scholarly journals Deep convolutional neural networks, features, and categories perform similarly at explaining primate high-level visual representations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Maria Jozwik ◽  
Nikolaus Kriegeskorte ◽  
Radoslaw Martin Cichy ◽  
Marieke Mur
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Approach to Detect Pornography Videos in Educational Repositories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro V. A. de Freitas ◽  
Antonio J. G. Busson ◽  
Álan L. V. Guedes ◽  
Sérgio Colcher
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
High Level

A large number of videos are uploaded on educational platforms every minute. Those platforms are responsible for any sensitive media uploaded by their users. An automated detection system to identify pornographic content could assist human workers by pre-selecting suspicious videos. In this paper, we propose a multimodal approach to adult content detection. We use two Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to extract high-level features from both image and audio sources of a video. Then, we concatenate those features and evaluate the performance of classifiers on a set of mixed educational and pornographic videos. We achieve an F1-score of 95.67% on the educational and adult videos set and an F1-score of 94% on our test subset for the pornographic class.

scholarly journals Meaning maps and saliency models based on deep convolutional neural networks are insensitive to image meaning when predicting human fixations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek A. Pedziwiatr ◽  
Matthias Kümmerer ◽  
Thomas S.A. Wallis ◽  
Matthias Bethge ◽  
Christoph Teufel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
High Level

AbstractEye movements are vital for human vision, and it is therefore important to understand how observers decide where to look. Meaning maps (MMs), a technique to capture the distribution of semantic importance across an image, have recently been proposed to support the hypothesis that meaning rather than image features guide human gaze. MMs have the potential to be an important tool far beyond eye-movements research. Here, we examine central assumptions underlying MMs. First, we compared the performance of MMs in predicting fixations to saliency models, showing that DeepGaze II – a deep neural network trained to predict fixations based on high-level features rather than meaning – outperforms MMs. Second, we show that whereas human observers respond to changes in meaning induced by manipulating object-context relationships, MMs and DeepGaze II do not. Together, these findings challenge central assumptions underlying the use of MMs to measure the distribution of meaning in images.

scholarly journals Learning to Automatically Diagnose Multiple Diseases in Pediatric Chest Radiographs Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh T. Tran ◽  
Hieu H. Pham ◽  
Thang V. Nguyen ◽  
Tung T. Le ◽  
Hieu T. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Class Imbalance ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Thoracic Diseases ◽  
Experienced Radiologist ◽  
Pediatric Chest ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation is critical for the diagnosis of various thoracic diseases in pediatric patients. This task, however, is error-prone and requires a high level of understanding of radiologic expertise. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (D-CNNs) have shown remarkable performance in interpreting CXR in adults. However, there is a lack of evidence indicating that D-CNNs can recognize accurately multiple lung pathologies from pediatric CXR scans. In particular, the development of diagnostic models for the detection of pediatric chest diseases faces significant challenges such as (i) lack of physician-annotated datasets and (ii) class imbalance problems. In this paper, we retrospectively collect a large dataset of 5,017 pediatric CXR scans, for which each is manually labeled by an experienced radiologist for the presence of 10 common pathologies. A D-CNN model is then trained on 3,550 annotated scans to classify multiple pediatric lung pathologies automatically. To address the high-class imbalance issue, we propose to modify and apply "Distribution-Balanced loss" for training D-CNNs which reshapes the standard Binary-Cross Entropy loss (BCE) to efficiently learn harder samples by down-weighting the loss assigned to the majority classes. On an independent test set of 777 studies, the proposed approach yields an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of 0.709 (95% CI, 0.690-0.729). The sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score at the cutoff value are 0.722 (0.694-0.750), 0.579 (0.563-0.595), and 0.389 (0.373-0.405), respectively. These results significantly outperform previous state-of-the-art methods on most of the target diseases. Moreover, our ablation studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed loss function compared to other standard losses, e.g., BCE and Focal Loss, for this learning task. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of D-CNNs in interpreting pediatric CXRs.

CNN-based Classification of Degraded Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 28-1-28-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Endo ◽  
Masayuki Tanaka ◽  
Masatoshi Okutomi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Image Restoration ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Degraded Image ◽  
Degraded Images ◽  
Straightforward Approach

Classification of degraded images is very important in practice because images are usually degraded by compression, noise, blurring, etc. Nevertheless, most of the research in image classification only focuses on clean images without any degradation. Some papers have already proposed deep convolutional neural networks composed of an image restoration network and a classification network to classify degraded images. This paper proposes an alternative approach in which we use a degraded image and an additional degradation parameter for classification. The proposed classification network has two inputs which are the degraded image and the degradation parameter. The estimation network of degradation parameters is also incorporated if degradation parameters of degraded images are unknown. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperforms a straightforward approach where the classification network is trained with degraded images only.

scholarly journals Deep convolutional neural networks for cardiovascular vulnerable plaque detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 02024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincan Li ◽  
Tong Jia ◽  
Tianqi Meng ◽  
Yizhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Vulnerable Plaques ◽  
Plaque Detection

In this paper, an accurate two-stage deep learning method is proposed to detect vulnerable plaques in ultrasonic images of cardiovascular. Firstly, a Fully Convonutional Neural Network (FCN) named U-Net is used to segment the original Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT) cardiovascular images. We experiment on different threshold values to find the best threshold for removing noise and background in the original images. Secondly, a modified Faster RCNN is adopted to do precise detection. The modified Faster R-CNN utilize six-scale anchors (122,162,322,642,1282,2562) instead of the conventional one scale or three scale approaches. First, we present three problems in cardiovascular vulnerable plaque diagnosis, then we demonstrate how our method solve these problems. The proposed method in this paper apply deep convolutional neural networks to the whole diagnostic procedure. Test results show the Recall rate, Precision rate, IoU (Intersection-over-Union) rate and Total score are 0.94, 0.885, 0.913 and 0.913 respectively, higher than the 1st team of CCCV2017 Cardiovascular OCT Vulnerable Plaque Detection Challenge. AP of the designed Faster RCNN is 83.4%, higher than conventional approaches which use one-scale or three-scale anchors. These results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed method and the power of deep learning approaches in diagnose cardiovascular vulnerable plaques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document