scholarly journals Examining the sources of self-efficacy among instrumental music teachers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bradley James Regier
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
General Education ◽  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Instrumental Music Teachers ◽  
Mastery Experiences ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

This dissertation comprises three projects that were designed to investigate the extent that mastery experiences, verbal persuasions, vicarious experiences, and physiological state contribute to instrumental music teachers' self-efficacy. The first investigation was a review of the literature about self-efficacy and its sources among general education teachers, music teachers, and preservice teachers. The second investigation was a survey study of how instrumental teachers' self-efficacy for teaching strategies is influenced by its four sources. Results indicated concert band directors' self-efficacy related the most with mastery experiences, followed by verbal persuasions, physiological state, and vicarious experiences, respectively. Further investigation indicated levels of self-efficacy related with years of experience and self-perceptions of effective teaching. The third investigation was a case study of preservice instrumental teachers' self-efficacy and concerns. Participants' beliefs were most impacted by their familiarity with a setting and perceived success of previous pedagogical experiences. Results from these three projects indicated that instrumental music teachers' self-efficacy (a) is most influenced by the relative success of previous teaching experiences, (b) relates to effective teaching behaviors, and (c) improves with experience and familiarity in a setting.

Examining Relationships Among Concert Band Directors’ Efficacious Sources, Self-Efficacy for Teaching Strategies, and Effective Teaching Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-450
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Concert Band ◽  
Band Directors ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Mastery Experiences ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent that concert band directors’ self-efficacy for teaching strategies was influenced by its four sources: mastery experiences, verbal persuasions, vicarious experiences, and physiological state. A secondary purpose was to investigate possible relationships between directors’ self-efficacy and self-perceptions of effective teaching. Participants were high school concert band directors ( N = 610). They responded to the Concert Band Directors’ Self-Efficacy for Teaching Strategies Scale, Sources of Self-Efficacy for Concert Band Teaching Scale, and a scale for effective teaching abilities. Directors’ self-efficacy for teaching strategies were influenced most by mastery experiences, followed by verbal persuasions, physiological state, and vicarious experiences. Participants’ self-efficacy scores associated with their experience level and the influence of each source on self-efficacy differed between early-, mid-, and late-career directors. Furthermore, participants who reported greater self-efficacy for teaching strategies also rated themselves as more confident for using effective teaching skills.

Aural-Diagnostic and Prescriptive Skills of Preservice and Expert Instrumental Music Teachers

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Doerksen
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Expert Teachers ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Instrumental Music Teachers ◽  
Performance Problems

This study is an investigation of the aural-diagnostic and prescriptive skills of preservice and expert instrumental music teachers. Specifically, the researcher sought to determine how the two groups compared with respect to evaluations for band performances of different music-difficulty and performance-quality levels. Subjects listened to an audiotape recording that comprised four types of performances: Difficult Music and Excellent Performance, Difficult Music and Average Performance, Moderate Music and Excellent Performance, and Moderate Music and Average Performance. For each performance type, subjects responded to four evaluative areas in the investigator-designed Aural-Diagnostic and Prescriptive Skills Test: performance-quality ratings of nine select music elements, rankings of the nine elements, diagnoses of performance problems associated with the weakest-ranked elements, and prescriptions of rehearsal solutions for the diagnosed performance problems. Results indicate that (a) regardless of performance types, preservice teachers rated Intonation lower than did expert teachers; (b) interactions exist among the four performance types for subjects' ratings of Tone Quality, Intonation, Articulation, and Dynamics; and (c) compared to preservice teachers, a higher proportion of expert teachers ranked Blend/Balance and Musical Interpretation as the weakest- performed music elements.

Instrumental Opportunities: Music for All

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Linda Thornton ◽  
Mara E. Culp
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Teaching ◽  
Music Teacher Education ◽  
Inclusive Settings ◽  
Instrumental Music Teachers ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
The Face

Although resources exist to help instrumental music teachers assist learners in inclusive settings, students’ voices may be absent from those resources. As such, music teachers may struggle to honor the needs and experiences of students with physical differences. Students with physical differences may be steered away from instrumental music or toward an instrument that may not be the student’s preference. The purpose of this study was to understand the stories of students with physical differences and their teacher to examine how participation in instrumental music was enabled in this setting. Data were generated through examining artifacts and completing interviews with the instrumental music teacher, students, and students’ parents. Interview data were analyzed using process/action coding. Main themes that emerged were (a) previous experiences and prior knowledge, (b) recognizing strengths and challenges, (c) perseverance toward desires in the face of uncertainty, (d) help and support from others, and (e) materials. Implications for future research and possible applications to music teaching and music teacher education are discussed.

scholarly journals Vietnamese Young Graduate Employees’ Evaluation of Sources of Self-efficacy at Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Thi Hong Thai Bui ◽  
Thi Anh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Thi Mui Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Verbal Persuasion ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
Mastery Experiences ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

Background:Self-efficacy at work is considered to be one of the factors affecting employees’ quality of work life and professional development. Understanding the sources of employees’ self-efficacy at work is essential, especially in the context of Viet Nam’s Doi Moi (Renovation) policy that has led to wide-reaching socio-economic changes in Viet Nam, including the workplace over the past 30 years.Methods:This article is based on a quantitative study of 166 Vietnamese graduates with less than 2-year working experience at their organizations, followed by 11 interviews. The study seeks to demonstrate their evaluation of the sources of self-efficacy at work.Findings:The results show that “physiological and emotional states”, “vicarious experiences” and “verbal persuasion” have a significantly positive correlation with self-efficacy at work while no remarkable association is observed for “mastery experiences”. In addition, the content of the interviews further clarifies the above-mentioned results.Conclusion:The findings suggest the important role of cultural-social factors and the characteristics of the workforce in Viet Nam in interpreting employee’s self-efficacy.

scholarly journals A practice-based intervention to prepare preservice teachers for inclusion using universal design for learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mary Elizabeth Decker
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
General Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Universal Design For Learning ◽  
Diverse Learners ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Design For Learning ◽  
The Impact

General education pre-service teachers are expected to teach diverse learners, including those with disabilities, in the general education settings. Yet many are not adequately prepared to teach all students. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework to increase inclusive practices, however, it is unknown how to best teach this to pre-service teachers. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of using a practice-based approach to teach UDL as compared to a lecture-based approach to teach UDL to better prepare general education pre-service teachers. Constructs of interest include pre-service teachers' fundamental knowledge including UDL, self-efficacy and UDL application. A mixed methods triangulation design was employed. While pre-service teachers from both groups had significant gains in their foundational knowledge, reported self-efficacy, reported UDL knowledge and ability to apply UDL ideas, participants in the practice-based group did have some advantages, specifically in the area of UDL application.

scholarly journals Investigation of self-Efficacy sources of classroom teachers based on various variablesSınıf öğretmenleri öz-yeterlik kaynaklarinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Yeliz Temli Durmuş
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Verbal Persuasion ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Teaching Experiences ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Mastery Experiences ◽  
Career Cycle ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

The aim of the study is to clarify classroom teachers’ self-efficacy sources perception. Four factors of self-efficacy and general total values based on various variables. Independent variables are gender, teaching experiences, and cities where participant work in. Mastery experiences, Vicarious Experiences, Verbal persuasion and Emotional and psychological states are defined as four factors that constitute sources of self-efficacy. In this quantitative survey study, convenient sampling was used. Self-efficacy is affected by instructional methods used by teachers, materials and infrastructure of learning environments. That is why author determine easily accessible two cities to compare different locations and opportunities. In total of 128 volunteer classroom teachers, 69 female participants (53.9%) and 59 male participants (46.1%) participated in the study.  Findings show female teachers have statistically significant higher scores on vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion than male participants according to Mann Whityney U test results [U1(3512)=-2,183; U2(3221)=-2,283; p<.05]. Teaching experiences showed statistically significant results about emotional and physiological factor. Teaching experiences did not have statistically significant effect on total scores of self-efficacy sources and also vicarious experiences factor. Kruskal Wallis H scores did not show statistically meaningful scores for teaching experiences effect on mastery experiences and verbal persuasion. On the other hand, Emotional and psychological states have statistically significant effect on sources of self-efficay [H(1218)=7,198; p<.05]. The items emphasize “negative feelings like anxiety, sadness. Location did not show any statistically significant differences on total scores of self-efficacy sources and also four factors of it. Female classroom teachers are affected by verbal constructive/positive feedbacks on their profession than male classroom teachers schools administrators can use the finding to motivate them. Verbal persuasion can be used to create high expectations from themselves and recognize their educational products. The higher teaching experiences teachers have the lowest worries they have. Teachers in induction stage of teacher career cycle could be supported to decrease about their emotional-physiological concerns on teaching to support self-efficacy sources.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmenlerinin öz-yeterlik kaynaklarını kendi aldı ve deneyimlerini ifade etmelerine bağlı kalarak ortaya koymaktır. Öz-yeterlik kaynaklarının 4 boyutu ve toplam puanlarının çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir.  Bağımsız değişkenler cinsiyet, öğretmenlik deneyimi, görev yapılan il olarak belirlenmiştir. Performans başarıları olarak da ifade edilebilen doğrudan deneyimler, dolaylı deneyimler, sözel ikna ve duygusal ve psikolojik durum köz-yeterlik kaynaklarının boyutlarıdır.  Nicel tarama araştırması olan bu çalışmada Uygun Örneklem kullanılmıştır. Öz-yeterlik öğretim yöntemleri, meğitim materyalleri, okul altyapısı gibi birçok faktörden etkilendiğini alanyazın desteklemektedir. Bu nedenle farklı iki ilde bu çalışmayı gerçekleştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 128 gönüllü sınıf öğretmeni çalışmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcıların 69’u kadın (%53,9), 59’u erkektir. (%46,1).Mann Whitney U testi sonuçlarına göre [U1(3512)=-2,183; U2(3221)=-2,283; p<.05] Kadın sınıf öğretmenleri erkek sınıf öğretmenlerinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı dolaylı yaşantılar ve sözel ikna boyutlarında daha yüksek puanlar almıştır. Öğretmenlik deneyiminde fizyolojik ve duygusal durum boyutta toplam öz-yeterlik boyutlarının genel toplamında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkisi bulunmamıştır. Kruskal Wallis H puanları performans başarıları ve sözel ikna boyutlarında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. fizyolojik ve duygusal durum öğretmenlik deneyimiyle ilişkili bulunmuştur [H(1218)=7,198; p<.05]. Bu boyutun maddeleri incelendiğinde endişe, korku, gibi olumsuz Kabul edilebilecek durumların öğrenme ortamında yaşanmasının deneyimle azaldığı sonucuna varılabilir. Kadın sınıf öğretmenleri sözel ikna boyutundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etkilenmekte olduğundan okul yöneticileri/müdürlerin sözel iknayı öğretmenlerin motivasyonunu artırmada kullanabileceği düşünülebilir. Bu durumun öz-yeterlik kaynaklarını destekleyerek etkili bir öz-yeterlik hissiyle eğitim çıktıları desteklenebilir. Öğretmenlik deneyimi ve arttıkça öğretmenlerin öğrenme ortamında kaygılarının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Mesleğine yeni başlayan öğretmenlerin duygusal-fizyolojik boyutta kaygıları olduğu çalışmanın bulguları arasındadır ve bu dönemdeki öğretmenlere motivasyon arttırıcı destekler verilebilir.

A Comparison of Expert and Novice Music Teachers' Preparing Identical Band Compositions: An Operational Replication

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Goolsby
Keyword(s):  
Novice Teachers ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Band Directors ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Instrumental Music Teachers ◽  
Expert And Novice ◽  
Identical Composition ◽  
And Performance

This replication is the third causal-comparative study of expert and novice instrumental music teachers seeking to determine characteristics that may define successful, outstanding band directors, using methodology refined in two previous studies (Goolsby, 1996, 1997). Here, 10 expert and 10 novice teachers prepared an identical composition for a rated performance. A total of 216 rehearsals were analyzed to establish frequency distributions for 30 teaching and performance variables and for sequential patterns of instruction. Results showed that novices used more time overall and spent more time in verbal instruction while preparing the composition. The expert teachers spent a greater percentage of the rehearsals performing than novices did. Differences for frequency distributions indicate that novice teachers stopped and restarted more frequently without providing instruction; experts addressed balance, style, tone, and intonation more than did novices.

Why don’t we teach social studies? Preservice teachers’ social studies self-efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Heather Rogers Haverback
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Studies Education ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sense Of Efficacy ◽  
Mastery Experiences

Purpose The majority of states and school systems within the USA have implemented the Common Core State Standards, but with this implementation and focus on language arts and mathematics, many believe that social studies education has lagged. The purpose of this paper is to investigate preservice teachers’ social studies self-efficacy, experiences, and beliefs. Participants were preservice teachers in a required education course. During this course, preservice teachers were required to complete a 20-hour practicum within a school. Participants completed a teacher social studies self-efficacy scale, as well as a reflection questionnaire and course discussions. Results showed that preservice teachers reported that they did not have social studies experiences within the practicum. Implications of this study support preservice teachers having additional social studies education and C3 Framework mastery experiences. Design/methodology/approach With regard to the teacher’s sense of efficacy scale, descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations) were calculated. Following qualitative tradition (Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Miles and Huberman, 1994), the author used a constant comparative method to code the reflection questionnaire and group discussions. This included calculating answers and coding themes across the sources. These data gleaned insight into the participants’ experiences within the course and practicum regarding the domain of social studies education. Findings To answer research question 1, means and standard deviations were calculated. Using the social studies teacher’s sense of efficacy scale, participants reported M=6.4, SD=1.25. Research question 2 concerned whether or not participants were given a mastery experience (practicum/tutoring) in social studies. Moreover, if they were not given such an experience, in what domain did they work? Results indicated that a few participants (19 percent) stated that they had an opportunity to tutor in social studies. Most reported that the majority of their tutoring is in reading (58 percent) or mathematics (24 percent). Research limitations/implications The findings from this study inform social studies research as it focuses on teacher social studies self-efficacy and mastery experiences within a practicum. First, preservice teachers in this study had relatively low self-efficacy beliefs in the domain of social studies. Second, the participants had very few mastery experiences in social studies. Finally, preservice teachers seem to feel that they will enjoy teaching social studies, and they did learn social studies within their schools. Practical implications Teacher educators are constrained in the time that they have to impart knowledge, pedagogy, and efficacy beliefs on preservice teachers. While evolving legislative mandates are at the forefront of many aspects of teaching, a teacher’s belief in his or her ability to teach may be what leads to perseverance in the classroom. Experiences within social studies classrooms and a use of the C3 Framework will help to highlight teachers’ and students’ growth within the domain of social studies. This study highlights the need for more mastery experiences in social studies as a way of strengthening new teachers’ content knowledge. Social implications The future of social studies education within the classroom seems to be a dire situation. The consequence of the marginalization of social studies within the classroom is twofold. First, students to do have direct social studies instruction. Second, preservice teachers do not have an opportunity to observe or teach within this domain. As stated earlier, legislation is guiding classroom instruction. However, if teachers and schools are informed, social studies education does not have to disappear from student’s classroom time. School systems and teachers who have not yet done so should begin to consider using the C3 Framework. Originality/value The need to understand preservice teachers’ social studies self-efficacy beliefs is of importance given the constraints that they will most likely be facing once they enter the classroom. In other words, if preservice teachers are expected to teach children social studies, teacher educators should understand their learning of and beliefs about teaching in this domain. This study focused on preservice teachers’ self-efficacy and social studies beliefs. This study highlights the need for more mastery experiences in social studies as a way of strengthening new teachers’ content knowledge. Today, there are limitations wherein preservice teachers do not have many experiences with social studies. Future approaches should focus on offering more mastery experiences to preservice teachers.

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