Impervious Surface Thresholds and the Pace to Plant Technique for Planting Urban Red Maple Trees

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G. Dale ◽  
Steven D. Frank ◽  
Elsa Youngsteadt ◽  
Barbara Fair ◽  
Julieta Sherk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Tree Stress ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tree Condition

A foundation of integrated pest management (IPM) in urban landscapes is to put the right plant in the right place. This preventive tactic can reduce plant stress, pest infestations, and subsequent pesticide applications. Many urban tree species have more insect and mite pests in urban landscapes than in surrounding natural areas. This is due in part to stress created by impervious surfaces, such as roads and sidewalks that can increase air temperature and reduce soil moisture. For red maples (Acer rubrum), more impervious surface area leads to more stress and worse tree condition. This publication focuses on selecting red maple planting sites that will help reduce tree stress and scale insect pests by maximizing surfaces permeable to water.

scholarly journals Forecasting the Effects of Heat and Pests on Urban Trees: Impervious Surface Thresholds and the ‘Pace-to-Plant’ Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Dale ◽  
Elsa Youngsteadt ◽  
Steven Frank
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Impervious Surface Cover ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Tree Condition

Trees provide ecosystem services that benefit humans and the environment. Unfortunately, urban trees often do not provide maximum services due to abiotic stress and arthropod herbivores and borers. These problems often originate from trees being planted in unsuitable conditions. Cities are warmer than natural areas because impervious surfaces absorb and reradiate heat. Higher temperatures can increase pest insect abundance and water stress, and reduce street tree condition relative to natural forests. For example, the gloomy scale insect [Melanaspsis tenebricosa Comstock (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)], a pest of red maple (Acer rubrum) street trees, is more abundant in warmer than cooler urban sites. Acer rubrum, at warmer urban sites with more M. tenebricosa, are typically in poor condition. Here, researchers demonstrate these relationships and illustrate how impervious surface cover can be used to predict the condition of A. rubrum street trees. impervious surface thresholds were then developed to define suitable planting sites that can be used by individuals with access to GIS software. Researchers present the pace-to-plant technique, which can be used by landscape professionals to quickly estimate impervious surface cover around a planting site. These thresholds predict future tree condition based on planting site impervious surface cover. The hope is that more informed planting will minimize pest infestations and maximize the future vigor and performance of street trees.

Chronology of Gloomy Scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Infestations on Urban Trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi M Backe ◽  
Steven D Frank
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Impervious Surface Cover ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tree Condition

Abstract Pest abundance on urban trees often increases with surrounding impervious surface. Gloomy scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa Comstock; Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a pest of red maples (Acer rubrum L.; Sapindales: Sapindaceae) in the southeast United States, reaches injurious levels in cities and reduces tree condition. Here, we use a chronosequence field study in Raleigh, NC, to investigate patterns in gloomy scale densities over time from the nursery to 13 yr after tree planting, with a goal of informing more efficient management of gloomy scale on urban trees. We examine how impervious surfaces affect the progression of infestations and how infestations affect tree condition. We find that gloomy scale densities remain low on trees until at least seven seasons after tree planting, providing a key timepoint for starting scouting efforts. Scouting should focus on tree branches, not tree trunks. Scale density on tree branches increases with impervious surface across the entire studied tree age range and increases faster on individual trees that are planted in areas with high impervious surface cover. There is a lag between the onset of pest infestations and a decline in tree condition, indicating that gloomy scale management should begin prior to a visible decline in tree condition. Our results inform management of gloomy scale in cities.

A Guide to Planting Wildflower Enhancements in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Bammer ◽  
Josh Campbell ◽  
Chase B. Kimmel ◽  
James D.. Ellis ◽  
Jaret C. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
The Right

The establishment of native wildflower plantings in Florida can benefit agricultural producers as well as native pollinators and other beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids). The plantings do this by:  providing forage and nesting sites for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, increasing wild bee numbers possibly across the farm, and increasing natural enemies of insect pests (that also depend on forage and nesting sites). This document discusses choosing the right mix of native plant species to benefit many pollinator species, as well as proper site selection, planting practices, and weed control techniques. Wildflower plots should be practical to manage, maximize benefits to wildlife, and fit into the overall management practices of the property. 

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

Vascular cambium necrosis in forest fires: using hyperbolic temperature regimes to estimate parameters of a tissue-response model

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Dickinson ◽  
J. Jolliff ◽  
A. S. Bova
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Hyperbolic temperature exposures (in which the rate of temperature rise increases with time) and an analytical solution to a rate-process model were used to characterise the impairment of respiration in samples containing both phloem (live bark) and vascular-cambium tissue during exposures to temperatures such as those experienced by the vascular cambium in tree stems heated by forest fires. Tissue impairment was characterised for red maple (Acer rubrum), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) samples. The estimated temperature dependence of the model’s rate parameter (described by the Arrhenius equation) was a function of the temperature regime to which tissues were exposed. Temperatures rising hyperbolically from near ambient (30°C) to 65°C produced rate parameters for the deciduous species that were similar at 60°C to those from the literature, estimated by using fixed temperature exposures. In contrast, samples from all species showed low rates of impairment, conifer samples more so than deciduous, after exposure to regimes in which temperatures rose hyperbolically between 50 and 60°C. A hypersensitive response could explain an early lag in tissue-impairment rates that apparently caused the differences among heating regimes. A simulation based on stem vascular-cambium temperature regimes measured during fires shows how temperature-dependent impairment rates can be used to predict tissue necrosis in fires. To our knowledge, hyperbolic temperature exposures have not been used to characterise plant tissue thermal tolerance and, given certain caveats, could provide more realistic data more efficiently than fixed-temperature exposures.

Some changes in red maple, Acer rubrum, tissues within 34 days after wounding in July

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Rier ◽  
Alex L. Shigo
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

Fluorescence microscopy was used to show that during 34 days after the wounding of red maple, Acer rubrum, callose accumulated in the phloem, new xylary tissues formed, and plugs formed in vessels to 10 cm above and below the wounds.

Influence of genotype and soil on root fan structures of Acer rubrum

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Richard J. Medve
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Order Root

Soils collected from eight different plant communities that contained red maples (Acer rubrum L.) had little effect on root fan structures of red maple seedlings. Seedlings from eight seed sources, grown in the same soil types, showed a significant amount of variation for third order root characteristics. Root fan structures, especially those characteristics relating to beaded rootlets, were significantly affected by soil sterilization. Root fan structures were more copious and developed more rapidly on indigenous seedlings than on seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document