scholarly journals КВАЗАР

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-216
Author(s):  
А. Н. Нарожный
Keyword(s):  
Accretion Disk ◽  
Open System ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Physical Vacuum ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Three Components

An attempt is made to present a quasar structure based on the presence in its center of a supermassive object with an accretion disk, as well as the mechanisms for generating jet components and their initial segments. Model jet built on the basis of the allocation of the three main sources of matter supplied to the ejected jet. Such sources are: the baryonic matter of the accretion disk, the matter of the central body of the galaxy and dark galactic matter. Particles of dark matter — bosons — appear as a result of the pairwise combination of microwave photons, which are the remnant of stellar radiation. Deeper levels of matter (physical vacuum, or ether) are not taken into account, but their respective contributions are indicated in appropriate places. The central galactic body is considered an open system (dark star Mitchell - Laplace). This object has a finite size, finite density, and can have a large internal energy. Giving the central body the status of an open system allows one to overcome some difficult moments in the interpretation of observational data concerning the initial parts of the jet. The spatial separation of the original sources of matter makes it possible to speak of three components at the base of the jet of the active galactic nucleus.However, the appearance of a jet with three components requires certain conditions in the galactic core, which are not always there, but can occasionally appear. In addition, despite the fact that for the middle and central components of the jet the mechanism of their formation is the same, the central component of the jet may be absent. For its appearance, it is necessary that the energy and dynamic parameters of the central galactic body and the accretion disk satisfy certain conditions. Removing the restriction on the speed of motion of particles with a nonzero rest mass leads to a simple explanation of the presence of hard radiation from blazars and the appearance of excessively high energies of cosmic particles entering the earth's atmosphere. The consequences resulting from the mechanism of formation of two internal components of the jet are given.Two of them can be checked on the radiation of the central regions of nearby galaxies, and the other two consequences can relate to events on our planet — known major catastrophes and to the phenomenon sometimes observed in the Earth’s atmosphere

History of the Earth’s Atmosphere

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Budyko ◽  
Alexander B. Ronov ◽  
Alexander L. Yanshin
Keyword(s):  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
History Of ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

THE ENERGIES AND MOLECULAR PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN THE REACTION OF CH + 1,3-BUTADIENE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NIKOLAYEV ◽  
◽  
A. M. Mebel ◽  
V. N. Azyazov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Reduce Emissions

This research is devoted to the problem of environmental pollution. The study of various pathways that reduce emissions of fuel combustion products into the Earth's atmosphere is still applicable today.

Physics and Technology of Sustainable Energy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
College Level ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Electric Power Grid ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

This is a physics textbook describing, at a college level, the physics and technology needed to provide sustainable long-term energy, past the era of fossil fuels. A summary is given of global power generation and consumption, with estimates of times until conventional fuels will deplete. Sustainable power sources, largely those coming from the Sun directly or indirectly, are described. As sustainable energy must preserve the Earth’s atmosphere and climate, key elements of these topics are included. Key energy technologies in this book include photovoltaics, wind turbines and the electric power grid, for which the underlying physics is developed. Nuclear fusion is described in the context of the Sun’s energy generation, in a brief description of tokamak fusion reactors, and also to introduce ideas of quantum physics needed for adequate treatment of photovoltaic devices. Energy flow in and out of the Earth’s atmosphere is discussed, including the role of greenhouse gas impurities arising from fossil fuel burning as trapping heat and raising the Earth’s temperature. Discussion is included of the Earth’s climatic history and future. Exercises are included for each chapter.

scholarly journals An Update on The Problem of Small Comets

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
J.C. Brandt ◽  
M.F. A’Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Icy Bodies ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Search Program ◽  
Volatile Materials

The evidence for a major population of small comets (SCs) is summarized in two steps. First, we briefly summarize our previous work. Second, we describe recent work that continues to find SCs. When new capabilities become available that can detect SCs, we expect to find them and this is occurring. At present, their detection is a haphazard process and we advocate a dedicated, optimized search program. We define SCs as those icy bodies (i.e., sublimating bodies) with radius less than 1000 meters. Often the existence of SCs is inferred from effects ascribed to them. These “effects” include: lunar cratering; cratering on Ganymede; excess interplanetary hydrogen; delivery of volatile materials to the terrestrial planets; and a source of fragile bodies entering the Earth’s atmosphere. While some of these indirect methods support the existence of SCs, direct observations are clearly preferred.

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