An Analysis of the Air Transportation Industry's Crisis Structure, and Policy Agenda in the Pandemic Situation of Infectious Diseases

Airports need high security procedures, especially for preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases spread by passenger and carried goods. Outbreaks of disease form real threat to national defense that can endanger national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security. Biological agents that are dangerous sources of outbreaks infectious diseases can be spread by criminal and terrorists for biological warfare. Based on data, the spread of diseases in Indonesia came from abroad, such as SARS from China, Mers-CoV from the Middle East, Avian Influenza from China, HIV from Africa etc. Indonesia has a population of more than 262 million peoples, 17,500 islands, and climate conditions that allow microorganisms to grow well. In 2017 domestic flights transported 95,401,545 persons and international flights 16,253,259 persons, we need to prevent the spread of diseases in Indonesia entering through the Airports. Efforts to prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents in Indonesia were carried out by Quarantine Officers and Port Health Officers. The development of threat outbreak disease in air transportation is real in the future, so all Indonesia airports must have action plans to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The Air Force must act as guardian of sovereignty by having medical personnel on the spot for role interoperability with the personnel Port Health Office for prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents. Capacity building need for be enhanced for prevention, detection, identification and response through a training of the personnel, procurement facilities for readiness prevent, detect and respond when facing biological threat

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Air-Transportation Networks and the Spatial Spreading of Infectious Diseases

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 513-517 ◽

pp. 4020-4024

Author(s):

Zhi Jing Xu ◽

Zheng Hu Zu ◽

Tao Zheng ◽

Qing Xu ◽

Wen Dou Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Transportation Networks ◽

Air Transportation ◽

Civil Aviation ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

Typical Structure ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Influenza Outbreaks

Many studies suggest that air-transportation networks contribute a lot to the spatiotemporal dynamics of infectious diseases. The mobility of individuals over the networks has greatly speeded up the spreading processes of the epidemics and pushed the population in non-epidemic areas into the risk of infection. To figure out the underlying interactions between the air-transportation networks and the transmission of the epidemics, we have (i) analyzed the air-routes and the statistical data on the passenger throughput of the civil aviation of China and (ii) carried out a computer simulation based on the assumption that a novel influenza outbreaks in Southeast Asia. The results show that the topology of the air-transportations networks has a typical structure of heterogeneities. We also find that the epidemics will soon strike China after the initial outbreaks and rapidly spread throughout the whole networks without air-travel restrictions even the reproductive number () is small.

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Hand-hygiene mitigation strategies against global disease spreading through the air transportation network

10.1101/530618 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christos Nicolaides ◽

Demetris Avraam ◽

Luis Cueto-Felgueroso ◽

Marta C. González ◽

Ruben Juanes

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Transportation Network ◽

Air Transportation ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Hand Washing ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTHand hygiene is considered as an efficient and cost-effective way to limit the spread of diseases and, as such, it is recommended by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While the effect of hand washing on individual transmissibility of a disease has been studied through medical and public-health research, its potential as a mitigation strategy against a global pandemic has not been fully explored yet. In this study, we investigate contagion dynamics through the world air transportation network and analyze the impact of hand-hygiene behavioural changes of airport population against the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. Using a granular dataset of the world air transportation traffic, we build a detailed individual mobility model that controls for the correlated and recurrent nature of human travel and the waiting-time distributions of individuals at different locations. We perform a Monte-Carlo simulation study to assess the impact of different hand-washing mitigation strategies at the early stages of a global epidemic. From the simulation results we find that increasing the hand cleanliness homogeneously at all airports in the world can inhibit the impact of a potential pandemic by 24 to 69%. By quantifying and ranking the contribution of the different airports to the mitigation of an epidemic outbreak, we identify ten key airports at the core of a cost-optimal deployment of the hand-washing strategy: increasing the engagement rate at those locations alone could potentially reduce a world pandemic by 8 to 37%. This research provides evidence of the effectiveness of hand hygiene in airports on the global spread of infectious diseases, and has important implications for the way public-health policymakers may design new effective strategies to enhance hand hygiene in airports through behavioral changes.

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