Three essays on the labor market in China

This dissertation consists of three chapters studying the impact of different policies in China on its labor market. In particular, we consider the impact of the Cultural Revolution on intergenerational mobility, the impact of college expansion on earnings and unemployment, and the impact of college expansion on migration. In the first chapter, we study the impacts of the Cultural Revolution on intergenerational and multi-generational educational mobility in China. We use a difference-in-difference method to show that the Cultural Revolution (CR) significantly reduced the advantage of having a more-educated father on a child's educational attainment. The impact of the CR on intergenerational mobility is identified by an index that measures for each individual the number of school years during which the CR restricted education access. The decline of the effect of father's educational level on children's college degree attainment is mediated through the likelihood of obtaining a high school degree, participating in the college entrance examination, and obtaining higher exam scores for those who take the exam. However, the Cultural Revolution did not fully eliminate the advantage of having a more-educated father on a child's educational achievement, nor did it reduce the effect of grandfather's schooling on a grandchild's educational achievement. In the second chapter, we study the short-term response of the labor market to an unprecedented expansion in the Chinese higher education system from 1999 to 2012 on labor market outcomes for young and older college graduates and non-college graduates. Using the number of provincial college admissions as a measure of college expansion, we identify the impacts of the college expansion on the college premium, unemployment, and skills used in first jobs. In the short run, the college expansion decreased the college premium and increased the likelihood of unemployment for new college graduates. Also, the college expansion reduced the cognitive skills used in college graduates' first jobs. The negative impact of the college expansion on labor outcomes is smaller for older college graduates. Our results are consistent with findings published in the 1970s focusing on the effects of the U.S college expansion. In the third chapter, we study the impact of aggregate college admissions on inter-provincial migration in China for different age groups. Examining migration propensity, we find that the college expansion has a direct "enrollment effect" and a "competition effect" on the likelihood of inter-provincial migration. College-bound students are more likely to migrate at ages 17-20 as college admissions in outside provinces increase; and college graduates are more likely to migrate after graduation as the number of local new college graduates increases. In addition, we identify a negative impact of local college admissions on migration at ages 17-20, reflecting the improvement in local educational and labor market opportunities. We also use a conditional Logit model to consider the choice of migration destination and identify how inter-regional differences in college growth affect the patterns of migration. These three chapters provide multiple policy implications as well as evidence for labor economic theories and hypotheses as they relate to China's labor market.

THE IMPORTANCE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS IN INCREASING EMPLOYMENT EFFICIENCY IN GANJA-KAZAKH ECONOMIC REGION

International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122021/7710 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. A. Hasanova

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Economic Region ◽

Investment Projects ◽

Oil Sector ◽

The Republic ◽

State Programs ◽

Production Areas ◽

The article analyzes the labor market in Ganja-Gazakh economic region, the main "State Programs for socio-economic development of the regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan" (2004-2008, 2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2023) to address the employment problems of the population. directions were considered. At the same time, the current situation of employment and unemployment in the region, the interregional distribution of productive forces, the region's infrastructure, the geography of natural resources were studied. Traditional production areas for the region, preferential loans provided to entrepreneurs within the framework of financed investment projects and other issues were discussed. The measures taken to eliminate the negative impact of the global crisis on the regions of Azerbaijan since 2016, the volume of output in key sectors of the economy are reflected. The discrepancy between job supply and demand in the region's labor market, as well as the main problems arising in the process of their coordination were analyzed. The urgency of original issues such as increasing production and exports, attracting effective employment, ensuring regional development by attracting domestic and foreign investment to the regions was brought to attention. The impact of investments in the regions on the development of the non-oil sector on the country's GDP was studied. The enterprises and jobs created in Ganja-Gazakh economic region were discussed within the program. In the end, the results of the analysis were reflected and suggestions were made to eliminate the existing problems.

The Impact of the Capture of Leaders of Criminal Organizations on the Labor Market: Evidence from Mexico

10.36095/banxico/di.2021.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Osuna Gómez ◽

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Census Data ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Difference Analysis ◽

Criminal Organizations ◽

Before And After ◽

Economic Census ◽

The Difference ◽

Integral Assessment ◽

This paper estimates the impact of the capture of leaders of criminal organizations on the labor market in municipalities where these organizations operated between 2004 and 2006. The difference-in-difference analysis compares different employment outcomes in cartel locations and the rest, before and after the capture of cartel leaders. The results show that captures caused a decrease in nominal wages and paid employment in cartel municipalities. Using Economic Census Data, I find that captures also caused a fall in the number of establishments and had a negative impact on other establishment outcomes. This document focuses exclusively on the impact of the capture of leaders of criminal organizations on the labor market until 2011 without studying other possible consequences, and thus does not make an integral assessment of this policy

China: The Impact of the Cultural Revolution

The History Teacher ◽

10.2307/492039 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Melvin T. L. Ang ◽

Bill Brugger ◽

Andres D. Onate

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

The Impact ◽

The Impact of the Cultural Revolution in China on the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia

Modern Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0026749x00012464 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 409-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Sneath

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

Government Policy ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

The Political ◽

The West ◽

Autonomous Region ◽

News Reports ◽

The Subject ◽

The Impact ◽

A number of papers have been written in the west on the subject of the Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia. Hyer and Heaton's (1968) account of the period in the China Quarterly deals with events up until 1968, and relies heavily upon an analysis of the news reports broadcast by Radio Inner Mongolia at that time. The paper focuses upon the fate of Ulanhu, the Chairman of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region who fell from power during the Cultural Revolution. Hyer and Heaton are concerned primarily with the power struggles within the political apparatus, and they include no first-hand or eyewitness accounts. The paper gives no indication of the effects of the Cultural Revolution upon the great bulk of the population of the I.M.A.R., either Mongolian or Han Chinese. However, the article does carefully document the rapidly changing tide of Inner Mongolian government policy and the emergence of populist groups which challenged the political establishment, over the period 1965 to 1968.

The Red Lantern: A Study Of The Impact Of The Cultural Revolution On Drama In China

Modern Drama ◽

10.3138/md.15.1.44 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53

Author(s):

Constantine Tung

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

The Impact ◽

Mutual effect of labour market development and COVID-19 pandemic progression

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-421-428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 421-428

Author(s):

N. V. Shishkina ◽

E. A. Mamistova ◽

T. V. Sabetova

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Mutual Effect ◽

The State ◽

Social Consequence ◽

Staff Retention ◽

Current Events ◽

The Moment ◽

High Level ◽

This paper tackles the economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets and human capital. Specifically, it looks into the issues the pandemic brought upon the human resources and personnel during coronavirus lockdowns. The high level of globalization characteristic of the modern economy has only exacerbated the negative impact of the pandemic. At the moment, it remains impossible to assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the damage caused to the economies of countries and regions by this event. However, it is possible to identify the main directions of analysis of the consequences of the pandemic, including in terms of the impact on the state of the labor market, which was the main goal of this study. In particular, the authors highlight a number of consequences, the work on overcoming which is still to be done by the Russian socio-economic system. The most obvious of them is the growth of unemployment, the release of part of the employed and the reduction in the number of jobs, and this is observed extremely unevenly across the sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, the authors point out that the problem of staff release is aggravated by the size of the share of informal employment in the labor market, especially in the sectors of public catering, leisure and tourism that have been most affected by the pandemic. As the second important problem, the authors point to ineffective staff reduction, the dismissal of useful and valuable employees of some organizations while maintaining an unnecessarily bloated staff of others. It also mentions the reasons and forms of staff retention, some of which, being either forced or economically and technologically attractive, give rise to additional problems. The authors call an important social consequence of the pandemic a reduction in the number and level of personal contacts in society, in particular, in working groups. As a result, the author's vision of the long-term consequences of current events for the state of the labor market, employment of the population and the economy as a whole is proposed.)

Zhao Jiping and the sound of resistance in Red Sorghum

Studia Musicologica ◽

10.1556/6.2015.56.4.5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 355-366

Author(s):

Brian C. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

Rural China ◽

Nobel Laureate ◽

Mao Zedong ◽

Musical Language ◽

Mo Yan ◽

Cultural Expression ◽

Concert Music ◽

The Impact ◽

Since seizing power in 1949, China’s Communist Party has exerted firm control over all aspects of cultural expression. This policy took its most radical turn in the mid-1960s when Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), aiming to rid the country of bourgeois elements. The composer Zhao Jiping was a student at the Xi’an Conservatory during this period. He graduated in 1970, but was able to continue his studies only when the Central Conservatory reopened in 1978. On completing his studies, he established himself as a composer of folk-inspired music for film and the concert stage. This paper focuses on Zhao’s score for director Zhang Yimou’s Red Sorghum (Hong gao liang, 1987), a film based on the 1986 novel by 2012 Nobel laureate Mo Yan. While the composer enjoyed only limited recognition beyond China, he went on to score other successful films, among them Raise the Red Lantern (1991) and Farewell, My Concubine (1993), and achieve success as a composer of concert music. The paper connects Zhao’s musical language to the impact of the Cultural Revolution by examining how in Red Sorghum his music was employed to evoke a virile image of rural China.

Assessing the Impact of Gender and Race on Earnings in the Library Science Labor Market

College & Research Libraries ◽

10.5860/0710171 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 171-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Darren Sweeper ◽

Steven A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

National Survey ◽

College Graduates ◽

Library Science ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

Income Differences ◽

Using Data ◽

Using data from the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, this paper examines earnings in the library science labor market and assesses the impact of gender on the income attainment process. We use this cross-sectional dataset to determine if there are significant income differences between male and female library science professionals. The approach taken in this paper is to build a theoretical model of income attainment for librarians. We then discuss the methodology used to analyze the data and test the model, followed by a discussion of the results and recommendations for further research.