across farm types. Our results also indicate that farms in Murang’a were more sustainable than those in Kajiado due to better regional land-tenure security and conflict resolution mechanisms, soil and water conservation measures, and farm commercial viability. Nonetheless, unlike Kajiado, farms in Murang’a showed a tendency toward poor animal husbandry practices which affects overall animal welfare, limited credit uptake and market involvement. The results of this study can support decision making to identify appropriate interventions for improving sustainability in smallholder farms.

scholarly journals Assessment of Farm management risk factors of contracting haemoparasitic infections in Pastoralist and Sedentary cattle in Soba Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Danbirni ◽  
B. B. Dauda ◽  
S. N. A. Saidu ◽  
L. B. Tekdek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Preliminary Study

The major cattle management system observed in Soba Local Government Area was pastoral husbandry system. Under this system, cattle were extensively grazed on established forages of Kaduna State forests and were exposed to various arthropod vectors of haemoparasites. These haemoparasites are a serious threat to food security in Soba LGA due to their influence on cattle productivity. Questionnaires were used in assessing some farm management risk factors of contracting haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in Soba LGA. A total of 24 herdsmen made up of 20 pastoralists and 4 sedentary herdsmen were interviewed. The study revealed, that some herd management practices were observed to have constituted risks to acquiring haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentar y herds in the study area. For instance, vectors of haemoparasites such as ticks and biting flies aside Glossina were present in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in the study area. Some farm management practices such as screening of herds for haemoparasites, treatment of it once in 12 months and quarantining of new stock before adding to the existing herds were found not to be carried. Thus, constituted risk factors in the herds. This preliminary study, provided evidence of the possible arthropod vectors (ticks and biting flies) that may be involved in the transmission of haemoparasites to cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State. It is envisaged that this survey will stimulate more studies to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites in cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State.

Voice Treatment Techniques

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pannbacker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Voice Treatment

Clinicians are confronted with several treatment options for which there are limited data about efficacy. Some voice treatment practices have broad acceptance, whereas others, such as breathing exercises and optimum pitch, are controversial. This paper reviews what is currently known about the efficacy of voice treatment and makes recommendations for future studies of voice treatment outcomes and efficacy.

A survey of farm management practices and their associations with anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks in Ontario, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Falzon ◽  
P.I. Menzies ◽  
J. Vanleeuwen ◽  
A. Jones-Bitton ◽  
K.P. Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Farm Management
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