scholarly journals The American Palm Cixiid, Haplaxius crudus

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Brian Bahder
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Far North ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Lethal Yellowing ◽  
American Palm ◽  
The Caribbean

The American palm cixiid, Haplaxius crudus, is a common species of insect that belongs to the order Hemiptera, family Cixiidae.  It is widespread and abundant in the state of Florida, but also occurs as far north as South Carolina and as far west as Texas.  Furthermore, it is common throughout the Caribbean basin.  This insect feeds on a wide variety of palm species as adults while the immature stages feed on a wide variety of grass species.  This species is of high economic concern due to its ability to transmit the lethal yellowing (LY) phytoplasma (Howard and Thomas 1980) and is also the putative vector of lethal bronzing (LB) in Florida.   Major revision of Howard, Forrest. 2007. “American Palm Cixiid, Myndus Crudus Van Duzee (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae)”. EDIS 2007 (10). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/116586. Revised 2015.

Genetic Variability of Palm Lethal Decline Phytoplasmas in the Caribbean Basin and Florida, U.S.A., Based on a Multilocus Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Soto ◽  
Ericka E. Helmick ◽  
Nigel A. Harrison ◽  
Brian W. Bahder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Multilocus Analysis ◽  
The Caribbean

Palm lethal decline phytoplasmas are an important group of plant pathogens that cause death in a variety of palm species throughout the Caribbean basin and the southeastern United States. The 16SrIV-D phytoplasma was introduced to the state of Florida, United States; it has since caused severe economic losses to the green industries of Florida and is threating natural ecosystems because of its ability to infect the native palm Sabal palmetto. In this study, the genetic variability of the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma was assessed over a 10-year period to determine if multiple introductions had occurred or if natural mutations were occurring. Furthermore, the genetic variability of the palm lethal decline phytoplasma group (16SrIV) was assessed with a multiple locus analysis using the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, and secA and groEL genes. Overall, no variability of the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma was documented in Florida over a 10-year period. The multilocus analysis showed support for three distinct species of the phytoplasma in the Caribbean basin that infect palms and further support that the 16SrIV-C from Tanzania is not closely related. Furthermore, 16SrIV-B and 16SrIV-D were found to be the same phytoplasma based on 100% identity between the two based on intergenic spacer region, secA, and groEL analysis. This study represents the first robust, multilocus analysis of palm-infecting phytoplasmas from the Caribbean and sheds light on the phylogeny and evolution of the group.

scholarly journals Lethal Yellowing (LY) of Palm

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2006 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel A. Harrison ◽  
Monica L. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
The State ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Pathology Department ◽  
Lethal Yellowing ◽  
The Caribbean

Lethal yellowing (LY) is a palm disease prevalent in Florida landscapes in the southern one-third of the state. It is also observed in field nurseries. This disease has significantly reduced the number of tall-type Cocos nucifera (coconut) in Florida and the Caribbean Basin, and localized outbreaks continue to occur. This document is PP-222, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 2006. PP-222/PP146: Lethal Yellowing (LY) of Palm (ufl.edu)

Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Cultural Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lethal Yellowing ◽  
American Palm ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
American Tropics

Abstract Haplaxius crudus, commonly known as American palm cixiid, is native to the American tropics and subtropics. The species was first described from Jamaica in 1907 and is currently known from northern South America, Central America, certain islands of the Caribbean, and Florida and southern Texas in the USA. The adults of H. crudus feed mainly on palms, particularly coconut palms, while the nymphs feed mainly on grasses. The main economic impact of H. crudus is as a vector of coconut (or palm) lethal yellowing (LY) caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae, a highly destructive disease that affects at least 37 species of palms, including coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Control of LY is best achieved by the planting of resistant cultivars integrated with cultural measures such as ground cover management because chemical control of H. crudus is not practical. International trade in palms from LY-infected areas is prohibited because of the threat of the disease and vector spreading not only to coconuts and date palms, but also to palms that are important as ornamental plants or as local sources of food or fibre.

The Caribbean Basin: A Climatological Study

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Walters ◽  
Andrew G. Korik ◽  
Michael J. Vojtesak
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
The Caribbean

Cryptotermes camelus (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae), a new drywood termite species from the Bolivian Chaco

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4938 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
RUDOLF H. SCHEFFRAHN
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
The Caribbean

Cryptotermes Banks, 1906 is the third most diverse kalotermitid genus worldwide after Glyptotermes Froggatt, 1897 and Neotermes Holmgren, 1911, with its greatest diversity found in the Neotropics (Krishna et al. 2013a). Furthermore, the greatest number of species of Cryptotermes are known from the Caribbean Basin (Scheffrahn & Křeček 1999, Casala et al. 2016, Scheffrahn 2019). Although Araujo (1977) and Bacchus (1987) list Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland, 1898) from Trinidad (treated as mainland) and Panama, respectively, Scheffrahn & Křeček (1999) and Scheffrahn et al. (2009) doubt the existence of this Asian species in the New World. Without C. domesticus, the total extant Neotropical diversity of Cryptotermes is 29 endemic and three exotic species (Constantino 2020). 

Description of the pupa and redescription of the third instar of Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (3) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
MARIO G. IBARRA-POLESEL ◽  
NESTOR G. VALLE ◽  
JHON C. NEITA-MORENO ◽  
MIRYAM P. DAMBORSKY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) is a common species widely distributed from the southern United States to Argentina and the West Indies. In this work the immature stages are described and illustrated based on specimens from Argentina. A key to the known third-stage larvae of New World Phileurini species is provided and updated. Notes on the life cycle and natural history are also included. 

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