scholarly journals Trends and Causes of Farmers Suicide in Maharashtra State, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-261
Author(s):  
Vikas V. Ade
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
The Us ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
Agriculture Extension

The present study accepted out with an investigative strategy of social research on farmer’s suicide trend in Maharashtra state, Over 15,000 farmers have committed suicide in Maharashtra between 2013 and 2018. In Vidarbha and Marathwada from January 2001 to July 2018, a total of 29602farmers from 18 districts of died by suicide. About 83.74% of the state's total farmer suicides were in the two regions of Vidarbha and Marathwada. The highest farmer suicide in Amravati division is 57.8%, than Nagpur division 15.6%, Aurangabad division 13.6%, Nasik division 8.3%, Pune division 4.5% and lowest farmer suicide 0.8% in Konkan division. A farming disaster has rainfall a spate of suicides in Maharashtra. The suicide mortality rate for farmers in the state has increased from 2001 to 2018. The rain dependent cotton growing farmers of Maharashtra are faced with declining profitability because of dumping in the global market by the US, low import tariffs, failure of the Monopoly Cotton Procurement Scheme and withdrawal of the state are resulting in declining public investment in agriculture, poor government agriculture extension services and the diminishing role of formal credit institutions. The farmer is faced with yield, price, credit, income and weather uncertainties. The way out is to merge bold public policy initiatives with civil society engagement.

The Diminishing Acts of the State. Or, Is It?

2012 ◽  
pp. 687-717
Author(s):  
Francis N. Botchway
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Police Powers ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
International Economic Law ◽  
The Us

The Act of state doctrine essentially serves to truncate or end proceedings against a state in the court of another state for actions attributed to or owned by the first state. Originally, the actions against which the defense could be raised were wide and all encompassing. It included exercise of police powers, takings, maritime and commercial acts. However, starting with cases such as Bernstein, Dunhill and others, and goaded in part by legislation such as the second Hickenlooper Amendment in the US, a number of exceptions have been carved into the doctrine. It is such that some academics have called for the end of the doctrine. This paper argues that although the doctrine is now limited, compared to its original compass, it is resilient. That resilience, this paper contends, is predicated on its International law pedigree. It is further argued that the swings in the role of the state in economic matters accounts for the growth, downturn and upturn in the viability of the doctrine as a defense in international economic law.

The principle of subsidiarity as a constitutional principle in international law

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS FOLLESDAL
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
The Us ◽  
State Compliance ◽  
State Consent

AbstractThis paper explores subsidiarity as a constitutional principle in international law. Some authors have appealed to a principle of subsidiarity in order to defend the legitimacy of several striking features of international law, such as the centrality of state consent, the leeway in assessing state compliance and weak sanctions in its absence. The article presents such defences of state-centric aspects of international law by appeals to subsidiarity, and finds them wanting. Different interpretations of subsidiarity have strikingly different institutional implications regarding the objectives of the polity, the domain and role of subunits, and the allocation of authority to apply the principle of subsidiarity itself. Five different interpretations are explored, drawn from Althusius, the US federalists, Pope Leo XIII, and others. One upshot is that the principle of subsidiarity cannot provide normative legitimacy to the state-centric aspects of current international law on its own. It stands in need of substantial interpretation. The versions of subsidiarity that match current practices of public international law are questionable. Many crucial aspects of our legal order must be reconsidered – in particular the standing and scope of state sovereignty.

scholarly journals Modern Democracy-Welfare State and Public Goods. A current consequence for Greece.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMANOUIL MAVROZACHARAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
System P ◽  
A Current

People expect the state to create jobs and provide them with a social security net. Whatever its defects, whatever the virtues of the private sector, no structure other than the state can today provide citizens with the basic public goods. Under the present right-wing government of Nea Dimokratia in Greece, which is not particularly at odds with neoliberalism, a very active role of the state is not expected. Also is nor expected the introduction of a serious program of public investment and demand-boosting to stimulate the national economy and enter into a virtuous circle of recovery. Greece, which has undergone the economic crisis with drastic cuts in its traditionally deficient social state, has to respond directly to the marked underinvestment in public goods (in key areas such as education, health, natural disasters, dealing with decent living conditions).The most important tool for inputting resources is the tax system.

U. Kalpagam. Labour and Gender: Survival in Urban India. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1994.300 pp.Index. Hardbound. Indian Rs 285.00.

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Social Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Urban India ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Analytical Category

There is increasing realisation that the development of a society depends crucially on the development of its human capital. It is the quality, potential, and efficiency of each person in the society that determines the pace of development. The exploitation of the inherent potential of the manpower to its fullest is a sine qua non of the successful exploitation of all the other resources. It is only of late that the profession has started focusing on the issues of gender. The book under review provides a deep insight into these issues in the context of labour and survival amongst urban workers in an Indian state. Its main theme is labour and gender. However, because at subsistence levels of living the objective is not to maximise utility but to maximise the chances of survival, the issues take on a third dimension. In traditional India, like other male-dominated, chauvinistic societies, gender roles were strictly defined. Females were assigned the responsibility of housework, whereas the males fulfilled the financial needs of the family. Lately, the traditional role of women in Indian society is changing. Increasing numbers of women are working in the formal and informal sectors as wage-earners. This book focuses on the problems faced by poor working women in the urban informal sector. Gender, as an analytical category of work, and survival, which has been ignored in most social research, provide interesting dimensions to the urban labour problem. In this regard, the author examines the role of planning and its effect on women workers in urban India, and studies the interaction between the state, the market, and the household. She suggests that the state should intervene in regulating the market forces to assure the survival of the very poor.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ilana M. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Education System ◽  
The State ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
The Road ◽  
Selective College ◽  
The Us ◽  
Children's Schooling ◽  
Role Of Religion

This chapter begins by showing why college is so consequential to Americans’ lives. It then describes how and why the US education system is stratified by social class. The road to college, especially a selective college, is much smoother for those who come from more affluent and educated families. The farther down on the socioeconomic ladder you go, the bumpier and steeper the climb to college becomes. Social class matters to children’s schooling because parents’ childrearing strategies continue to influence children even after they leave home. Yet the current narratives that we have about adolescents do not reflect their religious upbringing. The chapter introduces a new childrearing logic that cuts across social class groups and accounts for the role of religion: “religious restraint.” This chapter also describes the state of religion in America and explains why this book is primarily about “abiders”—Christians who display high degrees of religiosity.

The public investment criterion and the role of the state

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. K. FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Investment Criterion

The evolution of China's monetary policy: on the horns of a dilemma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Ramaa Vasudevan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
International Lending ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Role

This paper explores the evolution of monetary policy at the People's Bank of China (PBoC) in the context of the distinct path China has adopted in fostering the international role of the renminbi. The paper highlights the challenges faced by the PBoC as it seeks to promote the use of the renminbi in international lending in particular, while simultaneously seeking to contain and discipline the inherent instability and potentially disruptive logic of finance. The problem it faces is not simply that of negotiating the impossible trinity, but rather the dilemma posed by its attempt to step out of the shadow of the US and forge an independent global role for the renminbi, while asserting control over the contours of its developing financial sector. The Chinese experiment tests the limits of the capacity of the state to tame finance.

History Matters

2021 ◽  
pp. 319-364
Author(s):  
B. Zorina Khan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Great Divergence

Debates about the “great divergence” within Europe fail to explain the more persistent divergence that resulted in US leadership in industry and technological innovations. Similarly, selective case studies of the post–World War II economy have given rise to claims that dirigiste linkages between the state, universities, and industry, or national innovation systems, are required for technological progress. Empirical analyses of extensive panel data and long-run patterns of innovation across countries suggest otherwise. France and England exhibited an institutional bias toward administered innovation systems, where key economic decisions were made by elites, the state, and other privileged groups. Such policies encouraged rent-seeking and the misallocation of resources and ultimately failed to engender sustained technological progress. By contrast, the US experience highlights the central role of its market-oriented patent system, in concert with flexible open-access adjacent institutions, in promoting economic growth and social welfare.

3. Political Power, Authority, and the State

Politics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand ◽  
Robert Garner ◽  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The State ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
German Sociologist

This chapter examines power and authority, two central concepts in politics, in relation to the state. It first defines power in the context of authority, taking into account the distinction between them by citing the role of the US Supreme Court as an example. It then considers the classic threefold typology of authority proposed by German sociologist Max Weber, namely: traditional authority, charismatic authority, and legal–rational authority. It also addresses some conceptual questions about power; for example, whether power is the same as force, whether it must be exercised deliberately, whether it is a good thing, or whether we can eliminate it. The chapter goes on to explore the methodological problems inherent in the measurement of power, particularly in relation to the theories of the state such as Marxism, pluralism, elitism, and feminism. Finally, it describes Stephen Lukes' three dimensions of power.

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