Abstract
Salinization leads to several worldwide damages in agricultural regions, mainly in semiarid regions where leaching of salt is poor due to limited and erratic rainfall. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a Malvaceae with wide genetic variability to salt stress. The identification of salinity tolerant genotypes is a dynamic target in a breeding program, and the selection is often based on plant phenotypes. Molecular markers are reliable tools to aid in these selection procedures. Aquaporin (AQPs) are channel proteins that play fundamental role in water relations and tolerance to environmental stresses. Plants have fine regulation of water transport through AQPs activities. In order to evaluate the AQP expressions of different cotton cultivars submitted to salt stress, we use molecular and physiological tools, based on RT-qPCR and gas exchange assays. Seven cultivars were submitted to 95 mM NaCl, started at V3 stage (21 days after emergence), during 72 h. At the end of stress treatment, root tissues were used to total RNA extraction, followed by cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR analyzes. Three sets of specific primers were used, drawn from AQP accessions deposited in NCBI. Additionally, full expanded leaves were used to gas exchange assays and to estimate the relative water content. The dry matter of the shoots was also evaluated. Based on pattern of AQPs transcripts, we found that all semiarid tolerant cultivars (BRS Seridó, 7MH, CNPA MT 2009 152 and BRS 416) showed downregulation of AQP subtypes, mainly GhPIP1;1 and GhTIP2;1 whose action is characterized as tolerant to salinity. The results of gas exchanges, relative water content and dry matter were consistent with the molecular findings in these cultivars, confirming that GhPIP1;1 and GhTIP2;1, located at plasma membrane and vacuoles, respectively, could be adopted as AQP markers for identification of cotton tolerant to salt stress.
Effects of Different Salt Stress on Physiological Growth and Yield of Drip Irrigation Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)